THE HONGKONG TelegrapII, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1989.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615
August 4, 1939
Who Helps Japan?
1 is easy enough to express
But energy would be better spent in finding out why the war goes on at all. Japan is only able to fight China because she is able to buy the materials of war from abroad.
Where do these materials, of war come from? From Japan's partners in aggression? From Germany and Italy?
HISTORY OF HONGKONG DURING THE WAR YEARS
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ago to-day Great Britain de- clared war on Ger-
many.
A short time after the war ended the Royal Colonial Instituto commis- sioned Sir Charles Lucas to write a history of the Em- pire at War.
His book, an in- tensely interesting one, was published by the Oxford Uni- versity Press.
Below are a few extracts relating to Hongkong's part in the Great War.
The parts play. ed by all the Dominions and Colonies are given in detail.
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO TO-DAY,
THIS PROCLAMATION WAS ISSUED
Wiprensa state of war existe
ween His Majesty the Kiug and Germany
This Proclination is issued to inform the inhabitants of Hongkong that His Majesty mnye", will guard the Colony front suntrack by the enemy, jo forco, and that the present swength of the deloresis prud garrison of the fortress make unlikely a raid by.
cruisera.
all necessary uieranres to defent auch n raid are, however, being takch, and the Govern- ent trust that the confidence of the people will be shown by their proceeding with their ordinary business ná jù time of penes,
In the event of hostile vessels being sighted, three guns will be fired from the "Trina and the rel British ensign will be hoisted in-that, vessel and at the masthead of the lagsinf
on the Peak, and will be kept hoimed as long nå the enemy, is in sight.
"While this signal remains hoisted the public should avoid collecting in thoroughfar and any other action likely to murg excitement or confusion.
On the retirement of the enemy, the Colonial flug will be hoisted.
war coming: of
the was Mr. E. H. Sharp, KC., was ap- penditure, a sum of over $10% mil- WITH the
Volunteer Force was meblized pointed to inquire whether and to lions, equivalent in sterling to over and the members of the Volunteer what extent, having regard both to £1,035,000, Reserve Force were enrolled in it. Imperial needs and to local condi-
Before the rumours of
war
W Governor of Hongkong was versured 330. and the After sitting for two months the com- fore the end of 1934, £17,000 hd
(over their
charity
no doubt that the mili- As soon as war became imminent, tions, it le pristalo jects xp wilt THERE was
various war charities would be practically the entire British male that male British subjects of
by a community at community offered their services for lary age, resident in the Colony well supported
should be allowed to leave for scr the vice with His Majesty's armies. once wealthy and open-handed. Be- 71IEN the war came the the Volunteer Reserves,
which was the late Sir Henry May, whose Volunteer Reserves 101, but before mission recommended the release of been sent to the Prince of Wales, No- closed at the end of 1915, was over whole official career, except for the war was a week old the numbers 43 men, their inquiries having already tional Rellef Fund, and the total con-
some 34 more.
They reported that there were £41,000. |horror at Japan's war on China. rather over a year in the gov. of the Volunteers had risen to 393 indirectly resulted in the release of tributed to that fund,
Much money was subscribed up to ernment of Fiji, had been passed. and of the Reserves to 318.
Owing to the impossibility of en- in Hongkong, and whose term rolling, arming, equipping, and train- still men in the Colony who could
war charities of government outlasted the war, ing more men, many candidates were well be spared, and they recom- the end of 1915, but no one central until in the latter part of that year a though he left for Canada, hav. refused admittance to either corps mended the introduction of compul- organisallon was in existence to deal
stables, to replace, police seconded in the field.
This recommendation, though en- War Charities Fund Committee wn ing been summoned there by were utilizzd us Special Con- sory service with the British armies with all the various telegraph owing to the dangerous for military service.
