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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 October 23, 1939
The Neutrals
NEUTRAL countries, especially those bordering Germany, have already experienced enough to con- vince them that they will have many difficulties, which are likely to be intensified as the war goes on.
In its usual hectoring tone Ger-
LTD. many has commanded those of them with a European seaboard that they must oppose the British Navy's anti- contraband operations. Otherwise will consider them guilty Germany of unneutral conduct and take appropriate steps. So far from be- ing intimidated by this threat, the Dutch Government has set the pace for those concerned by announcing that it will not be dictated to in ita: Interpretation of neutrality.
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The German Government reveals much muxiety and anger about the British "blockade," and this in spite of the assurances it recently issued that it had sources of supply that would render the British measures. futile. The Nazis' sensitiveness on this subject must be interpreted as further evidence of Gormany's dangerous shortage of commodities eneential to the waging of a long
war,
She complains of un attempt to starve Gurman women and children, but it is of materinis directly necessary in warfore that she is thinking mainly. In пру саве,
what is the U-boat campaign but' an attempt to starve British women and children?
Some months ago, in estimating this country's prospects in a war that they felt to be inexorably approaching, our more pessimistic prophets took it as a matter of course that France and Britain would be opposed by the full strength of the Rome-Berlin Axis, with Japan in the Far East also doing her best to make things awk ward for us, and Spain, out of gratitude to her Nazi and Fascist friends for their assistance in the eivil war, probably adding to our difficulties in the Mediterranean.
That would indeed have been a burdensome situation for
the Western democracies, though, in fulfilment of their engagements to face it without flinching. As it
happens, the military position
much more favourable to the Allied
October 23, 1939.
The Allies'
Big Three
Here are pen pric- tures of the men who are leading the combin- ed services of France and Britain in the pre- sent war General Gamelin the Armies, Sir Edward Ellington the Air Forces, and Ad- miral Sir Charles Mor- ton Forbes the Navies,
General GAMELIN
ENERAL MARIE QUSTAVE QAMELIN, who has been in.
ested with more military power than any Frenchman sker Napoleon, has never captured the imagination of his fellow-country- men. Outside France even less is known of him.
Yet military experts regard him as the greatest living exponent of the complex art of modern war.. They speak of him as the logical chotee for supreme command of both French and British forces.
France has even created for him: a new military rank. She s made him General Commander- In-Chief of the French Forces. And that is a rank that makes even the baton of a Marshal o France lose a little of its glamour. What manner of man is he? fe conies of a line of distin guished officers...
★ *
At 8 Cyr Military Academy he attended
Jean the lectures of instructor who cast the die that put young Camelia at the top of his year, Its most brilliant studeat.
The name of thst instructor was Foch.
At 24 Gamelin was a full Heitenant, already a marked man with a geo- graphical survey of Algiers and Tunis to la cred!L
During the crucial Battle of the Marne, when it seemed as though the Oermats would achieve thele military objective, Paris, he was serving under" Joffre.
He was known at headquarters as an officer who set great store by philo sophy. in particular, by Bergson's teaching.
The German right had just been rolled unck Nerves, frayed and Even the greal Launted. relaxed. Joffre himself reacted. Only one man remained unruffled.
Joffre looked at this ofeer for a while. Then he remarked: "Well if this is philosophy, it is time alf generala were philosophers."
*
The officer, of course, was Onmelin, Who was the architect of that great victory? Whose was the plan that Lurned the German army?
"They say you were the author of that famous turning manœuvre? “ Students of war sometimes put this question to Gamelia.
He has but one answer, A terse: "Nonsense."
Nevertheless, you will And few mary experts who belleve anything
else.
War is the sole test of a soldier. Out of it Gamelin came with a repulation' second to none. He never messed a Job. He never tumbled.
When peace came he was recognised Among French military experts as the outstanding figure of the French Army. The war over, other work awalted blm. He was chosen to head the military mission to Brazil, a task calling for a different set of qualities: In 1925 he who arni to Syria to pul
Holidays With Pay
down the Druse rising. That meant dimeuit guerilla war and desert technique. He had only a handful of French colonial troops...
