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HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
The car that made
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The NᎬᏔ . VAUXHALL
14 SIX
Manufacturing schedules were trebled to catch up with the
September 22, 1939.
AGGRESSION.......
What U.S.S.R. has said
J
"ULY 30, 1980. “Izvestia," organ of the Soviet Gov- ernment, says, "The Bol- shoviks in 1914 to 1918 were not pacifists and all the more are not to-day. They stand for the creation of a general Peace
further development of Fascist Perco Front aggression & founded on full reciprocity, full equality of rights, and an honest sincerity and resolute repudia- tion of the disastrous policy of
HERE are recent
aggression and are fighting for their Independence."
•
睁
statements on MAY 31, 1039. aggression made by Secretary, says in the Soviet Partia- Soviet leaders
OT
Molotov, Russion Prime Minister and Foreign to check the ment, "Our taak is further development of aggression
demand for this livellar, bigger. Front capable of halting the Printed in the official and to this end to establish a reliable
more luxurious Vauxhall 14. 30 m.p.g. at 30 m.p.h. independent springing, all synchromesh gears. hydraulic brakes, etc.
May we demonstrate?
HONGKONG Hotel GARAGE
Stubbs Rd.
The
Tel.. 27778-9
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 September 22, 1939
Safety in Warfare ALTHOUGH Poland has shown
'non-intervention.'
"The second imperialist war has already begun. The whole world knows Germany to be the aggressor."
Russian press.
no responsibility for Munich."
FEBRUARY 24, 1938,
and effective defensive front of the non-aggressive Powers,"
UGUST 20, 1938. "Izvestia" ways. "Britain is to be blamed for "Izvestia" sacrificing Czech interests to her own says, "A Soviet war for the de-chemes for reaching an agreement unconditional guarantee to defend the fence of the Socialist regime against with Germany, instead of giving an the Fascist aggressors for their com plete destruction is going to be the Czech State if attacked." most just and most holy of wars."
MARCH 17, 1938. Litvinov, Russian Foreign Secretary, soya, "Every JULY 1, 1939, "Pravda," organ of State signing a pact of non-aggression the Russian Communist Party, with Germany is immobilised by her says: The Soviet nation hates me in case of Germany's attack on a perialist war.
third State,
.
*
new
"The Soviet people know that the "If there is no article releasing MAY 11, 1030, "Izvestia" says: VI I Beltain and France really onslaught of the Fascist aggressors one party from the pact in the event wish to set up a barrier to aggres can only be stopped by an effective of an attack by the other party on sion in Europe, they must form a front of the pence-loving States, and a third State, Hitler's proposed sys- united part of mutual assistance, if are ready to take part in the org- tem of non-aggression pacts comes possible between the four principal anisation of a genuine Peace Front. down to the principle of localising Powers in Europe-Britain, France, "Only resolute and unyielding force war.
The proposal of Herr Hiller the US.S.R., and Poland-or at least can halt the march of the sugressors."
creates in my mind the impression the first three.
UGUST 15, 1930, "Pravda" says: that we are dealing with "An arrangement should be made by which there three should guar- A "The war of the Soviet Union attempt to partition Europe, Into antee other Powers in Central Europe against Fascism will be the most just two parts or several parte, so that
guaranteeing which are under menace of aggres- and lawful of all the wars of hu- by
non-aggression one part freedom of klon.""
manity. The best means of defence against the is a violent offensive for the cam- action may be gained for attack "Izvesiin" says, plete annihilation of the adversary against another part of Europe." APRIL 0, 1939,
"Only a system of collective in his own territory. security, based on the thesis of the "To annihilate the adversary means SEPTEMBER 29, 1936, Litvinov
rulac
says: "There are a few countries the indivisibility of world pence, can put to annihilate Fasciam, the aggressors in bonds."
workers against it, and help them which are ready to seek salvation In in their war against Fascism." neutrality. If they really believe that they themselves have only to "Izvestia," Lays, APRIL 2, 1939,
Stalin in his write the word 'neutrality' on their "All efforts to appease Germany MARCH 19, 1939. through negotiation should be aban- speech to the Eighteenth Com frontlers and the blaze will stop t toned. The democracies should again munist Party Congress said, "The these frontiers, if they have forgotten adopt a policy of resisting aggression polley of non-intervention is equal the fresh lessons of history, it is and of collective security. In this to connivance at aggression. case they can count on the full sup- "We-stand for rendering support port of the only country which bears to nations witch have fallen prey to often put their neutrality at the
LORD GORT
•
their business.
