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'HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
January 30, 1940.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Tuesday, January 30, 1940.. Wyndham St., Hongkong
Telephone: 20015
THE preux "special to the Telegraph" In mied by the “iftongkong Telegraph to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisoris of the Telecomitii- cations Ordinance, 1836, Auch nowy AN
bears the Indication "Up" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, where serve all rights and forkle republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangement.
Balkan Peace
The Balkan peasant, whose num-
has not yet inflamed the fanaticisms
acted on example. There ore So many demands on record, and so
many determined refusals. Hungary from
has wanted Transylvania Rumania, while Bulgarin asks from her the Southern Dobruja, with a
STALIN STALIN WANTS
R
USSIA'S increased in- fluence in the Baltic during recent weeks.
is obviously related to the ambition of the Soviet
GREAT
A
NAVY
leaders to make the U.S.S.R. in one they upset the balance of from one or two modern cruisers about six of these ships are
garded
when
Soviet fluenced by, Italian design, and
One
some nine years ago, and the
a large Russian destroyer of similar dimensions, the Tash- kend, was completed last year by Italian shipbuilders.
Three capital ships of 35,000 are projected, and it is
a great naval Power, which all. It is perhaps for that rea- and two flotillas of destroyers completed. They have been in it certainly is not at pre- son that shipbuilding has been built or building, the sent. This idea of a power- the least successful of the Rus- Fleet consists for the most part ful Russian Fleet is as old sian industries since the Revolu- of "museum pieces."
tion. In fact, the total output The capital ships, of which bers make him the most important as Peter the Great, who, of the Soviet shipyards since there are three, were laid down person in that part of the world, poor, however, had certain ad- 1917 has been something less in 1909 and completed in 1915. illerate, litting his soil in an ancient, vantages over the existing than a normal year's output They have undergone several tons
understood that the first of S. MOUTRIE & CO., LTD. unprofitable way, will count himself rulers of Russia. Peter had from the. Clyde alone. alterations and improvements,
Jucky that the madness to the north the wisdom to know that the formidable enough in a peaceful known to be unsatisfactory, but in view of the time taken by These problems, which are but their general condition is these is to be laid down at Leningrad some time this year, on which his own rulers have been first essential in building a Europe,
manufactured and it is doubtful if they would the Russian shipbuilders to build nourished. The cynical might be large fleet entailed not only products essential to shipbuild- be of any fighting value.
mention surprised that in this most turbulent the acquisition of naval ing and marine engineering can of these vessels, the Pariskaya- destroyers -- not to region acquisitiveness has not yet bases, but also the building be freely imported, may be re- Kummuna, which was formerly cargo ship it will be many of ships, and that in turn with three of the greatest Euro- made a voyage to the Black Sen
as insuperable to-day the Sevastopol, built in 1911, years before we see a modern Russian-built capital ship. It is indeed doubtful if the battle- meant the creation of a pean Powers at war. shipbuilding industry.
Four Strategic Positions reason for her remaining, there ships have got further than the design stage, which, to the With that object in view The Soviet authorities have is said to be her inability to risk Russian mind, often means as Peter went to the Thames to always been reticent with re- the return voyage to the Baltic. much as the completed job. study the art and craft of gard to their shipbuilding pro- Two cruisers of about 8,000 ship construction, and if to-day duction, but in view of the tons, carrying 7.Finch ~~gunsTM
example of Stalin were to follow that ex- tonnage they have ordered from have been completed in recent ample by a few months' ship abroad and the many old ships years, and two or three others Russian enigma is the Soviet building training on, say, the which they have still in service, are reported to be under cons- mercantile marine. There, too, Clyde, Belfast, or the North- it is obvious that their own in- truction. These cruisers, a 12, the greatest secrecy has been Russia with the knowledge that meeting Soviet requirements. East Coast he would go back to dustry is still a long way from 000-ton aircraft carrier (con- observed, but, following years verted from a half-built cruiser of the utmost reticence relating more Five-Year Plans than he Numerically, particularly laid down in 1914), a cruiser to their merchant navy, the will Hve
Soviet authorities went to the ' to 800 carried with regard to submarines, the minglayer of 3,500 tons, and
a few months through would be necessary to Soviet Fleet is believed to be few large destroyers are the other extreme reorganise Russia's shipbuilding considerable, but that Fleet has latest units of the Soviet Flect, ngo by publishing a "Register industry to a standard commen- to protect strategic positions Eight large destroyers, which of Shipping of the US.S.R.," surate with the sea-power ambi- in the Baltic, the White Sea, the are really light cruisers, each which contains more details and tions of the Soviets.