Indian and
Chinese dorsed by the Governor, was not at constituted for the purpose. The Nearly 200
committee show the Home accounts of that began, the time sanctioned by illness of his daughter, shortly
that for the three years 1916-18 total police were, when the war before the Armistice, in Septem- lent by the Colonial Government to Government.
In April, 1918, there was renewed subscriptions of $1,419,000
through passed military duties, their dissatisfaction on the part of some £200,000) ber 1918, and subsequently re- the military authorities for various signed on grounds of ill health. subsidiary
experi- remitted to London. the dificulties which they Hongkong was and is an Imperial places being led as far as possible of the younger men in the Colony at hands, of which over £176,005 were
Almost every conceivable
remotely con- Wien, In a few weeks' time, the enced in obtaining release from their Naval Station, fortifled and garri by Special Constables. soned, with a strong body of police and a small force of volunteers. In police returned to their civil duties, employers to go to the front; the benefited, however,
Among the beneficiaries the Red 1914 the Colony was rich and pros- those of the Special Constables who Hongkong General Chamber of Com- nected with the war.
were ineligible for the ranks of the meree recommended that 'some form
the list with nearly perous in a high degree.
of the Colony £55,000, the Central Prisoners of On the outbreak of war one of the Volunteer Forces, or who desired to of compulsory military service, b Cross headed first steps taken was to establish a remain with the Police Department, yond the confines
number of Indians, should be adopted, subject to sate war Committee received
and Sallors cable and postal censorship, and the were, with a
as Chinese and Portuguese, being Bri- guarding 'essential economic trades. the Blinded Soldiers were confronted with many as 24 distinct European and tish subjects, enrolled under u special The Governor supported the recom nearly £15,000, King George's Fund
ordinance passed on the 22nd of Octu- mendation, it received the approval for Sailors £11,000.
The allies were not forgotten, Asiatic languages.
called the of the Secretary of State with the ex ber 1014 into a force
£7,000 being sent to the proviso that only men of pure British No difficulty however perlenced in finding Interpreters and Special Police Reserve.
The commandant was a local bar- descent should be taken and in June nearly
a General Military Service French Red Cross ond, from London Hongkong Money translators, and Sir Charles Eliot, at
rellet. "Our Day" the time head of the University of rister, Mr. F. C. Jenkin, C.B.E., 1918
the raising of a force the members helped
service plentiful in number, fruitful in re- These figures come from, a Hongkong, and subsequently British acting under the control of the Cap- Ordinance was passed 'to provide for to Vladivostok,
Japan, gave much as- tain Superintendent of Police, detailed survey
This force soon numbered 250 men, of which shall be liable of Japan's Ambassador
Andrew's Day 1918 teatified to the composed of 52 Europeans, 24 Indians, with His Majesty's forces outside the suits, and £10,000 subscribed on St.
and 76 Colony during the present war.
Various Da of Portuguese descent, sources of supply just compiled
Prior to the law the number of mea strength of the Scottish element in Associations' dld excellent by the Union_of_Democratic TIERE was a considerable German Chine. The short time the nurt-
element in the community, about hers rose-to-over 500, and eventually resident in Hengkong who left the his Fur Eastern Colony.
work, the Hongkong-Association.of. Control.
100 German merchants
car to over 600. Four companies were Colony-to-join-ilis-Majesty's forces ladies'
who two residents 78. Of the 51 men It is the democratic nations employees, with an equal number of formed, one a European and Indian was 463, and the number of non- War workers, Queen Mary's Needle- (ribunal, 12 work Guild, and others, and 105,000 women and children.
company, one Portuguese, and In accordance with instructions Chinese. There was a maxim-gun were released by the
section, were allowed to go overseas to Join Items, garments of different kinds surgical dressings and the like were from Home, enemy Reservists found section,
Chimes the armies, and the remainder were forwarded by a War Charities Store in the Colony were arrested and a mounted scetion, and
gifts of to- allotted to various war services by detained as prisoners-of-war in ambulance corps. camp on Stonecutters island.