Two years later he was in com- mand of the troops in the Levant. Next he took over the 20 Army Corps. By 1930 he was Chief of Staf, four years later succeeding General Weygand as Vico-Presi- dent of the Bapreme War Council,
Be speaks little, but succinctly. This has resulted in the legend that he is shy. Nothing could be further from the truth,
He works long hours. But he is nover hurried. Daladier is said to hold him in profound respect, and with reason.
an
When Gamelin leaves the War un- Ministry he does so by an ostentatious exit.. Across the road and directly facing him are the windows of a room with especial significance for him.
For in that room, sixty-seven years ago, he first saw the light of day,
Admiral FORBES
DMIRAL EIR CHARLES MORTON FORBES has been Commander-in-Chief of the Home Ficet for more than a year.
generally re- If war came, ho garded as the man who will be supreme commander of the Bri- tish and French fleets. It is just possible that instead he might bo given a big job in Whitehall: the Admiralty believes in moving its leading men around briskly from command to command.
But on the whole Forbes is the favourite for the post of allied "Admiralissimo."
No influence or wire-pulling has laken him to his present position Ho is not one of your uncle-in-the-Admir alty auccesses. There seems to be no reason for having him as Commander of the Home Fleet except that he is Just the best man for the job.,
He is afty-eight years old and en- tered the service Uirough H.M.9, Bri- tannia when he was a boy of 14.
He His tastes are simple enough. hna a house near Virginia Water, and whenever he is there which is not very often he spends most of his time in shabby old clothes, gardening.
When he was only 22 he was chosen to specialise in gurnery. He became so efficient that he attracted the atten Lion of de Reebeck, who later became notorious as Commander-in-Chief at. the Dardanelica.
Forbes was several times under de Rocheck's command, and after the war broke out he went to the Dar- danelles as second-in-command of the
the Quee.. Elizabeth, then
naval wonder of the world.
Later he was recalled to the Grand Picet and mado Jetikcoe's Bing com- mander on board the Iron Duke.
So there he was, on the staff, when Jutland, the only great naval battle in a hundred yeara, came to be fought. His job during the battle was to plot on a map the ever-changing move- ments, of the British and German fieets. In did it so well that cold. preciso Jellicos praised him in dis- patches: "Forbes has always afforded me great assistance."
For his services ho was given a D.8.0.
. In November. 1017, be com- manded a cruiser of the Grand Fleet in the battle of Heligoland Bight. A year later he was present when the German High Scas Fleet surrendered unconditionally at Scapa Flow.
Since the war he has tund quite n number of Jobs on dry land, and from 1932 to 1934 he was Third Sea Lord.
He has know a good deal of domestic sorrow. His first wife died
Siegfried Line Hardships
Paris. MERMAN prisoners captured by the
In Building Trade French speak freely about bad
cause than many had dared to hope. italy, so far from proving a
conditions in the Sierfried Line and certain starter, has proferred to
SALISBURY, Rhodesia,
they state that the health of the de- exploit the benefits of peace.
The diapule in the building Indus- fenders is impaired by the recent cold Japan, estranged from the Axis by the Garmin-Soviet Pact, has also try no to whether employees should and damp weather.
have annual holidays with pay was Intimated har determination to referred by the National Joint Coun- Conditions in the amull concrete sland neido. In terms equally.ell of the industry, under the Indus blockhouses, holding the Siegfried emphatic, General Franco hea made trial Conciliation Act, to an arbitra-fine defenders, are apparently very it known that his country has had tor, Sir Robert Mcliwalne, the former hard and there is no odegnate pro- **** || vision for ventilution once the heavy enough of war to satisfy lis military judge.
In some cases there is only room
zeal
for,
long time to come. His award is in favour of annust doors have been closed. Hungary also holds aloof, although holiday with pay, the cost to be borne until recently she seemed to be by a fund contributed to equally by enough for a fire and when prolonged moving fast towards the totalitarian employees and employers.
attack prevints men going outside, bloc. None of the Balkan countries Blood Transfusion Service—AL Þ they have to slctp penc£cally stand- shows the slightest desire to be conference of the blond transfusioning up. The damp from the outside services of Southern Africa, held at penetrates into the linos and drips drawn into Hitler'a adventures.
