6
THE HONGKONg Telegraphi, Tuesday, August 22, 1939.
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Concerto No. 2 in F minor (Chopin) ...... Alfred Cortot with:--
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HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE
Stubbs Rd.
The
Tel. 27778-9
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 August 22, 1939
Commendable Sense
Of Perspective
Rondo from "Haffner" Serenade (Mozart) ................. Fritz KreislerTHAT the situation on the
Ballade No. 3 in A Flat Major (Chopin)
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border is disturbing nobody will deny. We ourselves, follow- ing a well-established policy of giving the public vital and im peccable data, have published during the past week factfal reports from the frontier which could not but help give serious food for thought. Huppily the Hongkong publie is not given to startling emotional reactions to events of this nature, and this excellent sense of perspective
of be
considerable must encouragement to the Colony's Authorities.
Neither is there any reason to believe that the public in luring itself into any false sense of security by this display of equanimity. While it is gener- ally recognised that the activi ties on the other side of the border are discomforting, it is! also believed that they hold out no immediate threat to Hong- kong. It is obvious, with com- munication between Hongkong
and the Chinese hinterland more or less completely cut off, that in certain respects the Colony must be affected. There is already being experienced #
BY COMMANDER RUSSELL GRENFELL
(Author of authoritative books on naval strategy and warfare.)
CONOMIC blockade is one of the most important ways in which naval power is manifested,
Not that it is confined to navies, as in sometimes stated. Quite the contrary.
An army spread out along an enemy's frontier can, and does, exercise a far more complete blockade over that frontier than is possible at sea, where it is very difficult to prevent an occasional cargo slipping through.
What makes the naval blockade. So Important is the large volume of international trade that is car- rled by ships.
The crippling effect of the Bri- tish naval blockade of Germany in the last war is well-known. A pro- gressive shortage of food gradually demoralised the German people. especially the civil population, who bore the brunt of it.
THE German war effort was also gravely hamp- ered by the Increasing scarcity of many essential com- modities, such as copper. lekel, collon, rubber; In spite of the melting down of church bells, dour handles, and stair rods, the re- placement of the nickel coinage by iron, and the removal af rubber from bicycle tyres, biliard tables, and even babies' bottles.
The Germans, of course, did their best to return the compll- ment, chiefly by means of their submarines. For a time they made things very unpleasant for -us, but in the end we managed to defeat their submarine campaign. and thus ensured the maintenance of
our own supplies.
We did so by 12 variety of
measures,
which among
food ratloning, the intensive construc- tion of merchant ships, and offen- sive action against the enemy submarines by destroyers, sloops, trawlers. drifters, submarines. decoy ships, and motor-boats, with the aid of airships, acroplane, and even sen Hons and seagulls, all played a part.
THE most important counteraction of all Wus the introduction of convoy. enabling merchant shipping to be more easily pro- tected and hostile submarines more effectively attacked. only we had taken steps to or- anise a convoy system earlier in the war, we should not have suffered so close a shave.
II
Thus there was blockade, and successful blockade, of Germany by us; and counter-blockade, though ultimately unsuccessful, of us by Germany. How would we stand in these matters now. if war with Germany were again to come?
On the offensive side, our naval control of seaborne commerco destined for Germany, remarkably effective last time, should be ren- dered even tighter by the great scouting facilities which modern aircraft can provide..
On the political side, however, the extensive substitution of oil for
Hongkong is threatened with af blockade by the sea, as was the story current in the Colony yesterday. It is also of moment to point out that the alleged statement by a Japanese spokes- man in Canton hinting Japanese
received Tokyo.
no
affirmation from
shortage of certain vegetables, reprisals against Hongkong has though fortunately of only a véry this small variety, but even position, it is felt, is not likely While to remain permanent.
Government is not likely to the Government has made no deny the potential dangers of the official statement on the border present international situation situation, it is felt to be quietly as reflected in European and Far confident that Hongkong's posi- Eastern events, but it is display- tion will remain virtually
un-ing an exemplary attitude in affected.
keeping with the local position. In these times of duress-the It is an attitude which we feel! effects of which are visible the sure the public will accept and world over-speculations are embrace, realising that come rife, and rumour a lying jade what may, the authorities, have which should be eschewed at all everything fully in hand, and
THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI HOTELS, LTD. costs. Thus it is well, to pro- that the impairment of Hong-
nounce here and now that there kong's integrity will is not the slightest evidence that permitted.
never be
ليد
coal ny a marine fuck, will have lessened our power to exercise the bunker control which proved so valuable in 1914-18.
