4
Thursday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
September 7, 1939.
That's a
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September 7. 1989
..
The R.A.F..
LET US take a look at this Royal Air Force whna "paper bullets" dropped over a wide area in Ger many will have a more devastating effect on the Hifler regime than all the tombes it is empati hurling: co tæerman hende.
How does i stand now in m and machines? The answer will ementirajte 1 Demuera, les, Bri- tans inve every reason to take cut- fort in our air strength.
From 1915 to early 1987 Ger- man bombers were superior to those of the R.A.F. in spred, range and bomb lend. To-day Britain's latest aircraft surpass the corres- puding German types in both fying range and bomb loud.
-The speeds of the two are said
to be about the same, bui the operational value of the British machine is far superior.
The Wellington R the most efficient two-engined bomber in the world to-day. Filled with petrol in place of bombs it could fly non-stop from England to Australia.
The range of the rat model, loaded 3 BANDS:
with bombs, is 3,240 miles; its 12 to 588 motres | speed 265 miles an hour.
But warplanes in R.A.F. squa- drons are only the forerunners of still better ones which are already appearing in very large numbers.
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It Means a Lot to be
FIRST
LORD
Mr. Winston Churchill is the new First Lord of the Admiralty. He will get £5,000 a year with luxurious house). The magnificent Admiralty yacht, the Enchantress, will be at his disposal.
He Get
the most distinctive re-
sidence in London-
a yacht which a millionaire might envy-
"ullicial"
furniture. with fish emblems-
bis own wireless station.
The salary probably seems attractive to you, but a good First Lord earns and spends every penny of it. He is the representative of the Navy in Parliament, res- ponsible for the direction and supervision of all naval' matters, with power to promote and discharge, recom- mend honours and awards.
He is very much of the Boss of the British Navy. - His responsibility is so great that he has a littlo Cabinet of his own, the Board of Admiralty, to advise and direct him. Though he is not compelled to take the Board's advice-he usually does. On the Board sit Bri- tain's Sea Lords-first, second, third, fourth, and the recently appointed fifth-the big executives of the Navy.
Even in the Cabinet his position is enviable. is one of the most powerful of Ministers.
In Room 40
he
The house that goes with the job is a much finer place than either No. 10 or No. 11, Downing-street. It stands at the south-east corner of the Admiralty build- ing in Whitehall. Its rooms are spacious and beauti- fully furnished. The drawing-room has unique furni- ture-chairs, tables, couches with legs and arms carved in the shape of dolphins. Lord Nelson's body once rested there.
A commecting door links the house with the Ad- miralty itself. The First Lord has necesa to every room in this, London's most exciting building. There is Room 40. for instance, the eyes and ears of the world.
Here cipher wireless messages, intercepted from the enemy, were decoded during the war. To-dny the Ad- miralty's most trusted and talented men sit there, linked by radio with the ships and ports of the seven seas. Mestanges. secret and confidential, pass hrough their hands. They are just a few of the First Lord's 4,000 stair.
There is the superb Admiralty library, too, if the Fir. 1, Land feels like rending. Not ordinary reading, Gongch. A hundred thousand books and documents giving aletsiks of almost every naval engagement ever fought, Charts and maps and plans to bewilder you.
His Yacht
And if you want to get away from the stuffy air of Whitehall there is the yacht already mentioned. It is a a long-standing tradition that the First Lord is free to use the yacht as he wishes in the performance of his duties.
The Exchantress is finer than any rich man's ship, It is the Admiralty afloat, equipped, as the cinema pos- ters say, "regardless of expense."
The First Lord has a busy job. There are dinners, banquets, luncheons to preside" at, speeches to make and naval manoeuvres to attend. There are admirals to interview and inventions to be considered. There is the all-important question of the £s d of running the Navy. And, finally, there is the task of telling Parliament and, through Parliament, the people all about it.
Members delight in asking difficult questions about the Navy
The First Lord has to answer them.
SPIES AT WORK
TAVEN in times of peace spies are
EY
crops.
Before the war, the
pro-
25 Years Ago
At The Gates Of Paris Anniversary Of The Marne
It was on the morning of Sunday. September 6, 1914, that Paris knew that something had happened which would decide the fate of the war.
For three days yon Kluck's Army had been within striking distance of the capital; for three days we und waited for the sound of gunfire from the forts, signifying that the attack had begun. And now it was not coming:
It was quite clear that it was not coming. Gallient's brief communique, collected late on Satur- day night from the Press Burem lḥ. the Rue de Grenelle, had run (15 follows:-
The German Army is still, moving nway from Paris and continuing the movement entered on two days ago. It follows from the Information re- ceived that the enemy's troops have evacuated the Compiegne-Sentis dise
We had known nothing about the movement away from Paris, but thi made the news all the more decisive. Something bad happened. The Ger- man Army, which a week before had been in full march through Com plene and Senlis for the gates of Paris, had found something to take It elsesenere.