The efficient help given by this the Government or, after enrolment, Sub-commitice. Large
By no means. Last year less than 8 per cent, of Japan's wor materials came from Germany. Less than 1 per cent, came from Italy. They supplied more to Chinn.
The New "REGENT" Model particularly the ones with big
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IN YOUR
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THE FIRST PLANE
GOING OUT
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Hongkong Office.
King's Bid., 4th Flr. Tel. 25552, 25553.
interests menaced by Japan in the Far East-who, para- making doxically enough, are Japan's war possible.
The United States last year supplied Japan with 57 per cent,
of her war needs. The British Empire supplied her with 20% The Dutch Empire per cent. with 8 per cent.
In short, three democratic Powers supply Japan with no less than 86 per cent. of the materials she needs to fight China.
By way of contrast, Russia
has supplied Japan with no war
»
.
*
The lesson of these figures is clear. They answer the people who say "there is nothing we can do."
censors
sistance to the work,
*
was
and
ย
4 motor-bicycle
in India.
£18,000.
were
There were no first Reservists useful body of men to the regular by the military authorities, who sent bacco and cigars came from lobacco As Glass Fund received strong support among the German residents, but a police enabled 60 of the European the majority to the oth Training Companies, and Lady Roberts' Field- number were arrested on board the police to be relieved for duty with Battalion at Kirkee ships that came into the port during the British Army in France. Under far as is known, 75 men from Hang- in kind. the early days of the war, and the an amending ordinance, passed residents included some 20 second 1917, the title of the
Reservists,
the
remainder
being
Reserve,
•
*
in kong led on aclive service, and
*
龠
•
*
pmoar
the
of
force was the distinctions won included ID.S.O., IT would perhaps be invidious to single out for special mention the an names
of individuals Mention should be mude of Imperial unit specially connected indies of Hongkong other than that of exempt from military service owing changed to that of Hongkong Police 4 M.C.s, and 4 M.M.'s.
and Lady May, for their work in connee- to the nature of their employment or their age.
Singapore Mountain Battery, which tion with the war. The latter were at Best provision- IN August, 1917 a Military Service with Hongkong, the Hongkong
under served in the war in Sinn! and
As President of the Queen Mary's Ordinance wus passed. parole, ally allowed to remain on
Nerdlework Guild and Commandant of the V.A.D.s as well as in other with restriction of movement in the which all male British subjects in Palestine. Colony and on an undertaking not to the Colony between the ages of 18
ered able to BEARING in mind the cosmopolitan directions, Lady May gave a lead, leave it, but soon the necessity for and 55, who were
character of the population of which was well fellowed up.
Many ladies undertook work which preventing any teakage of informa- exempted, were rendered liable to
a. Hongkong Hongkong and that it was in a unique ton as to the movements of British military service within the Colony. merchant-ships entailed the Intern Under this ordinance ment or deportation of the entire Defence Force was established, which degree a trading community, carrying set free men for service with the German communly, a few heads of included the Volunteer Corps and the on a life under abnormal dimeulties forers, and others devoted me and firms who were over military age Volunteer Reserve but not the Special and restrictions required by the war, energy to war charities such as the Police Reserve, and which consisted the laws passed and the steps taken, supply of comforts for the troops and being deported under parole,
The internment took place at the of a company of artillery, a company not only to provide for home de the raising of funds for the Red awarded the end of October, 1914, at a camp at of engineers, and a battalion of in- fence and internal security in such Cross Society. For such werk Mrs. Kowloon, to which the prisoners of fantry, the command being given to manner as to release regular soldiers E. Stabb (now Lady Stabb) and Mrs. br The Investment in war Isang material whatever during the war from Stonecutters Island were Major H. A. Mergan of the Indian and European police for service at A. D. Ilickling were
con- front ever quiishle and shin_hndi-il also transferred, and early in 1010 Army. Thus the whole Colony, so the front, but also to sond to the M,B.E.