*
*
"Unfortunately even now they.
service of the aggressive forces."
SEPTEMBER 21, 1937, Litvinov
SEES SE
THE SERGEANT'S
WORK
sayn: "How lusory are the hopes that collaboration can be successful between States which pursue differ- ent aims, which have contrary con- ceptions of International life and the mutual rights and duties of nations. "There can be no synthesis be- |tween aggression and non-aggression,
between peace and war."
MARCH 17, 1938, Litvinov (after MA
that modern warfare can reach terrifying proportions, the war in which we are how engaged may yet prove the safest war in history.
As weapons have improved they have, Uke werfare Itself, become less deadly. This seeming paradox is due to the fact that soldiers hide from weapons they cannot face with- out dying. The hero who cautioned his men not to Are until, "you can see the whites of their eyes"-killed more infantrymen with ten bullets than a thousand rounds from the cannons of the Maginot ar Siegfried lines will clairn. During the Great War, 28,000 rifle and machine-gun-
SERGEANT ANDRE MAGINOT,] they would be massacred automati- the invasion of Austria) says: bullets were fired for each soldier infantryman who gave his name cally by cross-ring machine guns. killed. In the Franco-German War of 1870, eighty rounds of artillery were required to kill a soldier. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1004-3. the number of shells fire! for each death from artillery had increased to 150. In the Great War to took 800 shells to claim one buman life. It is as you go back in history that casual- ties become really severe. In 216 B.C. seventy thousand Romans, out of an army of 70,000, lay dead on the feld after the battle of Cannuc; one- seventh of all Roman men of fighting age had been sinin in a single day, The old warlare where men elusted in hand-to-hand combat resulted in the death of one or the other; the defeated escaped only by the speed! of his legs and the strength of his lungs.
The civil population has fared even better iedern warfare hare the soldiers, "When the Mongols march. ed away from the remnants of the capital," exciting the historian, "there was not a groan or a ery to be heard from the people, for all who were in that city were lying dead." The Mongol, Genghis Khan, the greatest conqueror who lived, 700 years ago slaughtered 13,300,000 Chinese In twelve vears of sporadic warfare.
were other
ever
In the Great War, despite long- range guns, warplanes, U-Boats and poison gas, not one in 1,000 of the dead
thom soldiers, Wholesale destruction of the civil populations has become a matter of humonlly or inhumanity rather that of weapons,
Madera warplanes, true, are better than they were 26 years ago, but so are the defences against aircraft. The greatest defence la retallation-
Hier bombs London, Britain is going to bomb Berlin, and there is soon going to come a time when both sides will ery hall to that type of Insanity.
"I can say on behalf of the Soviet to the forts which Lord Gort is in~)
The whole frontier spouts, death. Government that on its part it is specting, lost a foot fighting at Verdun. When the war was over he by experts.
The line is considered impregnable, rendy as before to join in collective netians which, decided jointly with But it, through mis-i took up politics ogain.
Before the war he had been an enemy it would be blown up by agression.
chutee, any section of it fell to the would have the purpose of arrest- Ing the further development of og→ Under-Secretary at the War Ome, button pressed thirty miles bark. but in 1914 he refused a commission
"I agrees to proceed immediately At night Invisible infra-red rays to discuss, practical measures.”. and Insisted on joining up sound-alarms-when-their-beams- private.
keen.
crossed
13
to
ABC OF THE SOVIET INVASION
Q: Why has Soviet Russia
invaded Poland?
A: Because she belloves that 101,196 square miles of Poland's total of 150,413 miles is Russian territory.