On balance, however, I estimate that our ability to intercept sup. piles for Germany will be as efft- Caelous as before, while the ex- perience we gained on the last occasion shoulit enable us to apply the economic pressure much more quickly,
on
Whether Germany is as muck subject to the effects of that pres- sure is another matter. The British naval blockade of the last war stamped Its Imprint deep German minds; and of late years Germany's whole economy been refushioned to reduce her dependence on over-sens supplies.
has
It would be idle to deny that she has been largely successful in doing so. In particular, her pro- portion of home-grown food i much higher than in 1914.
Yet there are certain commodi- lies, among which are rubber, cat- ton, hemp, wool, and vegetable olls, for which she is inreely de- pendent on overseas shipments. though storage has probably been arranged in these cases.
The petroleum situation is un- certain. Coal distillation and the use of producer gas have reduced Germany's overseas requirements. and necess to Rumania ou eldr would reduce them still more.
IT · 13 very doubtful, however, whether the enormous quantities
of petrol and other liquid fuel she would require in war could all be obtained from European sources.
Germany has undoubtedly im- proved her economic strategical position, and could therefore last out longer against A hostle blockade. But, given time, it would bring her down as surely as before,
It is important to note, more- over, that Germany's partner. Italy, is extremely vulnerable to naval blockade. No less than 80 per cent. of her supplies are brought in by sea, 70 per cent. coming through either the Straits of Gib- raltar or the Suez Canal. Italy could therefore be subjected im- mediately to very severe economic pressure, which must take effect in a comparatively short time.
Then we come to the defensivo aide of the case, It Germany hna rendered herself less susceptible to naval blockade, does the same ap- ply to us? So far as blockade is carried out by naval vessels, the answer is that we, too, are more immune.
from Since
THE chief menace in the lato wor came tho submarine. then, we have perfected an echo- detecting device which overcomes our chief provious difficulty in dealing with underwater vessels; namely, the lack of knowledge of their position when submerged.
We can now loente a submarine that we cannot see, and are there- fore in a position to deal effectively with it. Sea-borne commerce, how- ever. can now be attacked by
aircraft as well as ships; and our position in regard to aerial blockade is much more ques- tionable. There is a clear possi- bility that the air threat against our sea communications may be very serious.
For instance, if air attack can either smash up the London Docks or bring the work there to a standstill, the effect will be the same as if an Impenetrable naval blockada line
were stretched
across the mouth of the Thames.
Our obvious counter to this ad- verse contingency is to take our shipping away from the Channel and the North Ben and bring it in to the western ports at Plymouth, Falmouth, Milford, Avonmouth. Cardin, Liverpool and the Clyde.
But even the western ports are not outalde bombing range, and no one can yet tell for certain te what extent air attack could Inter- fere with the safe arrival of e vital supplies.
તા
THIS feeling of unct. tainty, amplified as
by the know. - ledge that the volume of
decline. shipping has seriously since 1018, is at the rout of th current demands for storage. the mands which reach as high as year's supply,
The objection to storage ou a extensive scale is that it costs mich I calculate that it woul come to £24,000,000 a year to s up a year's basic food supply. Th is a lot of money, and there woul be the danger of the food gol bad, being eaten by rats, or other wise contaminated.
Over and above this, it seems preferable to put any available money into more aircraft or anti- alreraft guns, with a view to en- suring that enemy aircraft do not came to bomb the ports and mer- chant shipping, or that they get shot down if they do. The finan~ cial equivalent to a year'a storm would be about 300 frst-line sh craft.
Naval history shows that, in ser warfare, the only suro way of de- feating a hostile blockade is to outfight the blockaders, not to out- provision them. It will be surpris ing if the same principle is not found to hold good in the air.
PIED PIPER UP-TO-DATE-
HE wears no yellow and red
tunle and carries no magic flute, but the twinkle in his eyes would put Hamelin's piper to shame. Although the rats are indifferent to his appeal, the children And him irresistible, and the news of his arrival fathes from one to another.
Soon a little regiment is at his heels and, sure in the knowledge of his conquering power, he swaggers aliead, a Ilmp rock slung over his shoulder and large, well-worn sultense in his hand.
HI band of admirers are eager for him to stop, but he selects le stance unhurried- ly.
