THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, August 2, 1989.
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One Thousand Terrible Years
ONCE upon a time there
was a king named Charlemagne. This king was a plain, simple, stern, suc- PRESIDENT & SEDANS|cessful go-getter. He con-
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War Risk Cover
quered most of France and Germany and much else be-
sides,
He "converted" to Christianity the heathen Germans-who at that time worshipped the same kind of gods as the Ancient Britons did-by offering them the choice of being christened or being massacred.
Now, when old Charlemagne died in 814, he left his empire to his sons. These sons, like so many of the sons of famous men, were ro-goods, more or less. They were not a patch on the old man.
One Of History's
Best Jokes
A QUARTER of a century ago to- day, German troops invaded France-- on Agust 2, 1914. The invasion was the beginning of the Great War, the four years of carnage that robbed the world of nine million men.
This is the story of France and Ger- many through the ages--of a thousand
Nobles and students, professors and pcusants, shouldered their muskets.
Napoleon's instructions, "at the least Insult from village or town, burn it down," were of no avall.
Although the Germans were allow ed to have only a microscopie army, they instituted short-term service and gradually-drilled great sections of the population in defiance of Napoleon. German Guns
In Paris
Then came Napoleon's fall. The tables were turned.
The Prussiana' commander was the stern Blucher. Marshal Vorwarts ho was called. That was his only com- mand-"Forward!"
crossed the Rhine in went
years or more of bloodshed and misery. right through France, planted his
Millions and millions of lives have been lost in it. Millions and millions of money have been spent on it.
cunhon on Montmartre and sent the Prussian Guards marching through the sullen crowds of Paris.
Napoleon went to banishment at Elbo, und Blueber left Paris, Napoleon came back at Waterloo, and Blucher helped to beat him there, and then marched into Paris again, The man who entarged and pro- able kindness and well fed, but their The old barbarian spirit came to They agreed to divide up his tonged this dreadful war was France's generals distrusted each other. The the top when Blucher came to Paris. Germans were trained by cruelty. "Plunder," he cried. He wanted to empire Germany, France, Northern Cardinal Richelieu.
into The Prussians sailed
the foot the place. It was only with Naturally he sent his own con- Italy, etc.among them, none being good enough to take on the thing tingents into the Thirty Years' war.
French and beat them heartily. They great difficulty that Wellington held So again the Germans were fight- moved just regularly nad, re- im back. The joke, one of the best jokes in ing the French.
Then there was lentlessly as they might on the parade
pence for both French and Gormans-peace for history, was that these brothers should
The war ended with the Treaty of 'ground. rule their respective lands in peace Westphalia (1648), a treaty that was Europe was petrified. It realised at them to prepare for the next tussle.
There were two curious thinga and brotherly love.
to rankle f: German hearts for cen- last that the French army was not What actually happened was that turies.
what it had been. A cloud of terror about these years of peace. Napoleon, the brothers and their successors
France obtained Alsace. She also lifted. The King of England, it is arch-enemy of Germany, proved her had the "right of guarantee to op- related, seemed years younger after greatest friend.
himself.
started to dispute over the divided
inheritance.
So the Germans fought with the
French.
And thus the stage was set for a leng, long quarrel.
✰
gan at times almost to look
with each other.
His overthrow of the 300-odd way for German pose the union of any German States lie heard the news,
The French vanished off the map princes paved the Kreping Germany in this mince to lick their wounds.
unity, unity that was to be France's meat state became the keynute of
No Frenchman ever forgot this downfall. His cutting down of the the Prussions French policy, and the effects of the great defent. It WDS so terrible & Prussian army made
short-term service that war and the treaty were still felt in Blow that Nepoleon traced the whole invent
gradually built up the most terrible fall of the Bourbons from it.
army in Europe-the army that was to overthrow his successor, Napoleon
That was Fate's irony. Germany grew greater and greater, united, It became more and more
gre x
As it developed, the French be- Germany up to 1880. upon it as a Holy War.
✩
☆ TN 1680 Louis XIV. decided, for IN NO SUCH scheme as that planned
The business of pitching into the
political reasons, to lay waste for the United Kingdom regard-German barbarians had been begun the Lower Palatinate by fire and ing cover for war risks has yet been
taken.
be
by the Caesars.
Augustus sent the Latins to fight sword. the Germans about the time Christ
The Prussian
A
✰ UNTIL the time of Frederick III, despised the
the Great the French had Germans. Now they Eegan to fear them.
Artie Shaw's Orch.
