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VICTAL-Maria Lobo (Min) beloved wife of Augusto Victal, died at Kowloon Hospital, at 12.30 am. Funeral will pass the Monument nt 5.30 p.m. to-day. (Mucau and Shanghal papers please copy). No wreaths by request.
The
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Tuesday, February 6, 1940.
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THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph" Is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate news which i atrietly copyright water the provisions of the Telecontauni- cations Ordinance. 1936. Such news bear the Indleation "UP" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication hy the United Press Associations, who r Arve all rights and forbid republication. either wholly or in part without previous Arrangement
Finland's Struggle
It is almost ten weeks since Russin opened fire on the freedom of Finland. The situation upon which the Soviet dictator looks forth from the Kremlin is for different from his intentions. Finland's armies have flung back the Russian hosts, while her towns and her women and children steadfastly endure the horrory of bombing. Buffled in every sector of the fighting front, the Soviet seek vengeance by air attack on towns and villages. One of them, Viborg, the second elty of Finland, is also under bombardment. This particular atrocity may have given special pleasure in Moscow, for Viborg was founded 600 years ago to guard the marches of civilisation. The Russian air force has paid heavily for its raids, the Russian army can- not maintain the offensive, and over 200 miles of front is reeling back. the Mannerbalm Line Attacks on
across the isthmus, the short straight; way Info Fluland, have become cumu- latively unsuccessful.
Reports of the fighting show that
in everything but numbers-strategy, | tactics, efficiency of weapons and in-
dividual Aghting power-the Finns
masses.
R
ADOLF: "Of course, it's only a loan, old boy!"
To help Finland we must
BEAT HITLER
USSIA has refused the appeal of the League of Nations, of which sho once professed herself the most ardent of members.
Her aggression in Finland continues. And at a formidably increased pace. With at least a inillion and half of men and more than a thousand war- planes, Stalin now sets himself to crush without mercy the pigmy nation which has dared to fight for its own soul.
What can we do to help Finland? That question is being asked all over Britain. Millions of men und Women who recognise in Rezala's attack an act as brutal as any In history, ask it with a bewild- ered feeling of frustration. We went to war with Germany to stop aggression. They endorsed that decision. But where, they now ask themselves, will be the end of civili- sation's fight against barbarism?
FIRST
By Francis Williams
been so weakened that it no longer has quiclcat power to take effective action against a mighty lawbreaker. It can do little more than condemn the crima.
Nor can France and Britain alone take upon themselves the active defence in every part of the world of those moral standarda which are the joint heritage of all the nations of Western elvilisation, Including the great United States.
Three wars are being waged at the same time in the world to-day. Each is the result of brutal aggres- alon by a strong Power against a We cannot intervene.auc- cessfully in cach.
Why. I have been asked, do wo give only our blessing to Finland, when fur Poland, a country less democratle-and-less advanced, we-weak. fight with all our forces?
Why do we not even give to Fla- Jand the aid of economic Sanctions we gave to Abyssinia?
There is, of course, a practical answer to these questions. We are engaged in a life and death struggle with a powerful and un- relenting fos. We cannot afford to dissipate our forces.
The strength of the League has
To undertake a task beyond our achievement would not be to defend Western civilisation. It would be to risk its final defeat.
That danger we should incur if we set ourselves limitless objec tive. The essential first objectivo is the defeat of Nazism,
It is the most necessary because Nazism, by its whole record, is proved the most persistent of Aggressora. Decolt, aggression and domination are not incidental to Nazlam. They are an integral part
of its philosophy. Morcover the declared scope of Nazi ambi;Jons offers the most direct threat.to Western Europe. And if the de- mocracies of Western Europe and the British Commonwealth fail then indeed will the lamps of European civilisation splutter into darkness, leaving America the solitary and perhaps transient in- hertter of that great tradition.
Amidst the darkening storm of barbarlam which confronts us, one thing surely is clearer than ever before.
It is that the democratic system is the one essential foundation of civilised living nationally and in- ternationally.
I do not doubt that there are groups within Britain and within France with imperialist ambitions hardly less ruthless than those of Hitler and Stalin and with con- selences no less blunted,
But they are kept in control by the force of democratic public
to opinion which conseя
hva authority under dictatorshi
A
THE FINNISH WAR IS 9 WEEKS OLD IT IS-
A Monument of Bad
Russian
Staff
WHEN Germany attacked Russlags would not like this expinna- Į
Poland she did so with
Work
Their operations on land were no tion.
less casual. They employed second- The Russians would blame the line troops,. Knowing that the wea a superiority of about two to ground over which they have to ther, even in the south, was normally ono in man power, and certainly operate. Poland had one of the cold enough to freeze the lakes in rather more in machine power. hardest frontiers to defend; Finland When Russia attacked Finland tho has one of the hardest to attack.
The lakes and forests of the south
November, they neglected to provide
the men with underwear.
Knowing that to obtain resistance
did so with a superiority of about and centre, the rocks, hills, and bitter to cold a nubstantial diet containing
farty to one In man power.
