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HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
December 9, 1939.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Saturday, December 9, 1939. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 26016 THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph" issied by the "Siongkong Telegraph to indiente news which 1 strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecomm cations ruinance, 1936. Such news
ears the indication "UP la received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Autociations, who re-
and forbid either wholly or in part without previous Arrangement
--
A
They are Repeating
History
N
OW we know what the Russo- German Pact portended.
The explanation of one of the most astounding examples of a | lightning volte, free is just tor- ritorial greed and the prospect of loot. Presumably the great est political crime of the Eigh- teenth Century is to be repeated in the Twentieth.
Instead of Frederick the Great we have Adolf Hitler: instead
the of
Empress Catherine, Joseph Stalin; while Hitler has to double the part of the succes- sor of Maria Theresa. Well, be has all the lusty appetite of that lady but not the "conscience" which so amused her partners in the crime, especially the Semiramis or Messalina of the North.
new
*
some
THERE is nothing new, there
fore, in a Russo-German Agreement, રાષ્ઠ
people seemed to suppose, and nothing
in the baseness of it origin. The floor is strewn with the remnants of such agree ments, which implies that they have not been lasting. What Power Of Empire
would indeed be new would be MR. MENZIES, the Australiana Russo-German Pact inspired by Prime Minister, has reiterated as a bon motif, the Empire's watchword the state- ment made in 1936 by Mr. Stanley Baldwin that Britain's frontier is
on the Rhine.
The assertion applies equally to the whole Empire, as Mr. Menzies York Bidg. points out. If England falls, the
***** | whole Empire falls with her.
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Rattled: Christian Science, the Selence of Christ Healing
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LONDON, ENGLAND
Member of the Board of Lectureship of the Mother Church, The First Church of Christ, Scientist, In Boston, Massachusetts
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Teuton and Slav have been uneasy neighbours in spite of long and close acquaintance and in spite of the steady infiltra- tion of German culture into Russin in Tsarist days.
Their temperaments Arc niwnys fundamentally different and often epposed. But the superler commer- clal aptitude of the Germans gave them a powerful standing in Russin before the war: and German in Buence was very streng at the Rus- alilances of the Remanoffs with the sian Court, owing to the family Hohenzollerns and other German Royal and Princely. Houses.
|
by
J. B. FIRTH
He would have been well content to see Great Britain and France, ex- pecially the former embroll them- selves with Russia-as they had done in Crimean days-by, espousing the cause of Turkey. Each would have weakened the other and Germany might have snatched something hand- some in the way of compensation.
During the long crisis which pre- ceded the Congress of Berlin Bis- murch neither helped nor hindered. Congress Streif he was at his peak., He watched and waited. At the
"Do not force me to choose between whispered to Gortchakoff. He was a Russia and Austria-Hungary," he Juggler, as his successor
sald, who could keep five balls in the air at once when no one else could keep] more than two or three.
Absolutely realist and cynical: he encouraged. Powers to quarrel if their falling out made easier the path of a future German advance. Germany
was on the march.
Bismarck wanted no concert of Europe which was Mr. Gladstone's "ideal" in foreign polley, and when in 1880 Gladstone's fleeting success over the Dulcigno incident had been torgotten Bismarck neutralised the effect of it by persuading the Three Emperors to sign a Convention at
the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles
Berlin providing for the closing of if the Tear should deem that Rus sla's interests required it. That was n itandsome sop to throw to Russia and it cost nothing, for Germany's Interest in Constantinople at that time was small.
PODLE
ECONOMIES EXAMINATION "TOSTPONED
"Shucks—now we'll have to romomper that stuff for another day!"
ISLANDS IN THE NEWS
HE Finnish-owned. But whoever holds the Islands Aalands in the Baltic holds the key to the Baltic ne
to the Mediterranean. largest wind-jammers-are in the news.
A famous German strategist once summed up the position
Statistically they are not thus. impressive. The group of "Ownership of the Aaland 300 islands has a total of Islands is a supreme strategic 515 square miles. The popu-question for Germany. They lation mostly Swedish- not only flank and protect the speaking -numbers only to Leningrad and Russia's most
www.
27,180 people. His secret "Reinsurance Treuty" was truly Hitlerlan. By it he had pledged Germany to aid Russia in re-establishing a new regime in_Bul-! varia, and to give Russia moral and diplomatie support if she decided to close the entrance to the Black Sca.
This celebrated example of the arti of double-crossing in high politlesi was kept a close secret from his Austrian ally for many years, and was twice renewed. But in 1890 its; renewal was refused by Germany, much to Russia's astonishment.
Bismarck. By that time the pilot Refused by Germany, but not by
had been dropped and Caprivi wes Chancellor in his place, with the dark and sinister Holstein installed as chief expert adviser on policy in the German Foreign Office. This refusal marked an important turning-point in Germany's international policy. Her
Each Dominion and Colony is fighting for the same cause as the Motherland-that cause all the world with a free Press known.