So the French marched into Ger- From then on they saw the relent- developed its Industries. It .Tommy Dorsey's Orch,
less flogged-into-action German more aggressive. Benny Goodman's Orch. evolved in Hongkong, and it is
Heidelberg, Mannheim, Speyer and military ntschine advancing on them Paul Whiteman's Orch. unlikely that any action will was born. A whole army under one many
Vurus fell into the hands of a bar- barian chief called Arminius, in the Worms were sacked, Ladenburg und -led by a man who did not mind
RISMARCK, the man, of bload D and Iron, the maker of the forests of Teutoberg, and he treated Oppenheim burned, large tracts of tearing up scraps of paper. .Benny Goodman's Orch. :
Then the German bogey vanished In London, the Government has
them as the Abyssinians treated the country ravaged, and the Rhine dis-
of the new Germany, the man with twenty- for a while. At the-down sent Varus triet in great measure ruined, Benny Berigan's Orch.evolved a scheme for covering those Italians at Adowa, und
Frederick
nineteenth century Napoleon gave the six duel scars on his face, was the head to Rome.
Germans the biggest load of trouble instigator of it all. of casc
Tension grew and grew until, in war risks to which, in
Augustus was heartbroken at the
they had yet shouldered. round his palace
But a swift change was to come In 1800 the French poured acros: 1870, nothing could hold the nge-old enemy altack, civilian life and pro-defeat, and went
mumbling, "Varus, Vacus, give me
on the scene. In 1740 Frederick the the Rhine, North Germany was con- partisans back There the back my legions.”
So the Germans fought the French perty will be exposed.
the same Great came to the throne of Prussin. verted into a French garrison. It was always almost
A French subject State culled the again.
It was an astonishing war. scheme has two conspicuous 'merita country where the battles took place. He started training. Prussians as
them
was formed. soldiers. He trained
with Rhenish Confederation
The conduct of the war by the Blucher in 1013, Moltke in 1070, terrible cruelty and many floggings. This Rhine State had been the dream In the first place it provides insurance
of blood is among the or compensation for the loss of life murched through the very same gates He made them move on parade like of Richelieu and his follower Mazarin, French In this the culmination of
that barbarians marched through
ns u means of keeping Germany down, millennium broke into the Roman clockwork.
Frederick is highly significant, be- but they had never been able to great disgraces of history. as well as for the damage to property; when they
The French had many advantages. Empire. and in the second place it places the
The defensive positions of the enuse he began the great German accomplish It.
In 1919 tradition of tearing up scraps of paper. Napoleon, advancing, simply smash- including a new machinegun, but that
Frederick, in common with other ed Prussia up at the battle of Jens, availed them nothing.
The General Staff was terrible, the burden of compensation on the com-French army In occupation
followed the same general lines as
Romans. Through all Powers, had signed a scrap of paper His armies chased the Germans right
to the border. War Offee unbellevably corrupt. munity as a whole, thus recognising those of the
The railways were choked, every history blooti seemed destined to flow promising that the signatories would across their country
of respect the territories
Marla Never before and there been such an '
thing was disorganised. The armies nation's obligation to accept in this Rhineland.
From the first there was antagonism Theresa, who had inherlied the throne ignominious rout
Napoleon entered Berlin, the hung about waiting for cholera belts responsibility for the consequences to
between the French and the Germans. of Austria, and was fearful of de-
enemy capital, in triumph with his and camp keflies.
Some of the French soldiers found the non-combatant, population
You'
can read how a French king predations.
He honoured his promise by mar- guards. He issued his laws and the
barefooted in winter Into the Austrian German princes sank to courting his themselves facing a national danger. Nothing extended his kingdom to the Rhine
in 911 and a German rules recovered ching straight
dominions to seize Slesin.
favour as he carved the land up and anows, because of stores mismanage. could "be better designed-to-sustain-the-booty-in-831.
contractors had-filled-their-bullets How another Frenchman reached. He marched with grim-determina--distributed the pieces as it pleased ment. Others found that rascally anong the people a constant mind
out for the Rhineland in 040, and tion, a bottle of poison ever in his him.
Prussia suffered terrible humilla- with sasedus pocket, so that he might kill himself
tions. It became a French vassal The French soldiers were brave in in the prospect or under the ordeal Otta the Great repulsed him.
if he lost a battle.
was limited to the feeth of these difficulties, but they That was a new spirit to the Ger- State. Ils army of war than the knowledge that dis-
had ever been seen in a modern war. ablement and destruction are assured
mans, whom the world had hitherto miserable 42,000 men. It was bied and perhaps the worst leadership that The lovely Queen of Prussia, who Moltke, head of the German army, of adequate compensation by the
held in considerable contempt, and it dry financially. made the French shiver in their beds.
Frederick VIE establishing the in vain had begged Napoleon for had worked out a new plan of fight- the French knew State. Detalls of the scheme have
Prussian spirit.
mercy, died of a broken heart. The Ing. of which yet to be filled in, but its scope and
So the French set out again to fight country was reduced to being a source nothing. the Germans,
of supply of food and principle will certainly recommend It
Napoleonic campaigns. to acceptance,
THE STEAM LAUNDRY CO.
Head Office & Works 57032
the
of
How a third surprised the German Emperor in his palace at Aachen and drove him back until the next year, when the German drove the French man to the very walls of Paris.
