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One Thousand Terrible Years
ONCE upon a time there
Was a king named Charlemagne. This king was a plain, simple, stern, suc- cessful go-getter. He con- quered most of France and Germany and much else be- sides.
He "converted" to Christianity the heathen Germans-who at that time worshipped the same kind of gods As the Ancient Britons id-by offering them the choice of being christened or being massacred.
Now, when old Charlemagne died in 814, he left his empire to his sons. These sons, like so many of the sona of famous men, were' no-goods, more or less. They were not a patch on. the old man,
One Of History's
A QUARTER of a century ago to- day, German troops invaded France-- on Agust 2, 1914. The invasion was the beginning of the Great War, the four years of carnage that robbed the world of nine million men..
This is the story of France and Ger- many through the ages-of a thousand years or more of bloodshed and misery.
Millions and millions of lives have been lost in it. Millions and millions of money have been spent on it.
Nobles and students, professors and peasants, shouldered their munkets.
Napoleon's instructions, "at lenst insult from a village or town, burn it down," were of no avail.
the
Although the Germans were allow- ed to have only a microscopic army, they instituted short-term service and gradually drilled great sections of the population in defiance of Napoleon. German Guns
In Paris
Then came Napoleon's fall. The tables were turned,
The Prussians' commander was the stern Blucher. Marshal Vorwarts he was called. That was his only com- mind-Forward!"
He crossed the Rhine in 1814, went right through France, planted his cannon on Montmartre and sent the Prussian Guards marching through the sulten crowds of Paris.
Napolean went to banishment nt Elba, and Blucher Icft Paris, Napoleon came back at Waterloo, and Blucher helped to beat him there, and then marched inte Paris again. Best Jokes
The man who enlarged and pro- able kindness and well fed, but their The old barbarian spirit came to They agreed to divide up his longed this dreadful war was France's generain distrusted each other. The the top when Blucher came to Paris. empire-Germany, Franco, Northern Cardinal Richelieu,
Germans were trained by cruelty, "Plunder," he crted. He wanted to Italy, etc.-among them, none being.
The Prussians called Naturally he sent his own con-
Into the loot the place. It was only with good enough to take on the thing ungents into the Thirty Years' war.
French and beat them heartily. They great difficulty that Wellington held himself.
So again the Germans were, fight moved just as regularly and re him back, The joke, one of the best Jokes in
lentlessly as they might on the parade Then there was peace for both history, was that these brothers should ing the French.
Franch The war ended with the Treaty of ground.
and
Germans-peace for rule their respective lands in peace Westphalia (1048), a treaty that was Europe was petrified. It realised at them to prepare for the next tussic. and brotherly love.
There were two curious things What actually happened was that to rankle in German hearts for cen- last that the French army was not
turies.
what it had been. A cloud of terror about these years of peace, Napoleon, the brothers and their successors
France obtained Alsace. She also lifted. The Hing of England, it is urch-enemy of Germany, proved her over the divided had the "right of gitarantee" to op- related.-seetmed years younger after greatest friend,
His overthrow of the 300-odd pose the union of any German States he heard the news, with each other.
The French vanished off the map princes paved the way for German Keeping Germany in this mince-
unity, to lick their wounds.
unity that was to be France's meat state became the keynote of
No Frenchman ever forgot this downfall. Jis cutting down of the French polley, and the effects of the great defeat. It was so terrible n Prussian army made the Prussians war and the treaty were still felt in Blow that Napoleon traced the whole invent short-term service that Germany up to 1880.
fall of the Bourbons from it.
started to dispute
So the Germans fought, with the
inheritance.
French.
And thus the stage was set for a long, long quarrel.
✰
SA
IN 1689 Louis XIV. decided, for
*
graduntly ballt up the most terrible army In Europe-the army that was to overthrow his successor, Napoleon III.
TINTIL the time of Frederick
the Great the French had That was Fate's Irony. despised the Germans. Now they
Germany grew greater and greater, began to fear them.
It beenme more and more united, its industries. It grew From then on they saw the relent- developed
flogged-into-action German more aggressive, military machine advancing on them led by a man who did not mind tearing up scraps of paper.
Jess
DISMARCK, the man af blood
BIS
भै AS It developed, the French be- gan at times almost to look
☆ TO SUCH schorne as that planned upon it as a Holy War,
The business of pitching into the for the United Kingdom regard-German barbarians had been begun
political reasons, to lay waste. the Lower Palatinate by fire and Ing cover for war risks has yet been by, the Caesars, Tommy Dorsey's Orell. evolved In Hongkong, and
Augustus sent the Latins to fight sword. it is the Germans about the time Christ So the French marched into Ger Benny Goodman's Orch. ..Paul Whiteman's Orch. unlikely that any action will be was born. A whole ariny under one many.
Heldelberg, Mannheim, Speyer and Varus fell into the hands of a bar. Laicen.
barian chief called, Arminlus, in the Worms were sacked, Ladenburg and .Benny Goodman's Orch.