Testimony to what the British before the Empire is has come world from every corner of that Empire Cabinet Ministers and
For 20 years Bismarck made it the representatives of the Dominions cornerstone of his policy to keep on and India recently assembled in good terms with Russia. It was one of his favourite maxims that the wire London for the Imperial War Con-between Berlin and St. Petersburg-ulers had begun to look to the East. ference to consider with members must never on any consideration be The Drang nach Osten had already of Britain's Cabinet how best each cut. Not active help but Russia's been mapped out..
passive acquiescence was what he nation in the British Common-needed, and he was ready
pay the wealth could contribute to the price. In 1803 the price was a pledge common taak of vindicating the to send Prussian troops us and whenkeener interest in the prospective required to help Russia to put down cause of freedom.
an insurrection of the Poles in Ruse sian Poland,
year. ... For
and
to
*
*
ERMANY was taking a much
provinces distribution of Turkish which then seemed imminent, and she was prepared to assume a more active role in thwarting Russin's nd- vance towards the supreme goal of her aspirations for centuries-Con- stantinople.
៧
Twenty years later, when the Ger- mans began to send military missions come paramount with the Sultan, and the Baghdad Railway scheme was on the road to completion. Such striking change in the temper of Russo-German relations was one of the most important factors in the: International altuation. But the hands which in the troubled and tortuous interval had controlled Germany's palley were not the cool, steady hands Caprivi, Hohenlohe, of Bismarck, Buelow, Bethmann-Hollweg, not one of them --not even Buelow, for all his versatility and smartness could hold a candle to Bismarck, and all, in turn, were hampered by the rest- less vanity of a Kaiser who wished to be Kaiser and Chancellor too.
Germany, already committed to the
direction only, but in many,
The Dominions are not suffering from British exploitation. Each
In those days there were Germans determines its own policy. Their oven Prussians--who dared stand millions of people, their great up for Freedom, and Bismarck's pro- resources are on the Motherland's Russian policy was widely execrated, He pold no heed and held on his side because, as the Prime Minia-way, for what he secured in return ter of Canada has put it, they are was a free hand to settle the ques-to Turkey, German fufluence had be- convinced that only by the destruction once and for all as to whether Prussia or Austria should be the tion of Hitleriom can the nations leader of the German States. of the British Commonwealth con
That vital part of the problem of tinue to enjoy their present German unification was solved on liberties and the world be saved the field of Sadowa. What remained from a descont to barbarism. received its irrevocable solution at Sedan, Russia being still quiescent Hopes, we know, wero cherished and not at all foth to see the fall of in the dictatorships that the the French Empire. So Bismarck of Empire would never again stand found himself over the mountains,“ together in war, Those delusions and had nothing more to fear: are gone with the snows of yester-
Then came the period of the speedy ♫
decisive Preikaiserbund, a loose association of 189ue to the war this concentration the three monarchs of Russia, Ger- many and Austria-"the Northern of power is of the first importance. Conspiracy" as Disraeli once called The vast resources of the British it. Germany was now well on tep Empire are already organised in in Europe, and Bismarck made her pursuit of world-power, and that not the common cause, Economic co-hegemony, even marc secure by in one oporation one of the most im- denwing Austria close to her. The was astride the path of Russia in portant objectives now attained. Habsburgs had not abated their am- Turkey and the Far East. It stands
Chancellor
Russia to encouraged All the Colonies are doing, their bitions: they looked to the Balkans on record how the Kaiser and his utmost to help with raw materials as the field for Austrian expansion.
overthrow the pretensions of Japan Both hoped for Russia did the same.
East ond and. foodstufe. The
to domision in the Far prevailing spirit throughout the lands which the major of the Sick Man's posses
sions. But Austria by herself could egged her on to fight a war which owe allegiance to the King is that make no hend against Russia, she
was not only ruinous to her military expressed by Mr. Frasor, the gave no pledge of help. as she was prestige, but inflamed every revolu Acting Prime Minister of New mad enough to do in 1914. Russia tionary activity in Rusala with re- newed, hapes of overthrowing the Zealand, when he promised every was cautiously kept in play..
Teardom, man and every inch of the produc-
*** tive capacity of his country to the service of the Allies. Expansion IN 1092, after his dismissal. His
marck looked back on the games of Dominions is being strenuously pressed on. Their mineral wealth he had played an the European and their developing manufacturing chequer-board, and wrole: capacty will be of great value in the preparation of that collaborative effort by Canada, Australia, Now Zealand and the United Kingdom to
1 Air Force of overwhel- | strength. The world-wide Association of free peoples In tho British Commonwealth has tho mon, material and machinery to put into the field fighting nowor which can ensure the triumph of freedom...
NEXT ON THE LIST?
entrance to the Gulf of, Finland,
important harbours, but also prevent an enemy entering the Gulf of Bothnia.
