THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1939.
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And here is an extract from a letter to the Lincol dealer at Pasadena, California :---
**....da jar na I am concerned, the lincoln-Zephyr will outperform arul out-demonstrede anything on four wheels regardless of cost or number of cylinders. The romlability la something to marvel at. The soundness of its ungfores ing larmomoshing that only Henry Ford could ever hope tu chline and the good judgment in sslection and coordination of accessories can refret only credit to the Fard organize- tion.
"You don't drive it ; you Aont slang in it l'And all Iron say to mybody who doubia ihla is—ery one,"
(Signed) CALVIN
AUSTIN,
|_ CH]"ZLgain?"-MacClatchie Manufacturing Ern
Hero is the latest model of the car Mr. Austin was talking about:
WALLACE HARPER & CO., LTD.
Arsenal Street,
Phone 28240,
COPIES OF
Nathan Road. Phone 59245.
PHOTOGRAPHS
by "Staff Photographer" appearing in the
"SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST"
"THE
and
Stubbs Road
The
Tel. 27776-9.
Thongkong Telegraplı.
Wyndham St., Hongkong
'Phone 26615 June 1, 1939
Pen and the Sword
THE WOES of our University
boil down to this: the pen in Hongkong is not mightier than! the sword.
We are forced to spend more upon the training of our soldiers than upon the training of our children.
An iniquitous charge by the Imperial Government demands that London has first call upon 18 to 20 per cent, of our gross
revenue.
We subscribe from revenue more than twice as much for Military Contributions as we do for Education.
"It's all right, neighbours, he's quite harmless.”
A.B.C. to the
LONG time ago, in the vanished pre-war days when Income tax was a shilling in the, and whisky three-and-six a bottle and the poor were thought to know their place, replete and tranquil middle-class Europe had just one nightmare.
It was called the Balkans. A man might look forward with assurance to a Ufetime of peace be- fore him it were not for that dark south-Eastern corner of the Continent, Europe's noisy nursery, where a handful of child nations kept up a perpetual squabble among themselves and with their former overlorda, the Turks.
Every year, as regular as clock- work; same new violent incident would break out there. Every year one or other of the grown-up Wes- tern States, each of which had its own favourite child, was forced in one way or another to intervene.
And every year the fear hovered over the Foreign Ofices that two dispute which might spread from the nursery till the grown-ups
were themselves
Involved In desperate conflict.
We spend as much upon the Hongkong Volunteers as we dorival-interventions might stir..up a upon the Hongkong University..
The dictators of Europè may ride to power with a flourish of the sword. But it is the mightiness of the pen that hus made Hitler the greatest con- queror since Napoleon.
The Fifth Column is more im- portant to Germany than is its Air Force, its Army and its Navy.
Without the education of the masses of German people, Hitler could not rule.
The blindly-loyal Youth Move- ment could not be so fanatically Nazi in conception and outlook had not Hitler taken the Ger- man child from the cradle to educate it into his way of think. ing.
It was not the sword that cleaved a passage for Hitler's troops into Austria, the Sudeten- land, Moravia and Bohemia and Memelland. It was the pen- the daily and incessant use of www propaganda.
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH”.
may be purchased
at the Businoss Office
of "The Hongkong Tolograph" Morning Post Building, Wyndham Street,
Education is propaganda. Empires may be founded by the sword but they are welded and retained by the pen.
Take away the pen and, sooner or later, you must revert to the sword.
Yet, until we have adjustment of either those Military Contrl- butions or of Taxation, there is nothing we can do to spread education among the masscs In Hongkong and China.
the
our
It is a standing disgrace that
Vice-Chancellor of University must admit that a grent Institution which should be the centre of learning for the Orient is hardly solvent, and that so desperate an appeal for funds should be contained in hla Report.
Lati
N the end it did. The Great War, launched by primarily to Europeanise the Balkans, ended by Balkanising Europe. The whole Continent became an uproar of confused and contending voices.
And now that the eyes of a world no longer tranquil are turned un- easily once more on its least tran- qull area, let us see if we cannot puzzle out the pieces of the Balkan jigsaw and see why the Bakan nur- sery just what it 15.
Its name first. Balkan is merely a Turkish name for mountain, ap- piled particularly, in the ninteenth century, to a range of mountains running cast and west across Bul- garia.
From this range. also in the nineteenth century, the term Balkan peninsula came to be used of the mass of land running south into the gean Sea from a Une roughly joining the River Save, on which Belgrade stands, to the mouth of the Danube.
HERE lie in that area
TH to-day the whole. or
They are:-
square
Darts, of six States.
Albania, area 10,500 square miles, population 1,000,000;
Bulgaria, area 40,000 square miles, population 0,000,000;
Greece, area 50,000 miles, population 6,000,000;
Jugoslavia, aren 95,000 square miles, population 14,000,000;
Rumania, aren 122,000 square miles, population 19,000,000;
Turkey, arca 295,000-square miles, population 10,000,000.
Just for comparison, the area of England and Wales is 50,000 square miles.
Large paris of Jugoslavia, Rumania and Turkey lle outside the Balkan peninsula. All the six Blates are poor, all of them are largely agricultural. All of them
-To-day's Thought- MAN is the only animat
which, devours his own kind, for 7 can apply' no
· milder" term to the govern- ‚ments of Europa, gdy odo
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
IGRE
BALKANS
RUMANA
Bulgaria's Losses 1919,
ALBANIA
by Matthew de Couves
J UGO SLAVIA
RUMANIA
R
"EUROPE'S
BUCAREST
A.Danube
SOFIA BULGARIA
TURKEY
Scale Hiles
NURSERY"
before a horde of barbarian In- vadera.
