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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615, July 4, 1939
Independence Day
ONE hundred and sixty-three years ago to-day fifty-five
..Fritz Kreister claration of Independence. by
Poland would
FIGHT
for freedom
T
THE Poles are ready to fight if their liberty is menaced, or their territory is invaded by the Germans. They will defend the freedom and independence which they have now 'recovered for twenty-one years, after enduring nearly one hundred and fifty years of oppression, divided up between the three Empires of the Romanovs, the Habsburgs and the Hohen- zollerns.
Too much blood was shed to regain Polish Independ- ence in a long tale of risings and revolutions throughout a century and a half of slavery for the Polish people to give up their precious freedom without fighting to the last in its defence.
This là an axiom of Eastern European politics. And that determination, moreover, la not confined to nationalists or militarists.
Polish Labour organised in the "P.P.B"the Polish Social- 1st Party was first in the present crisis to tell the world that they would strike back should their Republic bo menaced.
The Polish working people have a long revolutionary tradion. It was the PP.S. which in the darkest days of Tsarist ruic, when growing
bourgeols prosperity in Russlan
Poland was gradually killing the spirit of insurrection, added "National Independence" to their banner.
London Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted By-Antal Dorati The Dancing Years-ilvor Novello's Latest Drury Lane Success) With:-Mary Ellis-Ivor Novello-Olive Gilbert and Roma Beaumont signatures were set to the De- Rondo from "Haffner" Serenade (Mozart) Ballade No. 3 in A Flat Major (Chopin: ....Benno Moiseiwitsch which the "Representatives of the Cossacks on the barricades in
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Geo Pio-Ulski's String Quintette
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United States of America, in
The older generation of Poilsh Labour fought regular battles with
1005-1006.
The working classes in town and country flocked to join
the Pilsudski Legion in the
by JERZY SZAPIRO
German corridor should be cut through the "Polish Corridor."
The Polish people supported their emphatic negative to this sug- gestion by partial mobilisation.
No chances were taken. The Polish Government realised that one never knows where "conversa- tions" with Hitler end.
This mobilisation' was д perfect
Poland Is success. militarily one of the strongest countries in Europe. So far as the training of her troops and of the reserve goes, she still claims a slight superiority over Germany. where conscription was introduced only five years ago by the present regime.
The Polish standing army is about 400,000 strong, including the corps of Frontler Guards and various other semi-military bodies. To-day, after the partial mobili- sation, Poland has over half a million men standing to arms. Should war break out, she cant mobilise up to 5,000,000 men, and
Great War. Their sons burn to place round about 150 divisions in
Carry on these traditiona
The Polish worker-and the peasant in the same degree-feel responsible for the independence of their country for which so much of their blood was shed.
General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions," did "in the Name, and by authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that They are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, activation of the majority and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved..
To win independence from the tyranny of King George III cost the lives of some 7,000 American colonists. Almost 160 years later, the United States expend- ed treasure incalculable and the lives of 30,000 of its young men, in aiding England's defence against a continental aggressor.
Many ties, besides that of the common sacrifice of the flower of their manhood in the struggle against the mailed fist a quarter] of a century ago, are serving to-
When the Peasant and Socialist parties, in opposition for the last years, asked for participa- in the Government and for a demo- twelve cratic electoral law they declared. in-support-of-their-claim: "Poland's national defence cannot be effective and strong without an
of the
This claim was put forward again in the recent crisis. It can
be neglected by the regime of the successor of Pilsudski
not
In 1920 when the Soviet armies thundered up to the gates of War- aw, Peasant leader Witos and Bocialist Daszynski formed a national cabinet--and won the war.
The present crisis of 1939 is in many respects as dangerous and President Moscicki and Marshal Bmigly-Rydz, who inherited Pilsud- ski's power and authority, are expected to form a Cabinet of national concentration in face of the crisis.
Immediately after the Nazis seized Memel and Hitler had made his triumphal entry into the city Herr von lubbentrop
suggested to M. Lipski, Polish Ambassador in Berlin, that the two countries ought to "negotiations on Danzig.
start
It was then proposed that a
·
the field.