"Ah," suld the street Rossips, "ous verrons, nous verrons, bientot quelque chose."
Paris in those days lay as though hypnotized The terrible reality of the invasion had come upon it 30 swiftly as to be almost unrealizable. The writer, then a member of the Parts staff of
of The Times, had left France about August 20 for a short visit to England, Fighting on the Belgian frontier was then still con- furd to skirmishes, The name Mons was still unfamillar. A short trn days later, on Sunday, August 30, he yeturned to France,
The train from Boulogate was fou
Was
T
hot ke In starting and the chef de gure woukt not guaranter that it would get to Paris. Before
it it had reached Abbeville crowded to roof, and doorstep with efugees from Belgium, from Lille. Pony extry turn in the Pas-de-Calais, soldiers and civilians together. took 19 hours to reach Paris, Crowds were gathered at every Rile railway
crossing through station and level Normandy to ask for news from the north as the train rolled slowly by. All though the night, at one Junction after another, we were held up to let Troop-train fler troop-train pass, all* moving south.
In Paris everything was in a hub- bub. Everybody seemed to be leav
The railway stations of the Qual izzy. d'Orsay and Montparnasse were pack- ed with helpless crowds, struggling for places in the trains. People poured on to the river steamers, and left without knowing where they would get to
It was swelteringly hot. No one knew where the Germans were, The official news placed them at chance Noyon, but a
acquaintance
who Had come that morning from Compiegne testified to having seen British suppers blow up the stone bridge over the Olse. That meani that the retreat was still in progress, and Comptegne was only 30 miles
away.
5
THE FIRST BOMBS On the following day, about
bumbs. It was Paris's first experience over the city und dropped some
of bombardment, and it made no
were
chunge in
The men were in splendid
where and gave promise of hard
they wrote to him. telling him exactly where
were stationed and
ench about 1,000 horse-power. parts of a spy's work is the obtain- collected for more useful knowledge were going, as
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On the
of the troops (incidentally, in many nctively busy collecting, noting Sir Michael Bruceleases it had this effect) but was a 'clock, a German aeroplane appeared
source of knowledge of the move and appraising facts of value about
meats of troops in France. the country in which they are em-
ly useful to know, for instance, that ployed.
Caplain XXX. who is in charge of What happene Was
impression. The bombs this. Ausly not much bigger than What can be the use of these facts transport at a port, is a secret drug young unlicer, either home on leave should a war be declared? And is taker, or that Major YYY at the or recovering from a wound usually pounder shells, and did little damage.
Next this work necessary among 'countries War Office gambles heavily and is drift to the West End, and many
street rang morning early the for excilement that are nilles, ited with the closest deeply in debt. There is always an lived
during their to the steady tramp of marching approach to a person bonds of friendship?
through his leave. It was easy to suggest a troops. Regiment after regiment of The answer to the first question weaknesses. It is the collecting of marvellous headache cure. A few African tirailleurs, Senegalese, and
naturally, the absolute know this type of knowledge that becomes doses, and the boy began to find he Chausseurs
frique, were moving wanted this cure more frequently. out to the
'It' was the Tunis ledge of a country is extremely use- so important. ful in the ease of invasion. Not)
These boys were picked from different division which had been rushed up only the details that can be found!
German regiments and brigades. Later, be the day before by rail from Mar- but those of Secret Service had thousands of fore they ordnance maps,
returned The disclosed performances of on
to France, the selles. This looked lika the men employed as waiters and bar-agent told them that they could suppiles, timber, and British bombers at present are of thousand ond one detalls that an men all over the world, thousands of care these "cures" it
know. women working as governesses and on the march must machines fitted with two engines, | army
These people saw, and they Again, one of the most hazardous companions.
prise to coine, Inside Parls there had were no morning newspapers to be a friend Fr France who More powerful engines are in the ing of the codes used by various than the man who wandered about they
would hud. The Government had left the countries. These are sent to skilled the countryside with a camera and
bring
the "eures" to
line. day before for Bordeaux. Everything new types of machines. The extra officials who are trained in the art sketch book.