Q: What grounds has Russia for this belief?
A: The area was taken from Russia as a result of the Great War, firstly, through the Treaty of Brest-Litovak and secondly by Polish conquest against the Bol- sheviks.
Q: Who fought the Bolsheviks?
Marshal Pilsudski, founder
of modern Paland. He attacked
in the spring of 1919, gained vast areas, was defeated in a counter- offensive, counter-attacked again and fought ' bitterly. until the Treaty of Riga, was algned in March, 1921.
Q: What did Poland gain from
treaty?
this
A:
An area of Russia contain-
Ing five million people, of whom only 15 per cent, were Potes,
Q: How many Russians were under Polish rule last week?
A: Five million Ukrainians
(some were formerly Austro- Hungarians) and 1,500,000 While Russians.
Q: Who are the White Rus- slons?
A: Anciently known as the Byelorusses. Nine centuries ago they submitted to Lithuanian in- fluence, and intermingled with the Great and Little Russians and, to some extent, with the Poles and Lithuanians. Before the Great Wor the whole of Whit Russin belonged to Tsarist Russin, after 1021 two-thirds reverted to Poland. The Soviet regards Minsk was the capital of White Russia.
Q: But aren't White Russions opposed to Red Russians?
modern A: The
of usage "White Russian" and "Red Rus+ sian" is political and not elhno- graphical. A "Whlic" Russian in the political sense is un emigre from Bolshevism, or from the modern "Red" Russian.
Q: How did the emigres come to be called "White" Russians?
A: Because the Bolsheviks call- ed themselves "Red" Russians.
Q: How many political emigres Jeft Rusela after the revolution?
A: About 1,500,000. Death and naturalisation has reduced the number now to about 300,000, of whom 50,000 live in China.
are
the Russian.
The Bolshevista
modern "Red" Who are ethnographically cluasi- fled as Red Russians?
A: The Hussians living in that part of Poland which the Poles received from Austria-Hungary after the Great War. Lemberg (to-day known as Lwow) is the capital of Red Rusala. The Soviet will probably take this part of Poland na portion of their spolls, although Germany may lay claim in it becouse it was formerly -Austro-Hungarian-territory,———--
Q: Any other Polish territory Russia may seize?
A: Yes. Part of Little Russia (the Ukraine) is Polish territory. The Little Russians occupy the stoppes of southern Russia, the south-west slopes of the central plateau, those of the Carpathian
Lublin mountains (now occupied by German troops). The area was colonised by Catherine II.
The alx-foot ex-sergeant became
by some wanderer. a great figure in the postwar Cham- Gas is useless against the Maginot SEPTEMBER 21, 1930, Litvinov (Just before Munich) Enys, "It ber, and in 1920
Controlled air pressure was only two days ago that the was appointed defenders,
troni Minister of War in Tardieu's Cabinet. prevents
entering the Czech
Government addressed As War Minister he become the fortresses.
formal Inquiry to my Government driving force bebind the proposal (eri Underground railways and ift to whether the Soviet Union is
Franco's frontiers the greatest series of mill-fort to fort. establishing - on
eastern convey ammunition and food from prepared, in accordance with the The men could fight Soviet-Czech pret, to render Czech-
and seeing Slovakia immédiate and effective ald tary fortifestions the world had ever whole war without ever
their enemy.
if France, loyal to her obligations, The Chamber and Senate passed]
FEW miles away is the will render similar assistance. A the plan and work began on the
named which my Government gave a clear Slenfried Line, original £80,000,000 fortifications. after the Wagnerlan hero truc answer in the armative."
Sergent Mainol died in 1032, Nazi style.
The French three years before his dream was)
do not think much
1937. Pravda," completed.
of the Russian Govern- of the Siegfried Line compared with NOVEMBER 0, CORES of millions of pounds, their Maginot Line.
ment, says, "The Soviet Union is have been spent on. thej But the two Ines may reduce the true guardian of the freedom Line since.