The Polish Air Forco consists of 1,500 first line planes and the re- serves. The capitals of all Centra! European countries are within two hours dight from Polish aeru dromes in a fast modern bomber. My countrymen are daring and pugnacious aviators.
Poland has her own aeroplane which manufacturing industry, will now be extended and de- veloped from the proceeds of the"
Ollfields new "Air Force Loan." in the south-east form an adequate source of petrol, and we possess our own of refining industry.
The question is often asked whether Poland would go to war to hold the "Corridor and prevent the Nazis seizing
Danzig.
I belleve she would, because the Vistula, greatest of Polish rivers. flows into the sea through an
which is estuary
on Danzig territory,
The Vistula in Poland's life line: and the province of Pomorze-the corridor leading to the Baltic-is as Polish in population and tradi- tion as Cracow or Warsaw.
Modern Poland, with her 150,000 square miles of territory, thickly populated by 35,000,000 people, must be inseparable from ber 80 miles of sea coast. Her place on the shores of the Baltic is Poland's most cherished possession,
Foland has two ports, Gdynia
Both are and Danzig.
the Balile shore of the Corridor, and between them they carry three-
DA
Marshal Smigly-Rydz,
Polish Army C.-in-C. quarters of her entire foreign trade.
Before the War Danzig was one of several German ports on the Baltic,
Its yearly turnover amounted to 2,000,000 tons. Now the annual
Tientsin
Now:
What
Next?
By
D. BARKER
THE Japanese blockade the British and French Concealons at Tient- sin, nominally to force the British to hand over four Chinese alleged to have murdered a certain Cheng Shi- kang, but it may be, to begin to thrust the British themselves from China altogether.
It that be so, Tientsin treties will not do for long. For it the British ure to go at all, they must go from Shanghai, greatest city of China.. among the first half-dozen ports of the world. Shanghol is a sea-gate for about £300,000,000 of trade a year,. half that of all China.' Call it Paris of the East if you are feeling remantle, but Liverpool of the East is nearer the facis,
It is one thing to blockade the British conveniently grouped in a Concession in Tientsin, quite another to oppose them in Shanghai where they co-operate, in an International Settlement, not only with Americans und Chinese, but with the Japanese themselves. For in a Concession the Chinese Government leases the land to the British Government, to be re- leased in lots to its nationals; in a Settlement an aren is set made for the residence of foreigners, each of whom lcases his land directly from the Chinese owners. In addition, the Settlement is granted self-govern-
volume of trade equals 0,000,000ment within its boundaries. tona thanks to Danzig's connec- tion with Polish industry.
Odynia, a fishing village fifteen years ago, 1s now a thriving. modern city of 100,000. It has krown to be, perhaps, the largest Baltic port, Last year 8,000,000 tons of goods were shipped across its quays.
Everything depends on this strip of Baltic seaboard. Once this free access to the sea was denied Poland; she would sink to the con- dition of an economic and pollt!- cal dependency of the Third Reich:
There is politically hardly a more'dangerous spot in the world than the big plain on
which Europe's crossroads
tho Western Slavonic tribes, now the Polish nation, chose for settlement long centuries ago.
The German octopus and the Russian glant are Poland's neigh- bours on frontiers of over 2,500 mland is a barrier between the two great empires, now Naziam and Communism, more bitter enemies than ever.
under
In order to resist their pressure Poland's diplomacy must be ex- tremely elastic. Her main task is manoeuvring between the two without committing herself to the support of efther or to any policy of encirclement.
for For friendship and
ald Poland must look elsewhere, far beyond her frontiers. France is her old ally, and now the Poles seek Great Britain's support against aggression.
of The newB
the promised British assistance, of course, de- lighted Warsaw. But even with- out that indication of strong sup- port the Poles would fight if their territorial integrity or national honour were menaced.
We will not yield our freedom while we remain alive to fight. We will not contemplate once again the slavery of alien rule which we endured for so many long and cruel years,
We are united and froe. So we shall remain.