Officers were allowed to us suppose that A., a large
censor in the way of an authority that was of decoding. Even spies usually use Let
their own
letters, and power is being applied to the carry-codes, and against them there is al-manufacturing country, is likely. at very small proportion of them were The Allied Embassies and all news- only not military had gone with them. ing of heavier londs of bomb at ways working the "counter-espion- any time to go to war with B., a
opened at the base. The result wus paper offices were closed. faster speeds.
a branch of a country that telies on its agriculture that, in the case of any large move-walls was posted the first proclama- age," us important
wealth. A will country's service as that of Intelli- for its
naturally These are typical examples of the gence itself.
want to know, besides the essentials ment of troops or a big concentration of General Gallient:
I have been entrusted with Spying has another role in times of the strength of B's forces, the tion, it was easy to forecast where of peace, that is the knowledge of depots for coal, fuel, and the main on attack was to be launched, and task of defending Furls from the the to make a pretty good guess at the vider. That task I shall full to the hus attained in invention and con- how soon an
enemy or probable enemy, even an illed country, can of munitions stored and being or umber of divisions and units Lak-end.
ing part. Atruction.
So there was to be a alege. turn her factories, workshops, and capable of being manufactured: and
Later, should the boy become so
París now became a curious place. What about numbers of aero-
resources into those supplying muni- the routes by which raw materials
addicted to the drug that he would Over a million of its inhabitants, and planes?
tions of war. Here is the real work will be brought into the country.
This knowledge will have to be do anything to obtain it, a slight they the best-to-do, had left. The
pressure was of the spy. The photographing of
aften put upon him boulevards and the fashionable oficial information on troops dying grounds, and barracks inc in clays on commened their and he actually became un unwitting streets in the centre were deserted, this is, for obvious reasons, not be- is work given to the beginner to test that A's forces can come care tool in the enemy's hands. Luckily You could look down the Avenue de Beriai or even secret sabotage ing provided to the world, but there him out. The only value this can be against B's ports and depots as soon the organisation that activity was 'Opera at midday, and not count has been a tremendous speed-up of Is the fore-knowledge of amount new construction during the past of machines which could be massed as war comiences. B will likewise Via for this branch of activity was f dozen people or more than a couple very of vehicles. The terrasses of the and equipped at these grounds in Want to know the food supplies to A, discovered and squashed at
had Cafe de la Paix and Tourtel's were and the amount of food she is cap early stage, not before they able of storing. These factors will brought about the death of several empty. The famous restaurants had be B's weak points.
boys who, rather than betray their
The oyster 250 orthodox firms and 3,600 sub- "The Black Book" contract firms were making aircraft.
It is luteresting to remember that own country, had taken their lives hardly a single diner.
season had just begun; barrels of the Perhaps the most sinister of alta
In their own hands. some of the most concentrated work. The number to-day is almost cer- spy's work and the work calling for done by spies during the war, was
finest Marennes were displayed on Sples
cowards. They the counter at not Bre
at Prunier's, and there tainly greater. The joint Anglo- the most trains combined with a not in the belligerent countries, as work like moles, underground, tun-was
-After French aircraft construction ex-complete knowledge of humanity, is ceeded the German output as long the section which is employed to might be imagined, but in America, neiling, destroying or weakening the was nobody to eat them.
Sweden, Holland, and Denmark.
of their opponents. They o'clock at night there was not a soul strength ako as Juno. It was boasted then find out and exploit the weaknesses These countries were the sources of face trial, imprisonment, and death in the streets, except the patrols of
the Municipal Guards. knowing their own countries,
Meanwhile, In opponents' ranks. that, at any time, British and
supply to the combatants, and it was for French output of new machines
Years ago there was a great libel of vital importance for either was that should they be discovered none the life of the humbler classes went could, at instant notice, double that case in which the words "The Black to know of what material the other will help them. They fall and theon quietly and normally, but it was
Book" occurred very frequently. It side was running short.
price of failure is shume. They suc-more like the life of a village than of German factories.
those of great
Every one gossiped city. was stated that the Germans had a Drugs for Young Officers
only they and eced-and
ever hear of with every one else. In the absence British aircraft output inst June book giving the
directly above them names of nearly
of newspapers, the greengrocer and was 1,000 planes a month.. Less every important and public person At the beginning of the last war their success.
were in dally than three years. ago It was at the in Britain, and against these names a large amount of drugs was being No rewards, no honours come the milkman, who rate of only about 400 in 12 months. were their habits, vices, and re-imported Into Britain. These were their way. Only the knowledge that touch with people from outside, be-
marks on thoir characters.
handed to agents who, using still they have served their, country ax came the chief sources of news. is a disheartening ́achieve-
After the fearful flurry of the past There is no doubt that some sort further agents, passed them on to well as and perhaps even better than
few days, with the bulletins from the from the German point of of book does exist in every coun-young officers. This was not done another one who led an army or
PLEASE Turn To Page 5. try's records. It would be extreme-with any idea of reducing the moralei captured a citadel.
Precise
twelve months.
A week before the war started,
'It
In association with the Grand Hotel des Wagons Lits, Poking
ment view.
times of emergency.
A