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THE CIRCLE
BY
SOMERSET MAUGHAM
China Fleet Club Theatre
In Aid of the British War Organisation Fund
Tuesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
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Hongkong Telegraph.
Tuesday, February 20, 1940.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20815
THE predx "Special to the Telegraph" In used by the "Hongkong Telegraph” to Indicate news which is strictly "copyright ander the provisions of the Telecommuni- callons Ordinanca, 10t. Buch news as bears the indiestión “UP” is rocsived in Hongkong on the date of publication by -the United Pren Associations, who re- serve all rights and toṛbla republication. either wholly or in part without provious arrangement
Britain's Public Schools
There is no other country in the world which has educational institu- tions quite like Britain's "public schools"-Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, and the others which for centuries have educated the sons of the English upper and middle classes. So much have these schools been a part of English life that the English character would scarcely be the same without them.
The crisis through which many of these schools are passing to-day is not wholly due to the war, but has | been aggravated by it, for many of them have been uprooted from their normal surroundings, and masters and boys have been evacuated. New expenses have been added just at the moment when the usunily well- to-do classes can least bear the bur
den.
February 20, 1940.
ח1
Wow Last year sırrah, you
grossly insulted me. LAMB: That impossible,
sir, for I wasn't
born then.
Wour: Well you feed
my pastures.
LAMB: That cannot be for
I have never yet tasted grass,
WOLF: You drink from my
spring then. Land ↑ Indeed, sir,
I have never yet drunk anything but my mother's milk.
AESOP'S FABLES: The Wolf and the Lamb.
QUESTION of the moment
answered by W. N. Ewer
Will Hitler
D
turn Bolshevik?
OI. bellevo these re- ports that Nazi Germany 19 going Bolshevik "? The question often these days.
comes
The answer depends on what you mean by "Bolshevik.""
That Adolf Hitler will turn "Bolshevik" in any sense of the word that Lenin would have recog-- nised or even understood is wildly unthinkable. You can count it out. The ideals of Lenin have been and are anathema to Hitler.:
But it is no longer a question of Ideals. Nazism has come to the point in its.evolution, at which it. is indifferent to ideals. Its Jew- hatred it still clings to; but oven that it would abandon 17 abandon-* ment served its purposes.
It has evolved as dictatorships and oligarchies always evolve. It has lost sight of everything but the twin purposes of self-preservation and of power for Its own sake.
All or Nothing
The ruling gang, and their subordinato gangsters, must keep power or lose everything (Includ- ing, probably enough, their lives). They must hang together or bang separately." Fower is the first necessity of their being. And the need for power begets the lust of power. It is an appetite that grows with eating.
But the problems which are estis- ing anxiety existed before the war. These splendidly equipped schools with their highly trained staffa were costly to maintain. In days of ever-increasing taxation, the num- ber of parents who could afford the fees: has tended to diminish. An- other problem concerns not only their power to exist, but their right to exist in these democratic times. Endowed, independent, exclusive, they have provided a singular con- trast to the democratic system of education which begins in the State- provided elementary schools, con- tinues in the county secondary schools, and now-as not in the past --leads oven to the older universit-serve their purpose admirably.
ica.
At all costs they must keep and strengthen their control. At all costs they must repress and de- stroy any possible opposition to their authority.
If the Bolshevisation" of Ger- many seems to them to serve that purpose, then they will become "Bolsheviks."
"Paris
worth a Mass," said Henry IV of France when that Huguenot hero turned Catholic. Adolf Hitler has fewer scruples than Henry of Navarre.
And in one sense of the word, "Bolahovisation" would seem to
Three Enemies
The first law of a dictatorship must be to crush every possible The ancient public schools no lon-centre of -realstance to its ger afford the only approach to the authority higher posts in the Government and the professions. And it is now questioned in Britain whether these anelent homea of privilege either can or ought to maintain their ex- clusive social character. Such questions are being earnestly debat- ed in British educational circles. Some fear the loss that' may come from breach in the traditios; othéra
FEBRUARY 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th at 9.15 p.m. look forward to a time when only
Booking at Andersons.
the cleverest boys in the country, the poor no less than the rich, should have entry to the best schools.
Nazism began by crushing all possible, centres of working-clasa opposition-the Bocialist Party, the Communist Party, the Trade. Unions.
war
It passed. inevitably, to ngainst the Churches, sgainst freedom of writing, of speech, of education.
evory
To-day it sees in Germany three rallying points of opposi-
Lion, three splières in which those is still some kind of authority, some kind of jende which is not that of the Nazl party. There
are the ok Army leaders, the in- dustrialista (capitalists, if you will), the landed aristocracy.