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speaking nations close to one world were ablaze. This is in- another. and the reception controvertible.
afforded Their Majesties the
tour of Canada and the United
The last three or four years King and Queen on their recent have been marked as a period of unprecedented cordiality between States was a gratifying Indica- the two nations-a cordiality tion, of that accord and well-which will be emphasised in boing now in existence between Hongkong to-day when. Ameri- the two great Democracies,
cans and their British guests To-day, on the 163rd anniver- gather at the American Club to sary of the Declaration of honour the first President of tho Independence, we find a unity of United States. conviction between the two
The maintenance of that cor- peoples that complete under-diality is a bulwark against the standing, harmony and unity of forces of disorder which, to-day, action by the English-speaking constitute a far greater menace nations is the only thing that to liberty than any of tho can bring order out of the chaos tyrannies charged against "the into which the world might Present King of Great Bri- 'plunge, and would assure peace 'tain" on July 4, 1776.
By Lichty
Lichtay 99.
"I wish you'd find your glasses, Rufus-that's twien to-day you've mistaken mo for the maid!”
☆ * ☆
Nearly a century ago after the oplum wars-the centenary of the incident that led to them occurred lust month-Britain gained trading rights in several Chinese ports, in- cluding Shanghai, then only a mourn ful stretch of miud. They obtained permission to buy lord nt Soochow Creek to establish trading houser, and soon the French and Americans held similar areas.
As the prosperity and population of the settlements grew the British. and Americans combined to form the International Settlement The French, except for a briet time, held aloot. Other nations joined in later.
Gradually most of the trade of North China began to pour through Shanghal. The muddy river. front Bund along became the famous which great trading houses built their offices, with windows overlook- ing the bustling river trame of junk and steamer; sampan and ferryboat. Buses, romcars, cars and bicycles; crowded the rickshaws through the streets. In time semi – skyscrapers like Sassoon House-or.. the Brilah- owned Broadway Mansions gave the place a sky-line. A thousand tongues babbled in the streets, exiled White Russiana. filled the cabarets, factories and warehouses towered over airects where the population density grow to 200 to the acre (comparo London's East End, 150 to the acre),
ية.
Not one, but three Shanghais grew up-the International Settlement, the French Concession and the Chinese Elty.
The International Settlement, with brond Nanking Road leading to the residential quarters, now covers 5583 aeres, has a six-mile water-front, and A population of more than 1,000,000) of whom about 95 per cent. ord Chinese. Or the foreigners the Jop- anese lead in numbers, with abou three times as many as the British who come second. Of the £250,000,- 000 we have invested in China, about
£180,000,000 Is in Shanghal.
Further south, with a narrow cor- ridor to the water. lies the French Concession, four square miles into which are crowded 500,000 Chinese und 23,000 foreigners, of whom the smallest group, at the last census, was the Albanian, whose national sclitude has now been rectifed by European politics,
South again is the wolled nucleus! of the Chinese city from which have grown the industrial muburbs of Chapel, Nantau and Pootung nerosa the river, and in parts of which the population density is 800 to the acre. Factories and slums jostle each other. where more than 1,000,000 Chinese live, most of them in squalor,
None of this development, good or bad, would have, been possible, with- out the International Bettlement and the rights it holds through an agree- ment with the Chinese, called the Land Regulations. This agreement gives the Settlement its self-govern- ment, often criticised, often the cause of riots, yet on the, whole workable. As successive waves of Chinese re- fugees have proved for nearly a century, has made Shanghat the safest place in China, even though the Selfloment police are equipped with machine-guns, wear bullet-proof vesta, and have the reputation of being the toughest in the world;
* * *
The Settlement le governed by the Shanghai Municipal Council, origin➡ ally composed of nine foreign mom-- bere, to which five Chinese members have recently been added. The Council is elected annually, the Chin- ese by their fellow-countrymen, the.. foreigners by foreign residents own- PLEASE Turn To Pago 3.
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