THE HONGKONG Telegraph, TUESDAY, JULY 18, 1935.
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RECORDS
CAN GIVE YOU A MUSIC FESTIVAL IN YOUR OWN HOME AT ALL TIMES
The Mastersingers of Nuremberg (Wagner)
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Phones: 27778-9
The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Complete recording of Act 3 with an ideal cast. Including Wyndham St., Hongkong Chorus of the Dresden State Opera, the Saxon State Orchestra
Album Series No. 329
Alfred Cortot with:-
Album No. 330
Concerto No. 2 in F minor (Chopin) John Barbirolli's Orchestra
Symphony No. 86 in D Major (Haydn). London Symphony Orch. The Hundred Kisses ID'elanger)
Ballet Suite
London Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted By-Antal Dorati The Dancing Years-(Ivor Novello's Latest Drury Lane Success) With:--Mary Ellis-Ivor Novello-Olive Gilbert and Roma Beaumont Rondo from "Haffner" Serenade (Mozart} Ballade No. 3 in A Flat Major (Chopin)
'Phone 26615 July 18, 1939
"Magic Carpet"
ONE of the most
valuable
aspects of air transport is the .Fritz Kreisler service it now renders to indus- Benno Moiseiwitschtry in the rapid transport of
S. MOUTRIE & Co., Ltd. urgent freight. And in aerish
York Bldg.
Tel. 20527
Chater Road,
SEJERCADASTRINAURANTENNE E A TRENTAGRAFERINTEL NIPPLE DISPERSAL MIT ZAPARINTIES CREASES INLINE 4830
Swan Culbertson &
Investment Bankers and Brokers
Members of New York Cotton Exchange
Chicago Board of Trade
Winnipog Grain Exchange
Frith
Commodity Exchange, Inc., New York
Canadian Commodity Exchange, Inc., Montreal.
Now York Coffee and Sugar Exchange
Manila Stock Exchange
Hongkong Sharobrokers Association
Shanghai Stock Exchango.
SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, MANILA AND SINGAPORE Cable Address: Swanstock
"Good morning, sunshine 1" "Go to blaser 1" "Now, now temper! That's not like mummy's little 'blue- eyed boy,"
"Oh, go and climb a tree. I hops you get a thick head like mine. Teach you to jeer."
"Thank you, I can jeer perfectly well I don't need any lessons. As for the thick head so long as I stick to Girhlets or have a stiff glass of Rose's lime juice before I glide beneath my mos- quito net I'll never get one."
cargo-carrying fresh points of interest are arising constantly.
an
Just at the moment--as a chat with an Imperial Airways oflicin reveals-two new facts are worth noting. One is increasing variety in the loads. now consigned by air-particu-. larly on European routes. The other is the still greater time- saving made possible by the speed of new express-planes operating on continental routes.
"Anything from a motor-car part to a box of flowers; or from a consignment of wireless valves to a valuable pedigree dog"!
That is how a freight official illustrates the variety in the loads now forthcoming,
He goes on to emphasise how 6****** | speed in the air is reinforced by speed on the ground. On receipt
"You'll get one now if you don't clear out. [Pause.) What did you say about lime juice ♪ " "My dear fellow-the path- ology of the common hangover is intereating. The blood alcohol content falls rapidly after ad- ministration of Rose's Lime Juice-the stomach 67. "Fred does this stuff work retrospectively?"
"No harm in trying. Send your boy out for a bottle of Rose's now." **BOY!"*
of a message that a load is on its way to London by train, prepara- tory to dispatch by air, arrange- ments are made immediately for this consignment to be collected at the rail terminus and rushed to Croydon to catch the next outgoing air service. It is a question of saving minutes as well as of hours and days.
Britain's inland air-lines are playing an increasing part in the acceleration of urgent loads. Put aboard an express-plane say at Glasgow, a consignment can be flown to the Croydon air-port, schedules being so arranged that an immediate connection in established at Croydon with one of the continental air-liners leaving for Peris or some other destination across the Channel.
He's False Alarm Fireman
Danville, Pa.
A member of the Washington Fire Company was convicted of sending in He allegedly a falso fire alarm. called the fire company and then stood in the middle of the street and directed traffic,
WILL THEY KEEP THE
GATE
CLOSED?
How strong
is the Axis?
N
BY DOUGLAS JAY
A21
and Germany Fascist Italy are econo- mically much less able, to fight a long war than either Britain, France, Russia or the United States,
We must not count on Fascist Anance producing sudden "col- lapse" or "bankruptcy" during
peace time.