Having herself a plentiful supply cold of the far north,
set
have
sent their men into actiori they proportion of fats in essential, under-nourished to the point of semi- starvation.
were far superior to the Invaders. The story of the march of waves of Russian infantry across the ice of frozen lakes, mowed down on that i clear teld of fire by Finnish artillery 1 the lee broke under the barrage. recalls the evening of Austerlitz, But the lakes of Finland are bigger and dendiler than the lake on which Napoleon's guns caught the Russian So far Moscow has conspired most successfully to keep the extent of these reverses from lis own people. The very existence of a wer, hos barely been acknowledged in the curiously reticent communiques. But of tanks, heavy artillery and aircraft, an exceedingly difficult problems
But the Russian General Staff had there is evidence that the veil of she pitted herself against a small secrecy is at last being pierced and Power deftient in all these respects, every opportunity of finding out
They had a colossal superiority in that an uneasy realisation is growing and the Finns were for from strong beforehand, and they should
numbers, a conalderable superiorliy framed their plans accordingly. that there have been some miscalcu- in anti-tank guns.
This they failed to do. Whether in mlitary material. They made it- lations about the cary triumphs that Germany, in fact, attacked an
It was their own miscalculation or
tle un had been expected. Casualties on opponent far more formidable than such a seale cannot be concealed for Finland. She encountered some re- Stalin's, they made their plans or other of the one, poor use of the At the outsel only 300,000 of their an indefinite time, Unomeially the verses, but after three weeks-and the fooling, not that they were to fallure to win a lightning victory may before the Russians stab in the back face a campaign, but that they were millions of men were deployed on be attributed to the strength of the virtually paralyzed Pollah resistance merely to enjoy a walk-over.
the Finnish frontier. Now the figure Mannerheim Line and the natural ---Poland wo a defeated nation. They attempted to terrorise the has been brought up to 500,000, It advantages of Finland. These things, What progress has Russia achieved Government and people by aerial still remains far short of that decisive apparently, dictatorship could no in the same period?
bombing. They inflicted a good deal superiority of at least three to one more foresee than the cold of winter.
She has, a great cost, made a of damage, but were surprised to find which is generally essential for an The Finns admit heavy losses of successful attack In the for north. their bombers assailed by furious attack, their own, and they out-numbered as She has made a dangerous thrust anti-aircraft fire.
The Russians, too, have often nation 40 to one, must husband their cross central Finland to the Gulf
The Russian Fleet took a hand shown little skill in their choice man-power. All history shows that of Bothnia. Against the strong Fin- by undertaking with is notoriously weapons. Although the Finns are Russian military effort on the offen-nish defences in the south of Finland one of the most unprofitable of oper- weak in anti-tunk weapons, the Rus- olve in far inferior to its defensive she has made practically no progress atlons of war in bombarding from slans have suffered severe lossen in power. The invation of Finland was
the sea a port where land batteries tanks. That is largely because they plainly handicapped by incompetent What is the explanation of Ger- were stationed.
employed heavy tanks in soft snow; direction and training, defective many's quick remilts. Russia's · nlow They treated Hango' ná it it wore theso naturally got stuck and pres-, urmament and lack of supplies, Com-
a harmless fishing village, and were ented easy targets. muntentions in Russia are still in-.
In the first pince the Finns have surprised to find that they had one Where, as in the for north, light odaquate to the needs of a large army
no disloyal minorities to furnish spies of their ships sunk and several dam-tanks have been used much better fighting on or beyond the frontier.. -though for diplomatic reasons "the laged.
results have been obtained.
n
ut all.
une37
of
Democracy imposes upon
ruler. the standards of toleration and fair dealing which rule in the ordinary affairs of decent men and
women.
Dictatorships. corrupted by absolute power, set themselves above all common standards.
We are fighting to re-establish the authority of those standards.
To that authority the greatest immediate danger is Nazism.
I do not minimize the danger of Stalinism.. I do not deceive myself, as some still do, that Stalin's Com- maniam holds within itself any thing truly socialist. I think Communism in any true socialist sense came to an end when-Stalin secured complete control and murdered all those who had been the planeers of the new order.
Stalin will go his own course andeterred by socialist philosophy. But he will not, 1 think, remalo unaffected by the success of the Western democracies in their war against Hitlerism.
Hia aggression has been carried on under the shadow of Nazb aggression. If that shadow re- treats, we may see another change of policy in Russia.
Our paramount task remains then that of victory in the war against Nazism. But what then? By that time, unless by some miracle, the story of David and Goliath is repeated. Independent Finand may have ceased to exlat.
Ilow then can the free nations repay their debt to a gallant and democratic people?
There is one way in which they can try. It is this.
When the war is won there will be a
a peace conference. If that conference is to be of any value it must be something more than a meeting of victors
etors and defeated. It must be a genuine effort to build a new world order.
At that conference we should do
two things. We should set up
machinery for International co- operation which, unlike the League of Nations, shall be economic as Well as political,
We must make membership of the new League, or Federation- whichever it is-economically ad- vantageous. We must make peaceful co-operation pas. And
wo must make it a serious eco- nomic disadvantage to any nation to remain outside, to resign, or to adopt such n policy as to force expulsion.
That is the only way to bind the- nationa together in an organika- tion of international law which will not collapse under the Brot Gorious strain.
00
We should invite Russin to join oa condition that she abandons aggression. And or condition that she allows the people of Russian Poland and of Finland a free vote to decide for themselves on their independence.
I think such an offer, with the advantages acceptance would give. would be hard for even Stalin to reince.
We cannot help Finland now
as much as we would ko.. But we must pledge ourselves to re- member her when the new Europe. is being shaped.
The first nine weeks of the Fin- nish campaign have been a mònu... ment of bad staff work,