NOISY
are trying to build up Industries of thehr-own-but-none-lias-advanced- farther than has a typical British Dominion.
And each of the six is a nation with a past, a glorious history, hardly known outside its own borders, which it privately con- siders infinitely superior to any thing ila Ave rivals can boast.
The oldest resident of the six nations is. oddly, the smallest, the Albanians.
EFORE the dawn of European history the
by a set of wild tribes whom the Greeks, pouring into the penin- sula before the first millennium B.C. described as Thracians, Mace- donians and Illyrians.
Herodotus, the first
of, the world's historians, gave it as his opinion that if they could over bo persuaded to, unite, their strength -would make them invincible; but then, he added, they never would unite.
Nor did they, except for the brief few years when Alexander the Great of Macedon bestrode the world with an army whose Dly- rian zoldiers were the ancestors of the modern Albanians.
The Greeks' glorious past blazed up first in the unequalled achlove- ments of the City States which dotted the shores and islands of the Egean in the afth century
B.C.
Their squabbles made them an prey to the expanding Roman easy Empire which, after swallowing Albanians and Greeks, founded a third of the six Bulkan peoples- the Rumanians—in 100 AD.
The Roman Empire grow tired and split in two, and the Greeks' accond period of glory came,
For more than 1,000 years, till 1459, Greek Emperors ruled over the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinopic-modern
Alfred had barely burned the cakes in the ninth century, when Ave of the Balkan peoples had entered the stage, come into con- tact with Christianity and begun their domains. But the to develop succeeding invasions had left their legacy of bitter hatred, and that development took the form, not of but of steady growth in fame, sudden jerks into notoriety.
A succession of one-man Empires followed each other, each bestrid- ing the peninsula, and each crumbling to pieces almost as soon as its founder was in his grave,
The Bulgarian Emperor Simeon ruled from the Black Sea to the Adriatic and from the Danube to northern Greece in the tenth con- tury, and took the title Tear five centuries before it was heard in Russia, But his domains fell apart, and it was two hundred years Bulgarians enjoyed before the another Empire.
After that it was the turn of tho Scrbs. Their great Taar Stephen Dushan held sway in the fourteenth century over a Serbian Empire as large as the Bulgarian, and was as rich and cultured na any Western European ruler of his day.
H
I possessions dissolved too, and as they did the alarm of a now irl. vasion was leard in the East. The sixth of the Balkan people, the Turks, had burst on the scene,
The five nations of the medioeval Balkans would not stand together against the Turks, so they fell separately. It is typical of their history that the final Berbian dè- feat of Kossovo only came because a kinsman of the Serbian Tear
Ten Days For Dimo Theft
Lazar went over to the Turks on. the battlefield with all his men.
So over the wreck of the divided Christian armles the Turks pressed on, till the reign of our King Charles II saw them not only .masters of all the Balkans, but possessors of Southern. Russia, lords of Hungary and battering at the gates of Vienna,
Beyond conquest, the Turks had no idea. They camped on the van- quished territory and forced their subjects to feed them and supply soldiers for their armies. 60, as conquering Empires have a way of dolag. their Empire grew old and tired.
T
tha
THE beginning of
nineteenth century saw first the Greeks, then the Serblans, then the Rumanians and Bulgarians striking liberty, winning back little patches of territory in which they might enjoy home rule.
for
Russia and the Western Powers put their money first on one, then on another of the insurgent Httle peoples. Britain obstinately backed their Turkish oppressors, for fear a triumph for liberty might see the Russian ogre, through one of its puppets, menacingly established at Istanbul.
Always the little Btates struck separately; It needed little for the Bulgarians to spring at the Ber- blans' throat, while everyone hated the Greeks, who were the tax- gatherers and administrative officials of the Turklah Empire.
It was not till 1913 that three of them, the Bulgarians, Borbs and Grecks, agreed to launch an offen- sive together against the Turks,
ND even so, they fell out the rapidly over division of the spoils that Greeks and Berbians and Rumanians were soon plundering the Bulgarians of their gains, and starting now Balkan fouď which drove Bulgaria. Into the German camp in the Great War and threatens to drive her into the Axis camp to-day.
a
In that conflict of 1912 the A- banians won their liberty, too.. against the ferocious growls of Bulgaria and Serbia. And now once more ferocious growin are rising as Bulgaria, plundered after hat struggle, is being pushed and shoved by her new-found Axis friends into demanding back from
her
plunderers.
the swas
That swag bas lain as a border between her and the Balkan En- iento which they have formed with
An. their old tyrant, Turkey. enmity no less bitter kept Albania. from the Entente.
But time is running short to- day
And unicas the Balkan nations
their forget
nursery Boston. manners they are likely to find themselves back in the nursery once more and under; a parent leas" merciful; evon: than the de-. -cayed stupidity of the BullenL
Istanbul. At first they had must. Hyman Zolchick, 28, was sentenced of the Balkans under the'e sway, to 10 days in jail after admitting -but in the third century the bar- that he stole 10 cents from a news.
riors of the Empire began to give boy "for cartare."