THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 29, 1939.
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F. Scott wrote in his diary:
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For ten days he and the two companions that remained of the four that had roached the South Polo with him had been held up by a blizzard, And for ten days they had been slowly dying of starvation and ex- haustion.
That entry in Scott's diary was the last flicker of life in one of the greatest but one of the most unfortunate of all voyages of exploration. From the moment when they came across the traces of the Nor- wegian, Roald Amundsen, who beat them to the Pole by a few weeks, their luck had turned against them. The difficulties they had to face were greater than was humanly possible to
overcome.
Scott's second Antarctic ex- pedition was, unlike the first, entirely his own responsibility. He wanted to complete the knowledge of the South he had acquired on the Discovery ex-
Hongkong Telegraph. pedition ten years earlier, and
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 March 29, 1939
his purpose was primarily scientific. It was to attract. funds from the public that he made the Pole his objective.
On the outward voyage from England he had received a mes- sage from Amundsen, saying, From "Am heading South." that moment it was a race be tween them, and Scott was well aware how heavy the odds were against him.
To
Die
By DONALD HODSON
pot was unaccountably short.. Onter's feet were much worse.
On March 10 Scott's diary reads: "Things steadily down- hill"; on March 11, "Dates is: very near the end, one feels." Thoy divide up the medical. means of ending their lives.
On March 17 Oates managed to struggle on with them till they camped. That evening, with a blizzard raging outside,. he got up and said, "I am just going outside and may be some time.' They never saw him again. He walked out to his death so that he should no longer be a drag on them. Ho not only gave them another chance, but spared them the pain of watching him dio.
But the survivors were in little better condition. The ex- treme cold and the blizzarda continued. On March 18, Scott writes: "My right foot has And gone, nearly all the tocs."
'n day later: "Amputation is the least I can hope for, but will the trouble spread?"
That night, the 20th, they camped only eleven miles from their next depot. It was their last camp. They had food for only four days and practically no fuel.
On March 29 comes the inst entry. They had decided that it should be a natural death. Seven months later the search party found them lying in the tent, as if asleep..
There have been many post- mortems held on the fate of Scott
and his companions.
Defence and Nutrition
There is nothing that can be Scott's own "Mes- PLE
ME DIFFICULTIES of assessing
added now. nutrition values and the fact
sage to the Public," written in that the scope of its inquiries cm-
those last days, explained the: braces extraneous subjects which are
"The causes of required only for statistical purposes by the Colonial Ofice renders it
Even at this late stage there Seaman Evans, the strongest major reasons.. certain that the sittings of the Hong- kong Nutrition Committee will be And if one is to judge by the Polar party. When Lieuten- succumb,
was little wrong with anyone in man of the party, began to the disaster are not due to His nose was badly faulty organisation, but to mla- protracted into 1940.
In the meantime, presumably, it fame alone, it was he who sucunt Evans (now, Admiral Sir frost-bitten and his hands were fortune in all risks which had
Amundsen, Edward Evans) turned back covered with frost-bite blisters, to be undertaken." should sit back and await the Com-Amundsen's brilliant feat is one with two others 200 miles from Ontes suffered from frozen fect. malitee's Report before attempting to which one admires and no more. the Pole, he left the remaining
is
proposed that
ceeded and not
the Government
much as mal-nutrition in this Colony.
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Their failure was due first. Blizzards overtook them, and and foremost to the weather, tackle the problem of Scott's failure, and death were five as strong and well as they their marches were dangerously which was for worse than they short. Wilson suffered agonies could reasonably have expected Evans from previous experience. Next, With Scott were Dr. E. A. from snow-blindness.
of the kind to catch the imagina-
Was
adult citizens.
We have been informed that the cost of a bowl of soup containing
mother to nourish her child is but one cent; that for less than $40,000 gradually reduced as sections per annum, the Society for the returned to the base Protection of Children can provide
Il is abundantly clear, without calling for a Report from any Com- tion. The diary which he kept could be expected to be. nittee, that thousands of children until he had no more strength dents in Hongkong are being to write is one of the most mov. Wilson, zoologist; Captain L. E. cut his knuckle and it festered. the shortage of paraffin at the explain, but was due to seepage dented the nourishment they must ing documents ever written.
G. Outes, of the Inniskilling His fingernails were now rotting depots, which Scott could not have if they are to become healthy The outward journey
Dragoons; Lieutenant H. R. and falling out.
More accidents befell them, through the faulty stoppers of Bowers, of the Royal Indian' fairly straightforward.
Depots of food were left at Marine; and Senman Edgar Wilson strained a tendon, Scott the tin containers. Then, ac- slipped on the ice and hurt his cording to Mr. Cherry-Garrard, the requisite vitamins that will allow intervals and the party was Evans, of the Royal Navy.
Some way beyond 89 degrees shoulder, and by the time they one of the zoologists of the ex- -South-the first Norwegian cairn reached the glacier head and pedition, the food allowances gards calories existent. Even on full rations they were under- Six hundred miles of the lee was sighted and they knew they left the plateau-Bowers was the were inadequate, both as re- one free bowl of soup per day in Barrier were covered before a had been beaten. They pushed only fit man.
