Thursday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
November 2, 1939.
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"Peace". Tactics
AGGRESSION, Monsieur Mole- toff would have us believe, is no longer aggression once the deed is accomplished.
Comrades
"And whether one mcmber suffer, all the members suffer anith it or our member be honoured, all the members re- fotce with II. CORINTHIANS, xil, 26.
Rev. Pat McCormick, vicar of THE P-the-Fields, stood in the lofty pulpit of his spoke of Fellowship.
church and
"In the last war." he sald, "we knew the great value of the fellow- ship which was learned In the trenches. We realised that comrade- ship which overcame all roaks. And we must do so again, for the sale of our country and the cause for which we are fighting.****
BIENVENUE! MON AMII " "WOTCHER, CHUM!"
How the
convoy system operates
BY COMMANDER H. PURSEY
Germany and Russia having "onnobled" the Polish people, Le want nothing better than to left along with their spoils, arul anyone who disturbs them threatens to wrest back from them the fruits of their aggression himing to his long and varied services for the protection of our mer-
or
The virar of St. Martin was a chaptala in South Africa and in the Inst war. He was decorated with the Distinguished Service Order for gallantry, and that Sunday morning he wore two rows of meduls, testify- with the Forces of the Crown.
T
➡HE introduction, within a few days of the out- break of war, of the old-time convoy system
He addressed a huge congregation chant shipping is a great which occupied every sest in the advance on the tardy steps famous church, taken in th Great War, when bread nave of this the church which may well be said it was not adopted until after to be the parish church of London's nearly three years of hostilities. West End. It was a congregation Germany's present plan, as was which was different from the ardin- to be expected-with a fleet greatly ary assembly of people which in daya inferior to our own and the num- of peace meet below the blue and ber of her submarinca considerably gold decorated ceiling for Sunday less than at the height of the 1917 morning prayer.
U-boat campaign-is to make the use of her assassins of greatest while they have the
Rolf becomes the aggressor and the aggressor becomes the victim. It is one of the most fantastic arguments ever porpetrated by a responsible head of Government. Even Hitler himself could hardly be guilty of such fatuousness, ____M_Molutoff is not the world's most convincing advocate of Herr Hitler. His pleas to-day must strike chords of remembrance the passionate Soviet advocacy of
against
when Italy
the Ethiopian adventure was launch ed: the invitation to France and
Is back in his pulpit, enrrying on the Britain to joln Russia in march-traditions of the noble. Dick Shep- ing into Creclio-Slovakia when that country was dismembered,
war
the sea
In every other pew were serving b officers and men of all ranks-com- manders of the Royal Navy, majorsun! of the General Staff, squadron len- opportunity. ders of the Royal Air Force, ratings, aircraftmen, other ranka.
When the war broke out Pat Mc- Cormick was
д recovering trom severe illness which had kept him in But to-day he hospital for months.
pard in endeavouring to bring back the humanity of Christianity to those who pass by,
He selected as his theme the uni- versality of religion in times of dis- tress as expressed by St. Paul.
"There are
Certain losses on our side are Inevitable, but some of our recent casualties have been ships unable to reach a friendly port in time.
N the last war, for vari- ous reasons, the convoy system was not started until after Germany's unrestricted sub- marine campaign had begun and, in- deed, was not in full operation until some months afterwards.
This campaign began in February, 1917. when Germany announced that all ships, of whatever nationality, ap- proaching the British Isles would be liable to attack without warning.
In the following April the worst
sunk. This was at a greater rate than month. 430 ships of 852.000 tons were they could be replaced: while, on the other hand, U-boats were being cam
pleted faster than we were destroying thent.
The German success made it mani fest that unless something was done, and quickly, to reduce considerally our loases the end of the war in the rear future could be predicted with arių). metical precision,
Germany had based her prospects of winning the war on such calculations. but, as with many others of her plans. they wero completely upset by the adoption of new measures.
P
RACTICE of convoying merchant shipping In
[1
times of war was well-established one even in the
L
assemble at certain ports of departure. The masters are then informed of the procedure at eca, eniphasis being ind on the importance of correct säilon- keeping. darkening ship, zig-zagging, and the action to be inken in, the event of submarine attack.
The formation depends on the num ber of ships, their pisilisha ::; coluzans. and the distance apart of bath ships and columns, being arranged to pre- acnt the smallest corget to a cub- marine and to develop the maximanta defensive gunfire.
The naval occan escort, consisting of cruisers, armes inerchant cruizera. escort vessels or destroyers, la statimed around the convoy to ward off any al- tnck.
For further security the whole con- voy sicers zig-zag courses according to a prearranged plan, which makes it much more dificult for a submarine to make a mucesssful torpedo attack.
Among the advantages of onvoy is the fact that a submarine has only sne opportunity of attacking ships en masse, instead of striking at each ves sel separately. and the encart ships prevent this attack being made from A favourable position.
The sing of merchant ships by gunfire from a submarine, or by Bett-
part of the last war, is also stopped.