☆
THE Aaland Islands in the wrong hands would be a per- manent danger to, a German Fleet in the Baltic, and to ore
Thumbnail Story transports from Sweden to
Of Rumania
Rumania is one of the world's principal corn-producing coun- Aries. and the chief food of the people there is corn meal. It isualy boiled as-mush "and called mamaliga" A real any of the poorer peasants haven't much else to eat, When fortunate, they put butter on it, and call it "mamalle: unt." On special occasions they eat it with fried onions, and then B's delicious "mamalinga cheapa."
сп
few years ago when the world economic crisis was at lis height Titulescu, still Rumania's leading diplomai, gave a rousing Interview to a group of journ- alista, -saying Rumania would have to economisc. Everybody would have to go on a diet of "corn meal and onions," he de- clared. It would have made many a peasants's mouth water.
**
It sounded like a Sunday dinner.
"Branza cu smetana" is a de- lightful and widely used dish. Branza in this case is white cottage chees and smetana is a sort of sweet cream of the con- sistency of thick molasses, This In a dessert used before the fuel dessert and coffee. In a good Rumanian meal there is a whole series of desserts.
As in all Balkan lands, sour milk is a staple Rumanian food. Many Rumanian cities abound in "milkerles," where one ean get very cheap, wholesome vis- tgal: lint, bolled sweet milk, arillotally poured milk, crgs and bread. Many of these stops are conducted by Bulgarians.
A large part of Bucharest's vegetables are raised by ‘Bul» rarlan gardeners. They leano land near elty, live in Profi-tharing colonies directed by a chief who given to each member bis part, work extreme- ly hard, and go home Jato cach fall to spend the winter with their families.
Germany.
"The Islands also control the important Finnish harbours of Raumo, Hango and Abo. They are also stepping-stones from the-Finnish----mainland-to Sweden's capital, Stockholm,”
No wonder that in her negotia- tions with Finland Russia has sought control of these im- portant strategic islands.
These little black dots in the | Baltic are a vital part of Stalin's
dream-domination of the Bal-
tic.
As successor to the Tsars---by a rather indirect line, of course -the present occupier of the Kremlin also seems to have a hankering after the territories which were formerly part of the old Russian Empire. Conquest of Eastern Poland was the first stop. Finland and the Aaland Islands are next on the list.
Collapse of Imperial Russia freed Finland, which then begume an in- dependent repabile, But for some of the Aaland Islands
time
woo
Finland claimed them. So did Sweden. The matter was referred to the League of Nations and the Flana won the toss.
By treaty the Aaland Islands were for many years a "demitarsed" zone-but so was the Rhineland for that matter.
*
S the marching feet of Hitler's soldlers bent their monotonous tattoo on the war drums of Europe, Finland became alarmed and began refortifying her. Aaland Islands,
Hitler had spoken, so often of the ["drivo to the East" that an eventual clash between Germany and Russia seemed inevitable. Finland know that Germany's first move in such a war would be to seize those vital islands and so bottle up the Russian lacet.
Of course Russia is also well aware
During the years that Russin pain- fully and slowly recovered Germany ing for German use the cornfelds of of these German designs. That is. kent Europa on tenterhooks.
When Germany for the first time the Ukraine? I do not think so. why Stalin is taking no chances with got her heel on Russia's neck she There is no love between them, "Comrade" Hiller. He is determined dietated the Peace of Brest-Litovak, W the Fuehrer welcome the ex- to forestall any German move in the compared with which the "Dictat of posure of his German soldiers to the Baltic by jumping in first and strking "The Prince (Le. himself) has Versailles" was almost mild, and she contagion of Bolshevik propaganda, If a prior claim to the Aaland Islands. never been of the opinion that the
Across the Baltic chessboard Hitler support of Rukain's plans should be camped her armies of occupation in and when they make contact? On the business of German diplomnts, the rich lands of the Ukraine and the contrary, he will dread it like the and Stalin sit facing each other. but he has held the view that it the Crimen, with full intention of plague. was not for Germany to hamper cattle and coal.
drawing permanent tribute to corn, Russia in carrying out her projects. Herein lies a great difference. The business of blecking the Russian advance naturally belongs to the Powers where interests. would directly suffer. from Russin's advance.
TTAS
4S Russia forgotten that incident? I do not think so. Is Stalin persuaded that Hitler has renounced his old and earliest dream of sccur-
The Aaland Islands are just a Those who remember the Joint pawn in the game. Nobody asks the Austro-Prussian attack on Denmark Inhabitants, who scrape a poor living in the early sixties of last century out of the sandy soil, what they will call to mind that soon after they think.
But in that respect they are in the had overcome the Danish resistance they turned their weapons against one same position as tho inhabitants of: another. Something of the same all strategic talands.
HARRY GREGSON. kind may happen again.