"Bankruptcy" in
the normal sense exists only in the world of capitalist econo- mies, where economic relations are free and uncontrolled.
In that world you go bankrupt il nobody will work for you any longer, or if you have not the money to buy the goods you want.
In Nazi Germany coercion and terror can always be used if goods and services cannot be socured voluntarily. As long, therefore, as there is no external resistance to Nazi aggression, the system can hardly go bankrupt. A brigand can. bankrupt if the police wt Eo let him rons he pleases.
point
ON the contrary. Hitler finance has now reached Ruch LL revolutionary that
leaders the Nazl must, for economic reasons alone, further feel impelled towards aggression. First, the shortage of foretum exchange, due to war pre- paration, has, been twice
solved during
the past year by the
seizure of gold and foreign securities in Austria and Czecho-Slovakia.
But each mobilisation uses up imported materials; and the more imported
evidently Nael authorities count on replenishing them by the seizure of more foreign gold.
Secondly, a
part of German Government expenditure is now being covered not by cash, but by promises
ises to let the taxpayer off his This taxes a year or so hence. system also cannot work unless the authorities are intending to seize new territories and tax them ruth- lesaly also.
DIE
now
So it would be too optimistle to expect either that the system will break down quickly in peace tinė, or that its weaknesses will restrain the Nazi leaders from risky aggres sion.
Only the certainty of col- lective resistance will do that.
But in actual war between great Powers the economic weakness of Germany, and to a greater degree Italy. would increase with every month of the struggic.
THIS is not mainly be cause, as is sometimes anid, the Nazis huto "used up their reserves" bofore the war beglas, whereas the de- mocracica have kept theirs intact. Actually the greater economic preparation of Nazi Germany-the fact that the system is already. working all out--would at the out- bet be in the Nazis' favour.
Germany would have two roal- weaknesses. First, her loability to produce
Import certain esoci-
tial raw materials. Secondly, the lower resisting power of a people who would embark on the struggle after already having made pro- longed sacrifices, both material and psychological.
Germany in wartime could pro- duce a large proportion of the necessary food supplies, but not the whole. Probably 20 per cent. would still have to be imported, and exports would have to be sold Even in order to pay for these.
chronic so, there would be faming of certain foods, such as butter and eggs.
IN munition - making power Germany is ex- tremely formidable, par- ticularly after the seizure of Czecho Elovakia.
Steel produc-
tion is still 50 per cent. greater than oure, and coal as great. In aircraft production we are only about drawing level.
But Germany's manufacturing machine could not function for long without imported materials. The need for timber has been largely solved as a result of the conquest of Austria and Czecho- Slovakia, and textiles could be partly supplied by the new wood substitute for wool-which is the
.ono
real success of the "substitute programme."
But in oll, Iron ore and rubber enormous imports would be neces- sary, and in certain other materials thero would be a continuously critical situation. It is unlikely that Rumania could supply all the oll necessary for a warring Germany, even if the Nazis had complete control of the Rumanian all wells and if those wells were ruthlessly and uneconomically exploited.
Big supplies of ore both from Spain and Sweden-assuming Lorraine not to be conquered-- would be necessary. If the Nazis controlled the Baltic, Sweden would be compelled to sell; but Spanish supplies would clearly be more dimcult to secure.
"
OTHER cercals and be would mineral
from drawn largely south-eastern Europe; and the consequences of the Munich Agree ment have enormously increased the Nazis power of drawing raw materials from that area.
and strategical position would be altered, and the Nazis' chief war problem would be solved.
Italy's Importing problem would be far more acute, and can be illustrated by one polni. Big im- ports of coal are essential to Italy. and normally she gets them from Britain, Poland and elsewhere. It she were blockaded in the Mediter- mnean, and had to get coal from Germany, Boeds-trains full of coal would have to run day and night on both the two railways between Italy and Germany, to the exclu- sion of all other traffic, to keep Italian Industry going.
Most Important of all, even where Imports could be strategically obtained by Germany or Italy, they would have to be paid for wherever the terroristic weapon could not be used; and in the ultimate power of buying imparts Britain and France are immeasurably „stronger_than the Fascist States.
Neither derinany nor Italy has any. thing but a negligible reserve of gold of foreign securities; and it is only the seizure of £100,000,000 or so of forelga Assets, now largely exhausted, from Austria and Czecho-Slovakin that has kept Germany going in the past year. Great Britain has £700.000.000 of gold, as well as probably £3,000,000,000 of foreign securities. FTODEC bas £500,000,000 of gold and a very big reserve of cecuriiles.