In the event of a torpedo altnek, whether the submarine. or only the path of the torpedo in sighted, ber pation is two and alte is instantly iunted down.
days of galling-ships,-but-thero-ing frequent occurrences in the early were various technical objections to its being adopted in the first two and a half years.ot the Great War. Among them were unnvoldable delay in holding up ships awaiting convoy, and the fact that it could only proceed at the speed of the lowest ship: the vast number of shipa to be. dealt with, and the small number of baval vessels available: the larger size of target later found to be no die. advantage-and the dimeulties of station-keeping with untrained officers Most of these objections proved themselves to be possible of solution. Delays could be reduced by organisa- tion, and station-keeping improved with training.
Experimental convoys were run from North America and Gibraltar with complete success, and the system was extended to the Mediterranean, North Sea and elsewhere, until practically all our abipping was protected in this manner.
The practice was, and is, for shipa to
In fact, M. Molotoff is crying peace where there is no peace, but rather diplomacy. He seems
"I would like to impress on you," willing to appear so naive as to
he continued, "Use necessity of work mlsundoratand the position of Ing together at this time. We must Britain and France in the tragedy work together as n Church and as a the Third Reich's invasion of nation, for we are members of one
another. Poland act in motion. Because
different forms of Poland has been shattered under fellowship. There is nothing like a the hammer blows of an oligarchy time such as this which can help us
learn more deeply and quickly the GRIN AND BEAR IT in Berlin. Molotoff aces nothing necessity of putting personal differ-i left for the Allies to Bght for. ences on one side. He overlooks the fact that the Allies pledges to Poland were symbols of a determination to stand against that ovil which the destruction of Poland also sym- bolises,
"We have all to make sacrifices all round, no matter what our station. But in that sacrifice remember it is
Divine
that ezonomy part of the
be remman suffering should not divorced from common rejoicing,
For in the darkest hour there is nlways something to rejoice over. Intentionally or otherwise, The act of herole suffering on the Rusala Is doing Reichsfuhrer one part may be cause for rejoicing on the other. For in this we are all Hitler one more favour by thus
members of one cause. stacking the diplomatic cards to mako a deal. in Herr Hitler's favour more moral. For it le not pesce M. Molotoft asks for. It is a surrender which could be-and probably would be-exploited by the Totalitarian Powers of at the simple, matter-of-fact way, in which Russia is one-as previous diplomatic surrenders and con- ccasions have, been.
"In the days to come du not look. on the bud things, but remember the many splendid things which are hap- pening around you. Think of the noble sacrifice made by many as part of the day's work. Why only this week there was, cause for great re- joicing amid all the present suffering which seaplanes picked up survivors of a ship sunk at sea. There was no parade el heroics, although there was great heralsm. Keep such things in your minds and it will aid you in taking your part in the fellowship of the Church and the nation.
"Thank God for what your fellow men are doing for what you can de yourselt in the common cause."
M. Moloto'a judgment that tho Allies have compromised their moral position by continuing the war after Poland collapsed, will not be taken vory seriously any. where in the world, coming' as it does from the Foreign Minister of the Soviet, appears less an offon- a government which has compro-sive for peace than an offensive mised its ideology and its proby "peaco". The cry of peace is vious assortations of peace-loving-now just another weapon in the nosa by its pre-wor deal with arsenal of dictatorial diplomacy. Hitler
When real peace is intended the The ascend round in the "peace peoples of the world will see that offensive", launched this time by their leaders heed its spokoamen.
71
By Lichty
BEAUTY SALON
Pierte
"Pierre tries the most daring experiments---to-day he used just plain soap and water on mal”
D
URING the last war I destroyer served in a employed on such con- voy work on the East Coast, and a auc cessful submarine hunt is vividly recaled.
In July, 1918, a convoy was altacked off Whitby by U.3. 110, 'À motor launch sighted the periscope and imme diately dropped a couple of depth charges. Another motor Jaunch rushed In and also dropped her CIES."
The
The U-boat's captain ordered a "crnal dive" but it was too late. explosions fombed her hydroplaner to "rine," and brought the submarino to the surface.
ILM. destroyer Garry rushed in ot high speed and rammed the submarine twice, causing her to capsize mud sink. Thirteen of her crew of 30 were saved. This U-boat was salved and taken *nle Jarrow dock.
Ο
NCE convoy
the soon
established,
system proved a triumphant success. From May, 1017, until the end of the war, 10,839 ships-or over bo per cont; of the total-were safely escorted.
In the same 10 months only 102 vas. sels were torpedoed while in convoy- number less than a quarter of thai for April, 1917
At present we have soverat advan tages as compared with any period of the Great War. Germany has less than half the number of submarines she had in 1917, and of this number, about sixty, 20 are of, a" small type which will probably restrict them to the North Sea
On the other hand, as is well known,' our anti-subinarine devices and de struction measures have made great progress in the last 20 years. Enemy Bubinarines have no defence against our depth-charges or our secret detee tion apparatus.
For over two years Mercantile Marine omeera nave - been receiving special courses at instruction in the defence measures to be taken in every posable emergency. This fear crewn have been trained to fight their defens. sive guns.
Though Germany may carry out ́s policy of "frightfulness by winking ships without warning, thus polley la doomed to fallure from the start.
Both the Navy' and the Merchant -Service have the greatest, faith in she,
organization and success ́of: Like, Com way system and, with the gallantry and devotion to duty of the officers and men. the almost immediato defest I of the present menacé at'ées is Mazurech