In London, the Government has forests of Teutoborg, and he treated Oppenheim burred, large tracts of
Then the German bogey vanished
and iron, the maker of the them as the Abyssinians treated the country ravaged, ond the Rhine dis-
for a while. At the dawn sent Varus trict in great measure ruined. Benny Berigan's Orch. evolved a scheme for covering those Italians at Adowa, and
of the new Germany, the man with twenty-
hend to Rome.
Frederick
nineteenth century Napoleon gave the six duel scars on his face, was the case risks to which, in
The Prussian
Germans the biggest load of trouble Instigator of it all. Augustus was heartbroken at the
they had yet shouldered.
Tension grew and grew until, in enemy attack, clvillant life and pro-defeat, and went round his palace
But a swift change was to come mumbling. Varus; Varus, give me
In 1800 the French poured nerosa 1870, nothing could hold the age-old perty will be exposed. There the back my legions."
on the scene, in 1740 Frederick the the Rhine. North Germany was con- partisans back..
So the Germans fought the French the same Great came to the throne of Prussia. verted Into a French garrison. It was always almost scheme has two conspicuous merits.
He started training Prussians ns
A French subject State called the again. country where the battles took place.
them with Rhenish Confederation was formed. It was an astonishing war, Blucher In the Best place it provides Insurance
1813,
Moltke in 1870, soldiers. He trained
The conduct of the war by the terrible cruelty and many floggings. This Rhine State had been the dream marched through the very same face lle made them move on parade like of Richelieu and his follower Mazarin. French in this the culmination of a that barbarians marched through
of blood is among the when they broke into the
as a means of keeping Germany down, millennium Roman clockwork.
Frederick is highly significant, be- but they had never been able to great disgraces of history.
The French had many advantages, Empire.
. The defensive positions of the cause he began the great German accomplish it.
in 1919 tradlilon of tearing up scraps of paper. Napoleon, advancing, simply smash including a new machinegun, but that French army in occupation
Frederick, in common with other ed Prussin up at the battle of Jenn: availed them nothing. followed the same general lines as
The General Staf was terrible, the those of the Romans. Through all Powere, had signed a scrap of paper His armles chased the Germans right
to the border, War Ofee unbelievably corrupt. of respect the territories
The railways were choked, every- history blood seemed destined to flow promising that the signatories would across their country
Marla Never before and there been such an in this Rhineland.
thing was disorganised. The armies From the first there was antagonism Theresa, who had inherited the throne ignominious rout.
was fearful of de- Napoleon entered Berlin, the hung about walting fór cholera belts enemy capital, in triumph with his and camp kettles. between the French and the Germans, of Austria, and
You can read how n French king predations.
Some of the French soldiers found He honoured his promise by mar- guards. He issued his Inws and the
barefooted in winter extended his kingdom to the Rhine
Austrian German princes sank to courting his themselves dominions to seize Silesia.
favour as he carved the land up and mows, because of stores mismanage- in D11 and a German ruler recovered ching, straight into the the booty in 931.
He marched with grim determina- distributed the pieces as it pleased ment: Others, found that ramally How another Frenchman-Tenched
-contractore-bad-filled-their-bullets. in 940, and tlon, a bottle of poison ever in his him.
pocket, so that he might kill himself Prussia suffered terrible humilla- with sawdust. out for the Rhineland Otto the Great repulsed him.
tions. It became a French vassai The French soldiers were brave in 1low a third surprised the German if he lost a battle.
That was a new spirit to the Ger- State. Its army was limited to the teeth of these difficulties, but they men. It was bled had perhaps the worst leadership that. Emperor in his palace at Aachen and
had ever been seen in a modern war, considerable contempt, and it dry financially. when the German drove the French made the French shiver in their beds.
held drove him back until the next year, mans, whom the world had hitherto miserable 42,000
The lovely Queen of Prussia, who Molike, head of the German army, man to the very walls of Paris.
Frederick was establishing the in vain had begged Napoleon for had worked out a new plan of fight- The Germans were fighting the
Prussian spirit.
mercy, died of a broken heart. The ing, of which the French French.
So the French set'ont again to fight country was reduced to being a source nothing. the Germans.
of supply of food and men Napoleonic campaigns. Trained in
THE STEAM LAUNDRY CO.
Head Office & Works 57032
er compensation for the loss of life as well as for the damage to property: and in the second place it places the burden of compensation on the com- munity as a whole, thus recognising the nation's obligation to accept responsibility for the consequences to the non-combatant population of facing a national danger. Nothing could be better designed to sustain among the people a constant mind In the prospect or under the ordeal of war than the knowledge that dis- ablement and destruction are assured of adequate compensation by the State. Detalls of the scheme have yet to be filled in, but its scope and principle will certainly recommend it to acceptance,
For volunteers in air-raid services,
☆ ND on through the ages the tvo races lived in fear of one
for civilians mainly dependent for another. Ever new causes to augment
Cruelty
The French army, flower of Eur- ope's inilitary force, met Frederick's
*
.
for
T last, as the days of Waterloo broke, Prussla could bear
their livelihood on their employ-the rent enmity seem to have been
found.