IN any long struggle these colossal reserves would be bound to tell in the end, even if Russia and the United States were unwilling to supply- goods on credit to the democratic countries. In this sense it is a vital truth that the Fascist Governments have used up all their reserves already. Secondly, there is the crucial ques- tion of the staying power of the people, war did come, the German worker would start it having already endured five years of over-werk, under-payment, and under-feeding. The average Ger man is now working ten hours a day, and 60-00 110ura a week, for a real wage roughly equivalent to British unem ployment benefit.
Insurance and other contributions are forcibly deducted from his wage. his rado union organisations, have been destroyed, and all his cavings are in effect in the hands of the State.
On top of all this, he has to suffer a shortage of certain foods, auch as eggs and butter, which were con- aldered a normal necessity before the Nazi system descended upon him.
its works, therefore, mare out of fear than out of hope; and if war came fear and hunger would as a matter of course be redoubled. How long could propaganda aucceed in driving him on? That is where the economie break. down of the totalitarian States will
be reached-when ultimately
Europe Goes On Parade
W
7HAT of the European Powers? How do they with their young con-
deal scripts?
FRANCE
ALL Frenchmen between the ages of 20 and 50 are liable for military service.
On reaching 20, the recruit serves continuously with the Colours for then returns 10 two years, and civilian life. For the following two yeurs he is liable to immediate reenll to the petive Army without the pro- mulgation of special decrees.
be
Then, for the next 10 years-until Is 40 he is in the First Reserve, and for the following ten years in the Second Reserve,
-While in both Reserves he is called up for training in camp or barracks for a fortnight or three weeks every alternate year.
your,
Exemptions from military servico- are allowed only in the case of those not physically fit, but students weit- Ing to pass examinations or in train ing for certain special civilian occu- pations when reaching the age of 20 can postpone their period of service for two or three years. They cannot, however, escape it altogether.
ITALY
ITALIAN men receive com
pulsory training from the uge of 0 to 32, when their normal perlod of Army service is completed. After that they are liable to be draft- ed into the Army in case of emer Hency up to the age of 56.
"Catch them young, and we will see to it that they are mentally and physically moulded for the baille of national life," Is the slogan of the Italian Government.
Boys between 8 and 14 are trained by the Balilla, or youth organisation. This is chiefly a moral and physical education. Between 14 and 18 their training is in sports and games; and from 18 to 21 it is of a military character.
At 21 they become liable to com- pulsary military service, and the normal Umd of service in the active Army is 18 months for all armÁS. Posts they held before enlistment must be kept open for them on their return to civil life.
They are then placed on the Re- serve, liable for military service when called on until the age of 55.. During this period they undergo drills and military instruction at "regular but diminishing intervals. the
people themselves see that poverty is the reality and propaganda merely the façade of the oppression under which they live.
So while the free peoples must not under-rato the strength of the formid- abig nulitary maching now threatening then, they should have confidence in their own ultimate reserves of moral and material power. Properly organ- ined and united, those reserves must in the end be Invincible.
I think it is reasonable to assume that whereas Hitler could not have fought for more than six months before Munich, he could row, as a result of it, fight for two or three times long.
But oven BO the cereals and minerals of south-eastern Europe, like Rumania's ail, are not aufl- clent both to supply those coun- tries and to give a war-time
Though the first blow of Nuel Ger Germany all it would need.
many might be terrible, sho could not Hare one moral is plain and
win a long war if Russia 'were egninst paramount. If Russia were allen her. It is even now in the power of ated by the Western Powers and the Peace Front, therefore, not merely became sufficiently neutral to be to win a wor if it should come, but to willing to supply Germany with prevent it from coming by an over
whole material, the
economic whelming show of defensive strength,
RUSSIA
UNIVERSITY military ser
rule in Russia. Liablilty to service begins at the age of 10, when preparatory training on a militia başla begins. Thers follows, an advanced training, course of 200 hours. Later comes service with the Colours, and then on Reserve. The average number of men called up each year is 1,200,000 of whom about 400,000 gain exemption.
Pre-conscription military training, non-compulsory, is provided. in schools for boys and girls from 8 upwards, Moscow and Leningrad both have an infantry regiment in which the maximum ago in 10. „Girls. as well as boys are necepted for service.