At lust he flings the sack to the ground, opens the care and drawn trumpet from its depths. This is the moment hla nudience have been waiting for, and
eyes and mouths widen ns he raises the
trumpet to his lips. Three blasts echo through the neigh- bourhood, ond un avalanche of children pour from the houses and struggle for a foremost posi- tion.
case
When the excitement has reached 11 topont pitch ho dramatically pulls on the coverings of the sult- and displays what to these childishi eyes must be an amazing collection at "wonders There aro dolls, engines, pistola, maska, druma, beat, Indian head-dresses- chaos of reda, greens, blues, and yellows.
Then
lucky OND appears. Triumphantly he nods over his offering of rags, which are examined with nerve-racking dellberation, When, after on age of suspense, an encine is taken from the case, the delighted youngster in mabbed by envious companions, Rags and more tats are crammed into the sack. A Rifle ebyl solemnly presents a beer bottle, which is critically held to the wun and sniffed, before being accept- ex and deposited among the allier contributioris. This time a flaxen- haired doll changes hands,
Business is over for the day. He shuts his cars to a chorus of re-
Get the proactiful "Oh's,"
T bulking sack on his shoulder again, and
passes through a reluctantly formed Kongway, Ight to the end of the street the more persistent and hopeful straggio in his wake,
Ho la 500n out of sight, but if you Miten very intently you may hear, in the distance, Shree faint trumpet calla.
LESSONS
S
OF
J. M. A.
THE 'ROYAL'
BY JOHN SUSSEX
PEAKING of the Royal Centenary Show held in Windsor Great Park
that was a good show, that was.
Maybe it was not so good an affair as might have been- there was a good deal too much snobbery at the top end of It. Landed gentry and their women- falk assumed agricultural roles for which many of them are not
The qualified.
article genuine either got pushed well into the background or was exhibited as a bit of picturesque rusticity.
Yet in spite of what there was of this, the rural wealth of Britain is still 50 great and so well preserved that the show itself was abundantly sup- plied with authentic material,
*
More could be made of it than was. The fact that it came as much a stock
GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
Ch. 199rinë Puntars Bradbunka, fire
"I'm hardly ever bothered with lost balls—l usually 'play'
somebody else's."
to visitors, from overseas capecially, to find such a high quality of farm livestock in the rings is proof of this They over know this country had so definite an agricultural background.
And this country, only the size of the State of Illinots in the USA. tilt In it in most of the other breeds.
I might be as well for all of us if agriculture was provided with a propa-. ganda rection in the offices of the British Council, the body charged with making known this country's attri butes abroad.
More than 100.000 visitors to this centenary show have seen something And millions of it for themselves. more must have gathered as much therri from what was conveyed to through the Press and over the radio. comes really to When this nation make up its mind that it means to make more of its farming potential- ties, It will find that it has an asset which can be doubled in volume and value within a decade.
Farmers in Britain will havo no need to bleat for subsidies when that fact is more positively linked up with the nom- plementary fact of an industrial popu- iation, positively languishing for fresh foodstuffs, on their very doorsteps.
Then there were the sections deal- ing with various aspects of past and present rural life itself. What kind of i countryside do we possess in which to nurture human social and mental satisfactions? The all-electric farm)- stead was presented as a dream. The farm-worker's cottage was exhibited as a model. Both are attainable, and much else that they stand for. Yet for no substantial reasons at all wo still do little to make them commonplace.
☆
*
There were corners that were more encouraging. When urban schools take to playlug country music, weny- ung Tom wool and learning the namÍ 26 of trees and birds, there cannot be much need to worry about putting a. rural bias into country-school curri culums. The drift is setting in the other way. Fil the villages and coun- try towns with civilized standards of amenities and we should soon fill up our empty spaces.
What about the young among the country people themselves? Was thero anything wrong about the enthusiasm of those who took part in the cattio judging competitions? And were the datrymalda who patted the butter and made the cream cheeses in the old- Limno
farmhouse kitchen any less comely than those of whom tradition has boasted and toasted?
I couldn't imagine so. When a Uni versity like Reading fills up as it does with a type drawn from both seXES na keen on the farming life as ever has been, then what is there to WOITY about?
If the "Royal" at Windsor had re- captured the epirit which caught up its predecessor at Ipswich a few years alice, it would have been an unsurpas- sable centenary." It just lacked the. touch of the man straight from the plough. Titles are no substitute for type.