Now It Stretches, and warfare on the western front to and independence of the peoples. Impregnable chain of massive sub-perpetual checkmate, with both siden terranean fortresses, heavy
feebly. guns, hammering, ever more machine guns, anti-tank guns-cons insuperable robots. crcted Irremovably into the soil of Franer-long 000 miles from Dun- kirk to Switzerland.
organ
"It pursues a firm and consistent atpatley to save mankind from the new
war of Imperialist laughter."
con-
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
Extensions have also been structed along the Italian and Bel- gian frontiers.
Viscount Gort has bcen shown things in the Line that we do not know about. Little ofcial informa-i tian is available on it for obvious!
reasons,
But there is quite a lot we know. The subterranean fortressos delve 326 teatdown. Imagine overal Gloucester Hotels Bunk below the carth.
There fortresses can house thou-
them sands of soldiers, feed
for months, give hospital treatment.
Above them mighty guns sweep the rolling hills of Alsace-Lorraine,
It is estimated that there Bro 14,000 main gun positions in the be Line.
The present war is not going won by Goering's air force. It will be won-as was the last war, and as all wars have been won-not by the new love of Mars, but, by the man with the knife in his hand. Call it a bayonet and put it on the end of a gun, but it is a knife, just the same as was used by the warriors of nifty centuries ago. All of man's modern weapons severo only to pre- pare the way for the man with the knife, or to retard him. It is he who wing the battle, captures and holds ground.
on
"That is why there is already a atolemaio the Western Front. Experience in the last two years of the Great War taught that the side that took the offensive, always lost two, three or even four men against one lost by the defenders. Modern defences Bro Loo powerful. The great Ailled victories. 1018 cast three times as
British and many French soldiers as Germans. The great German vielories in 1916 and
LL you see as ♪ coaual Awanderer-provided you get anywhere near at all-aro lowili ugly concrete turrets, like inverted bowls.
These have forty-inch concrète protections. Three heavy shells land-i ing simultaneously on the same spot; would do na damage.
If Nazi infantry tried to climb. on the turrets and spike the gun
1017 cost Germany twice as many soldiers as it cost the Allies.
1
Don't look for any spectacular battles in the West. Neither side is likely to risk the price they will have to pay for that kind of victory. Look Instead for war of attrition-- a long war, as our leaders predict in which the Nazi collapis will be brought about by economule means, That is the kind of warfare in which the outcome la certain from the stort -we cannot lose.
Svev. 1000 le Thétal Featury dyvidioara. Bany
0.29
"Sybil is home from school for the summer--we're educating
her in Europa, you know!”
Q: You speak of Little Russio. Is there a Great Russin?
A: Yes. Russla proper. It s known as the heart of Russia.
Were the Russians living
Q: under Pollsh rule wel!
treated by the Poles?
A: Most authorities say H. Bat Poles and Russians alike la Polish White Russin were nearly always on the verge of starvation, because it is the poorest and most desolate part of Poland.
Q: Are the Ruthenians Rus-
sinn
A "Ruthenia" Is a form of the word "Russian." Ruthenian is another name Applied to the Little Russians who were former-
ly Austro-Hungarian but after the war became Czecho-Slovakian and Fulcs. The Ruthenlans number some three millions in Galicia, Bukovina and In the Carpathlons along the
edge
of Hungary. Throughout Galleia the Poles form the aristocracy. They are under an alien yoke both politically and economically in Slovakia, Rumania and Poland. Ruthenia, which was born of Hitler's conquest of Czecho-Slovakia That yeas is under Hungarian tutelage.
Q: What is the Curzon Line? A: The ethnologiest line run- ning through Poland which divides Poles from Russions.
Q:
Who would gain if Germany alzed all of Poland west of the Curzon Lino?
A Germany. enormously, bo- cause she would subjurato land to which she has no more claim than she has to Bohemia and Moravia, Most of it is predominately Pelo and before the Great War part of Rusala.
Was
Was
Q: Or Poland's total of 150,413 square miles, how much taken from Germany after the Great War?
A: Only 8,973 square miles-. Danzig, the Corridor and part of. Upper Silesin. Not all of this territory is predominately Ger 'man.