The Germans were fighting the French.
☆
*
ND on through the ages the A
two races lived in fear of one
Trained in Cruelty
For volunteers in air-raid services,another, Ever new causes to augment The French army, flower of Eur-
for civilians mainly dependent fur the great enmity seem to have been their livelihood on their employ-found.
ope's military force, met Frederick's
★
for men
*
Until then, armics had met each other face to face.
Moltke hnd a new tactic. He spread his forces, attacked his enemy on T last, as the days of Waterloo each wing, encircled and demolishet
broke, Prussia could bear it them.
AT
GRIN AND BEAR IT
The French were rolled bac
battle the French In the crusini were led right into a valley with Germans all round them at Sedan,
Napoleon III., waxing his moust-
By Lichty ache, calouring his ash-grey cheeks
In the Afteenth century the great at Rossbach, in Prussio. The French 'no longer. There was a terrific rising ment, and for members of the mer- adventurer Charles the Bold carved soldiers were trained with consider against the conqueror. cantile marine, compensation for himself a realm out of the French! German border Principalities: injury will be payable at applicable and standard rates. As for private pro-extending from the Channel through
Switzerland.
When he died his daughter married perty, since no basis for an actuarial calculation, can 'exist, compensation the German Emperor Maximilian, Both Charlex' ald neighbours pounced from public funds is to be paid "on on his inheritance like vultures. the highest scale compatible with
So French.
the
Germans
the circumstances of the country after
not before a conflict." Across The and That is a very proper and a very
Hong Kong Depot, Tel. 21270. Gloucester Bldg., 2nd Flr., Tel. 20938. important proviso, to which is attach- Peak Depot,
www
Tel. 20352.
Kowloon Depot.
COPIES OF
Tel. 58545ed the assurance that assessment of the damage will be immediate, and that the Compensation Board will be presided over by one of his Majesty's judges. A plan has also been worked out for the emergency reconstruction of essential properly. Thus far for compensation. With regard to marine
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Rhine Again
fought
the
In the middle of the sixteenth pushed eastwards and captured Metz, century Henry the Second of France Toul and Verdun.
Charles V., the German Emperor, replied by crossing the Rhine and laying siege to Metz.
The Germans fought the French. Louis XII, of France came to the throne in 2010. There was an un- wonted peace.
I was the quiet before the storm, i for between 1014 and 1914 the
war risks, a comprehensive scheme French were to cross the Thine with
of Insurance has been worked out death in their hands at least half a
СА
The fight soon began again.
M
RELIGIOUS war had broken
out in Germany in 1010.
the most
It was to develop into terrible war Europe has ever seen, the great war not excepted.
war.
with the mutual war risks associa dozen times. tions, and under this scheme the Government will reinsure the asso- eiations up to 80 per cent. of the value Insured. A almilar scheme has been devised for the insurance of cargoes, and for essential stocks on
It was called the Thirty Years" land; und in all these cases premiums
Its bloody struggles reduced Ger- will not become payable unt!! emergency arises. The intention is to many practically to barbarisin. 1 the famished In nak that in placea to scheme also
cover devise a
peasants became cannibals,
Certain it is that the soldiers be- retailers who stock 'essential commo-
on the dities. It is evident that the Gavern- came mere briganda living
German countryside, that farmers ment have surveyed this problem of ceased cultivation In despair, and that war-risk insurance very thoroughly starving women and children fellow- ed the armies over the ruined roads Though late, it is fortunately not too which no one had any money to re-
patr..
late.
|gulf
Kege, 1991 by Bälted Fasized Bruchate. Ther
"Yessir, we cavered á lot of ground 6,000 miles in two wooks! Brought back all these postcards so we can look at the places we went through."
to conceal the pain he was in, rode about hoping to be killed in battle.
cancer of He was suffering from the stomach, and it was agony to him to sit a horse.
This may have had something to do with his surrender to the Germans with 83,000 prisoners.
✩
★
THE real heroism of the French people had a chance to show itself not in war, but in the peace. Bismarck planned a terrific revenge. was healing For from his thoughts the wound. His idea was to cripple Khe French for the next thirty years. He planned to do it by exacting an astronomical Indemnity of 8,000,000,- 000 francs (£200,000,000).
The German army was to stay in hated occupation until it was pald,
in a fow The money was found months. Nothing like it had over been seen before.
Peasants hobbled up with their long black woollen stockings, children took their pocket money to the anony mous contribution boxes put up in public places.
"God!" said Blamarck when he heard, "I wish I had made it twier as much."
Bismarck erred in his calculation of the French enpacity for plunder, be- .cause he judged only by the deposits in the banks. He took too little ne- count of the peasanta' woollen stock- inga.
So the Germans went from Franco- and the two nations went on hating each other still. The monuments to Alsace and Loralne were draped fu crepe in Paris. The French planned their revenge, and named their dogs "Bismarck.
And then
2014-the fought the French again.
Germana