In short, Gormany stands alone. Johannesburg recently, it was stated down the walls. The real test has to come. Hitherto that only two countries in the world
have, this service organised nationally 'Supplies it food have to be brought she has had to deal with cumparn-instand of locally, namely, Russia and trom: outside, probably under fire, au tivaly weak countries.. The task in Southern Rhodesia. Sufficient volun- during a prolonged attack with the west awaits her, and under tary blood donors are registered in heavy artillery, fire of communica conditions much more favourable to Southern Rhodesia to ensure that tions, men will be penned in damp the democracies than they were in some ars, available in every part of and cold blockhouses without food,
the Colony, no matter how remote. Leleep, or suelent alr.
1914.
GENERAL CAMELİN
SIR E. ELLINGTON
during the war, leaving him a son and a daughter,
In 1821 he married again. This time his wife was a Swedish woman, Marie Louise Berndtson She has borno him one daughter.
In 1931, while he was on naval exer- cises in the Adriatle, he learnt by wire- less pichsage that his elder daughter. Audrey, thet: 21,, was in Malta.
He nude a dash of 200 miles in destroyer, but was too late. She had died of pneumonia.
When two months ago units of the French Fleet visited the British Fleet In the Firth of Fort. Forbes, and the French Commander-in-Chief got on Which all the splendidly togelber.
more marks him down as the man to command the allied foeta.
He knows now a good deal about war preparations. He was in command during the Fleet's sudden mobilisation in last September's Czech eriala”And- from his flagship, the mighty Nelson. he has controlled this summer's slower but even fuller mobilisation.
Sir Edward. ELLINGTON
W
THO will be generalissimo of the Air? Tho likely cholce is a quiet, hand- some, grey-haired bachelor of 62, whose medium height and short, carefully
moustache, trimmed above tight lips give him a remark- ablo resemblance to Haig.
Inspector-General of the Royal Air Force, Bir Edward Leonard Ellington
ADMIRAL FORBES
is le known outside the ranks of the army and air force. He has kept well out of the timelight and shunned the spectacular.
6co him walking bristly in the street In short black. “ morning jacket and triped trousers, carrying an umbrella in one hand and a brief case in the other and you would take him for a fairly prosperous company director or
bank manager:
The face is kindly, but somewhat grim, indicating that he keeps ris emotions well under control. No photo- graph shows him with a smile or with even the suggestion of a laugh
Ho walka with a step that suggests he is digging his feet into the ground. und there is a peculiar lunge in his gali, suggesting eagerness to get on with the job.
*
Supreme qualification of Marshal of the Air Forca Sir Edward Ellington to be Generalissimo of the Air in his re- maritable record as soldier-airman
When he obtained his commission in the Royal Artillery as a young man of 20, the aeroplane was a dream of the zelentist,
Aitory men acoffed at the sugges- tion that the air machine could ever be a factor in war, but Captain Edward Ellington, R.A., showed his faith in his convictions by learning to fly in the fragile machines that had then been evolved.
In 1912 he graduated as a pilot, and the following year was appointed to the then Cinderelia of the Services," the Royal Flying Corps.
When war broke out in 1014 the Air Force was still scoffed at by the Army as an effective fighting stru meni.. and Ellington was assigned to milktury dulles on the ground.
Ile was ori the staff in Prance until the end of 1917, when he was appointed to the War Offico in London aY Deputy-Director-General of Military Acronautics Tu January, 1018, he was Director-General.
In August, 1018, he became Con- troller-General of Equipment at the Air Ministry, and when the Ministry was reorganised in February. 1910, ho was appointed Director-General of Supply and Research.
His organising ability marked him out as the man to create and elabo- rale the links binding the air defences overseas.
In 1972 he was in Egypt as Chief of the Royal Air Force in the Middle East. The following year he was in India as Air Ofeer Commanding.
In 1020 ho held the Iraq Command, and he remained in the East until be became Chlef of Air Defence of Great Britain. Since then he has been on a tour of inspection" in Canada, Aus- traila Palestine and Malta.
In 1929 he was promoted Air Mar- shal and. In January of this year, Air Chief Marsho).
met. Herr von Ribbentrop has fim
Lord guest of as a fellow Landonderry In County Down. It la wald that Ribbentrop was puzzled by the friendly but rarely-smiling British Air Chief. There was no doubt that the Nazi was impressed as well as puzzled.
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
They're having such a wonderful time
der whore' they
got all the gossip?"