Black Sea, and the Far East. of about 2.700 tons displace particulars of ships than any (to quote ment and fitted with 5.1inch existing shipping register. No- Submarines alone Signor Mussolini) do not make guns, have been under construc- fewer than 29 columns are de- great naval Power, and in tion at Leningrad in recent voted to each vessel. According other classes of tonnage, apart years. It is understood that to this register, which is in
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from Greece.
plece, perhaps, of Macedonia from "Yugo-Stavia"and"a" port on the Ægean This time of general insecurity, with the great law- abiders and the great inwless cupied elsewhere, might have seemed ideal for the armed pursuit of some of these aims, which, often enough, are almost affairs of conscience with those who follow them. One such attempt would have plunged the whole Balkans. Into militant chaos. Why has che not yet been made?
it
is, of course, possible that even anong these peoples the effects of modern But war are seen for what they are. there are active elements of stability, and
of the most powerful among them is the Influence of Italy. Italy, in her stronger periods, has
one
Kalinin's Advice
Naval construction and the ship-building industry have been always looked towards South-eastern more or less neglected by "the Europe. In the Middle Ages her first of two Five-Year Plans, rulers allled themselves by marriage although Kalinis, the President 10 the royal houses of Serbia, of the Supreme Council of the! Hungary, and Bulgaria. The mer- U.S.S.R., has been exhorting the chants of Venice held the commerce Soviet shipbuilders to overtake of the Levant in their hands, and the foremost capitalist Bea when the Turks swept into Southern Europe they found in this city one Powers." So far the "Bolshevi- of their must obstinate enemies. This sation" of the Navy and the Hinc of history leads Italy quite shipbuilding industry has not naturally into the Bolkans to-day been helpful. Commissare and She has now another reason for wishing
of these naval officers do not make a States. Russian Communism is team, and is not surprising that attempting march westwards; discipline should go by the board from Hungary's new frontier
With
when the political chiefs take priority over the officers trained in naval strategy.
the peacefulness
to
Russia It is little more than the hundred miles to the Italian border.
It is not only that a Russian ap- pearance in the Balkans brings a
As for shipbuilding, the prob- second Great Power within striking distance of Italy, but that it would lems which confront the Soviet mean the spread of a doctrine which authorities are obvious. It is! Italy, with the Papacy, considers the the greatest of all assembling great modern evil. For Italy the industries, and is therefore the
Russion entry into Bucharest would be: ittle different most difficult to nationalise from that shock which Europe ex- Buccessfully. Innumerable other perienced when the infidel Turks trades and industries are as- Imocked at the gates of Vienna in
effect of a
1683. Italy's regard for the Balkonsociated with shipbuilding, and is a discreet compound of interests if inefficiency and intrigue occur and ideals, War in the Balkans would mean heavy material losSUS for her, and she would naturally seek to restrain iu cœuBOS.
the German troops on her frontier. Every effort Italy makes for peace int The one hope of tho Balkon
the Balkana will strengthen ler, for States' withstanding that possible if that peace collapses the way des expansion of the war begun to the open to Germany, which, while north, which it is one of Italy's de- Russla la no more than a threat, is the real danger to Balkan independence, clared objects to ovoid, is for their amicable settlement or postponement
The British alliance with Turkey and of their own elalma
each guarantees to Rumania and Greece other. Italy's teak and respon- themselves form the basis of a system sibility are
The Balkan which aims at keeping two aggressive great. Entente (Rumania,
Yugo-Slavin, glants out of that corner of Europe. Turkey, and Greece), should it- It is a system with which Italy, whose self be a stabilising force, but it has 'aim la n Balkan pesce, should sym
pathiso and which she could do much lost most of its strength by Yugo- Slavia's unhappy consciousness of
to support.
GRIN AND BEAR IT
150
Mercantile Marine
Another
the
Russian and English, the Soviet merchant fleet comprises some
vessels,
compared with.
By Lichtyout 9,000 ships in the British
"I think mayba | outa sec a oculist, Otto! I been souin" double lately!"
Empire merchant navy.
Many of the Russian ahips. are foreign-built, mainly British, including about 100 cargo vessels built in British.. shipyards before the Revolution, while tonnage below 1,000 tons: gross includes some vessels built in this country over 70 years. ago.
An analysis of this new re- gister of Soviet shipping was given in the "Shipbuilding and: Shipping Record" of October 12, in which it was stated that only half of the ships on the register can be of use as ocean-going shipping, the remainder being- miscellaneous craft such as barges, coasters, and trawlers. It
WAR added that of the Russian-built ships of over 1,000. tons entered in the register most have been built at the Leningrad Shipbuilding Yard and the Baltic Shipbuilding and. Engineering Works.
The Leningrad yard has built 16 vessels and the Baltic yard. about 29, all below 5,000 tons. Above that figure are some half- dozen ships of about 6,000 tons, most of which have been built by the Sormovo Works, All these new ships from the Rus
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