were far as British subjects were comp whole period of the war.
all the Inmates of the
cerned, was organised for home de- civilian who could possibly be spared, companies and individuals in the
Colony amounted to £6,000,000,
were invested in shipped to Australia,
No turmoil or breach of the pence fence, and the boys were represent deserve every acknowledgment. was caused by the presence of the ed by Hongkong volunteer cadets No less noteworthy were the money which £177,000
and the boy scouts of St. Joseph's contributions made by the Colony as United States War Loane.
appreciable proportion of the a unit of the Empire in old of the College. German element in the Colony.
expenditure of the war, and the sub- money thus invested was through tha of the agency of the Hongkong and South FROM the first, we are told in the
kind to war China War Savings Association. MEANWHILE, there had been an seriptions by the citizens
Colony in money or Britons to charities. Annual Report for 1914, "the M exodus of young
com- It is within the power of the entire community showed a
rumours serve at the front, and the Colonial spirit." Wild democratic countries-particu- were, it is true, at first disseminated Government had found money to pay larly the United States and the among the Chinese nonulation. within the passages of recruits for the Bri-IN 1916 on ordinance was possed 40,000 and 50,000 Chinese, for the tish Army, not only from the Colony
the Colony. The sum of the war, almost universally reflect- British Empire-to stop the war most part women and children, fed itself, but also from other places in amount of $3 millions by the issue In 1914, in spite of the initial effect
to the neighbouring province of the Far East, The Annual reports of bonds in China, but in no long time they were tell us that up to the end of 1914 thus raised was to be "pinced at the ed in decline of receipts, the revenue in China.
reassured and returned. Meanwhile seven local residents of the Colony disposal of His Majesty's Government was larger than ever before, and at ple surplus in the Colonial Treasury. A ban on the sale of war
the Chinese realdents in the Colony left to take commissions as officers for the prosecution of the present the end of the year there was an om- In the following year, 1917, another The Burplus was converted into a materials would hamstring as a whole were conspicuous in pub- and 37 to enlist in the ranks, while war."
lle spirit, at once offering to enrol from outside the Colony two went
who were to take commissions and 10 to enlist, ordinance was passeri “de provide de deficit in 1915, but only through a duo to Japan. Neither Germany nor those of their members
volunteers or and that by the end of 1915, 135 had a temporary Increase in the rates for very large increase of extraordinary Brilish subjects as Italy could rescue her.
Special Constables, and to subscribe left Hongkong to join up in England the special purpose of increasing the expenditure in that year
of whom 62 had been members of contributions of the Colony to His charging to current account much ex- Majesty's Government towards the penditure on railway construction which in normal times would have Public opinion will do well to to war funds.
The freedom of the port was neces the Volunteer Corps.
Among the younger men of the expenses of the present war."
This special wer rate amounted to been met by loan. The revenue of take these figures to heart. It sarily restricted on the outbreak of
of 1010 a very great increase, and is not enough to be horrifled at. war, and soon after hostilities began European community who remained
a system of issuing permits for all behind there was growing discontent 7 per cent., and it was levied for two 1916 showed a further increase, that be From the money neeruing under the Agures much more than double the war in China. We must imports and exports was instituled, as the war went on. It was felt that years from the 1st of July 1017. with the object of controlling the in many instances they could
venues the Colony handed over in all appreciably due to increased taxation. movement of prohibited goods and spared by their employers for service these two laws and from surplus res that of 1013. This result was not realise that the war is only con-
PLEASE Turn To Page 7. enemy. In the field.
Accordingly, early in 1917, a com- to the Imperial Government, as
of Chairman which free contribution in ald of war ex- tinuing by the kind permission preventing trade with the
This system was maintained until the
mission, the of Britain and America,
mendable
end.
*
*
JUDGED by revenue returns, Hong- kong prospered imazingly during
to raise a war loan up to the the war.
口
Page 30Page 31