In the fifteenth century the great at Rossbach, in Prussin. The French 'no longer. There was a terrific rising
ment, and for members of the mer- cantile marine, compensation injury will be payable at applicable standard rates. As for private pro- perty, since no basis for an actuarial calculation can exist, compensation from publle funds is to be paid "on the highest scule compatible with on his inheritance like vultures.
for adventurer Charles the Bold carved soldiers were trained with consider- against the conqueror.
himself a realm out of the French? and German border Principailties extending from the Channel through Switzerland,
the
When he died his daughter married Maximilian. German Emperor Both Charles' old neighbours pounced
So
the circumstances of the country French.
after and not before a conflict." That is a very proper and a very important proviso, to which is attach-
Hong Kong Depot, Tel. 21270. Gloucester Bldg, 2nd Fir., Tel. 20938. ed the assurance that assessment of Peak Depot,
Tel, 29352,
Kowloon Depot.
COPIES OF
PHOTOGRAPHS
by "Staff Photographer" appearing in the
tlac Germans
Across The
Rhine Again
fought
the
In the middle of the sixteenth century Henry the Second of France pushed eastwards and captured Metz, Toul and Verdun.
Charles V., the German Emperor, replied by crossing the Rhine and laying Blege to Metz.
The Germans fought the French, Louis XII, of France came to the throne in 1610. There wonted peace.
Y
**
was an un-
Tel. 58545
the damage will be immediate, and *** that the Compensation Board will be www presided over by one of his Majesty's Judges. A plan has also been worked out for the emergency reconstruction of essential properly. Thus far for compensation. With regard to marine
It was the quiet before the storm, war risks, a comprehensive scheme for between 1614 and 1814 the of insurance has been worked out French were to cross the Rhine with death in their hands at least half a with the mutual war risks associa- dozen times. tions, and under this scheme the The fight soon began again. Governinent will reinsure the noso- clations up to 80 per cent. of the value insured. A similar scheme hos
1t was to develop into the most been devised for the Insurance of
terrible war Europe has ever seen; cargoes, and for essential stocks on
the great war not excepted. land; and in all these cases premiums
It was called the Thirty Years' an war. will not become payable until'
Its bloody struggles reduced Ger. barbarism. 11 emergency arlees. The intention is to
many practically to
the famished to a scheme also devise
cover in sald that in places
peasants became cannibals. retallers who slock essential commo-i
Certain it is that the soldiers be- ditles. It is evident that the Govern-came mere brigands living on the countryside, that farmers ment have surveyed this problem of German war-risk insurance very thoroughly. ceased cultivation in despair, and that starving women and children follow- Though luto, it is fortunately not too ed the armies over the ruined roads which to one had any money to TO-
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lato,
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RELIGIOUS war had broken
Germany in 1018.
GRIN AND BEAR IT.
knew
Until then, armies had met each other face to face.
Moltke had a new tactle. He spread his forces, attacked his enemy on: each wing, encircled and demolished them.
The French were rolled back.
In the crucial battle the French were led right into a valley with Germans all round them at Sedan.
Napoleon III., waxing his moust-
By Lichty ache, colouring his ash-grey cheeks
Cope, 1919 kivi Feature BysESANIA, ZAR,
"Yossir, wo covered a lot of ground-6,000 miles in two weeks! Brought back all theso postcards so we can look at the places we went through.'
to conceal the pain he was in, rode about hoping to be killed in battle.
He was suffering from cancer of the stomach, and it was agony to him lo slt a horse.
This may have had something to do with his Furrender to the Germans with 83,000 prisoners.
*
THE real heroism of the French people had a chance to show itself not in war, but in the peace. Blamarck planned a terrife revenge. was healing' Far from his thoughts the wound. His idea was to cripple the French for the next thirty years. He planned to do it by exacting an astronomical indemnity of 5,000,000,- 000 francs (£200,000,000).
The German army was to stay in hated occupation until it was paid.
The money was found in a few months. Nothing like it had ever been seen before.
Peasants hobbled up with their long black woollen stockings, children took their pocket money to the anony- mous contribution boxes put up in public places.
"Godi"
ald Bismarck when he heard, "I wish I had made it twice as much."
Bismarck erred in his calculation of the French capacity for plunder, be- cause he judged only by the deposita in the banks. He took too little ac- count of the peasants' woollen stock- Inga.
So the Germans went from Franco and the two nations went on hat each other still.. The monuments to Alsace and Loraine were draped i crepe in Paris. The French planned their revenge, and named their dogs "Dismarck."
1914-the And then fought the French again,
Germans
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