The conquest of Germany by the Party is not completo until these three have been crushed, until there 13 no. power, no nuthority, no prestige in the country except that of the Fuehrer and of his satellites.
To break the "army caste,” to break capitalists," to break the "aristocrats "here is the clear line of Nazi policy.
Lust for Power
That is, if you will, "Bolshe- vism." But It's a "Bolshevism " Inspired by no Socialist or Demo- cratic ideal: Inspired purely by in- stinct of self-preservation and lust of power: by the desire to have nothing in Germany bút a leader- less mass controlled at every point by a dominant and predatory oligarchy.
The war gives the opportunity, And it looks as though the oppor- tunity will be taken. Not for an attack on all three fronts at once. Hitler is a political tacticlan of the Arst order. He will attack the in- Will dustrialists arst-and attack them with the slogan of Bocialism,
So, in that sense, I can expect n "Bolshevisation," a "swing to the Left," an "offensive against Capl- talism,"
But do not be deceived by it. It will have no ideological significance at all. It will merely be a device for increasing the power of the Party and for tightening its grip on the German people.
FINLAND
Wour Well, anyhow. I'm not going without my
dinner-
The Finn at home
W
BY GEORGE GODWIN
HAT manner of people are these Finns these lambs who coolly face the menace of the Moscow wolf?
This tall, fair, blue-eyed and virile stock, as a blotogical ex- periment, must be classed as one of Nature's best efforts.
If, hitherto, you have mentally classed the Finns with the "back- ward" peoples, disabuse your mind.
To-day, the Finns are at the very forefront of culture, and their country one of the most highly civilised and progressive in the world,
use the rather lethal-looking knife every Finn carries on his hip.
During a wandering that took me 3,000 miles through Finland I visited one of the big prisons and had a chat with the governor,
"Wo seldom have any prisoners hero convicted of 'crimes against property." he told me. "They are nearly all in for crimes of violence." Kindly, hospitable and with a remarkable natural generosity; the Finn, once roused, reverts.
Out comes his knife. The blood.. news.
Once at a dinner party that had lasted from half-past eight until two the next morning, my host told mo that on such occasions In the old days guests would stage a duel
I shall never forget my first visit to Stockmans, the Helsinki store. I wanted a book; but I did not ex- pect to be shepherded into what is known-to-be-the-biggest-book---for the pure joy of combat:~~ shop in the world.
The Finns set great store on education. I recall an afternoon spent in a typical farmhouse on the shore of Lake Puruvesi, near Punkaharju. The family consisted or the farmer, his wife, three grown-up sons, two small girls and 'n daughter of twenty-one,
There are thousands of such familles throughout Finland.
In
nelther that farm-house farmer nor wife had ever visited a town or seen a rallway. Yet the daughter was halfway through the ten-year medical tourse, and ouc son could speak good · American after five years lumbering in the West.
told in.
I remember being Western Canada that the Flan was
an ugly customer to atago a row with. He was credited with rough fighting ways, with a proneness to
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
Do you expect to go through life ALWAYS having your
own way?"
Presenting the point of his knife, the challenger would ask: "How much will you take?" On recely- ing the reply-one inch, an inch and a half-both weapons would be bound at that point below the steel point.
Then before their fellow guests the combatants would stage a flerce and barbarfe duct.
Such fights do not take pince now. The overflowing dynamic energy has been diverted into aport.
What is
the secret of such
athletes as Nurmi? I asked a famous Finnish physician. He re- plied: One reason is our use of the sauna: another our national drink. It is not, as you suppose, schnapps. It la milk,"
A sauna is a steam bath. Every farm-house has a hut by the woods for this purpose. Great boulders are heated and then water is thrown on them,
I took one of these primitive Turkish baths at the verge of a: scented wood, and was later well. and truly pummelled by an ageless. bag-the final process.
It was a marvellous experience, leaving one indescribably. vigorous..
Why is tho Finn so little known. out of his own country?
Because he travels jar when he travelo at all and wually' ns a. sailor. Then there is his language," which, with its eleven cases, defies, any but a linguistic genius. The curse of Babel rests heavily upon the Finn.
To sum up. the Finn has a code- of personal honour second to none.. He will face with quiet courage the longest of odds. In adversity ho endures. But his memory is long. and he has a taste for that good: old human weakness—rovengo,
There could bo no botter key to the Finnish character than you will find in the national opic, the
of the Kalevala.
Ranking as the fifth of the great oples of the world's iterature, the Kalovala tells the story of the overthrow of the forces of brute evil by the Christian virtuos.
To-day her national ople should prove a source of inspiration to tho most wonderfði little country im the modern world.