They started down the glacier nourished. every day of the year to ten thou-blizzard came down on them at on to the Pole, reaching it on
Nervous energy alone drove Although this Colony can, reluc- the foot of the Beardmore January 17, and picked up on February 8. On the way
He had down Evans fell and concussed them on. They refused until the tantly perhaps, find sufletent re-glacier and held them up for Amundsen's messages. venue to pay six million dollars per three days on end. It was a camped there on December 16, himself, and on February 17, at last moment to admit their de- as a contribution towards Imperial serious blow. Reserves of time, just a month earlier. "All the the foot of the glacier, he had feat. At the end of it, Scott can distribute but a food and energy were dissipated day-dreams must go," wrote another fall, was brought in on could write, "For my own sake, fraction of this sum for charitable and the margin of safety was Scott, "It will be a wearisome the sledge, and died the same I do not regret this journey, night without recovering con- which has shown that English- Colony has spent reduced..
return."
sand mal-nourished mothers.
annum to the Imperial Government
Defence, It
purposes. The enormous sums since the beginning
men can endure hardships, help of the century on Defence Contrl- When the weather cleared, The cold and the wind began sciousness.
Their morale severely shaken, one another and meet death butions--it would not be an over- three teams of four men carried to get the better of them. On
оп, gradually with as great a fortitude as ever estimation to say that the total in on up the glacier. Near the top the high plateau the tempera- they pushed
in the past." the past four decades has exceeded $100,000,000-and the net result is one team was sent back. Two tures averaged minus 10 degrees weakening,
It suddenly became much It is for this spirit with which that, if the entire population of parties struggled on to the bleak Fahrenheit, 51 degrees of frost, Hongkong were wiped out to-mor- desolation of the 10,000 foot and this, with a wind of any colder. Temperatures. fell to they faced the hardships that in row by war, the loss in human life high plateau where the Pole it- thing up to gale force. At the minus 30 degrees F. by day and the end overcame them that would be infinitely less than if in the self is situated. They were Pole itself the température was minus 40 degrees F. by night. their names have not been and same period, a tenth part of $100,-
minus 22 degrees Fahrenheit: The oil supply at their next de- will not be forgotten. 000,000 had been spent in tackling still 400 miles from their goal.
the problem of the 'under-nourished child.
Statistics revent that the Colony's Infantile mortality ranks amongst the world's highest-Incomplete re- turns show that approximately one in every three infants dies batore it reaches the age of twelve months. | Death is caused in the majority of cases, not by lack of attention from the infant's mother, but from lack
Q.
of nourishment from the mother's true?
breasts.
We are conselous of the fact-the War Office has been at pains to make it publle this year-that the
"I ASKED MUSSOLINI "
Some say you are Hit-
ler's puppet.
Is it
"Our record in inter-
A. national affairs indi-
cost to the Imperial Government cates a sleepless vigilance maintaining the Anny Garrison in Mongkong is five-fold the amount to build peace and make annually remilled to London as this friends. More peace, more Colony's defence contribution. At
the same time, we are not convinced friends.
that the bargain is a good one. The Harricon
"Wo yield nothing of
our
is not here primarily to autonomy nor do we allow our protect the citizen of Hongkong; it
s here as an integral part of the power to be used as pawn by British defence system in the Pack- others." (p. 206.)
fle, and we have no doubt that, if "Speaking of foreign policy in re- strategy dictated such a move in lation to the different groups of
this definition:
Second article of a new series in which questions are put to the Duce by an interpreter-and answered from Mussolini's "My
Autobiography.”
time of war, Hongkong would quick- Powers, I summarised my thoughts will always be able to keep them, ly be left to its fate, despite our with
"We cannot substantial contributions towards the allow ourselves either a plan of in view of the rising tide of "Hitler's upkeep of the Army.
sane altruism or onc of complete We realise that it is only just and subservience to the plans of the right, in these times of international other peoples. Ourn la a polley of A.
Pan-Germanism?
. We find ourselves at thei Drenner Puss now, and
stress, that this Colony should con-autonomy, then. It shall be firm at the Brennero we will remain at
tribute substantially towards the and severe."
the Empire. defence of
coramon
(pp. 204-5.)
"I am rated as a leader who pre-any price." (p. 120.)
the sacred limits of the But we are convinced that in no cedes and not one who follows." (p.
Brenner." (p. 130.)
part of the Empire is a Government | 151.) called upon to contribute twenty per cent. of ita total revenue, both muni- cipat
general, towards the and upkeep of the Army.
Whichever way we look at it, wa
M
You have 215,000 Germans in South Tyrol,' 'south of the
cannot see but that expenditure on Brenner Pass. Do you think you
alllance.
"One of the first courageous ac- tions In which Italy showed the measure of her independence and sirength was recognition of this." (p. 38.).
What did you think of Ger-
Q. did out the war? IA.
"Public opinion in Italy was deeply moved facing war with
fts German invasion of East France. There was the description, with hor rid details, of German malbody, and, above all, the every sense of right and humanity, ***.
"The future not of one nation, but of many nations, was on the scale. ... There was also the feeling of common culture which was compel- ing us to forget past and present But on the last occasion der quarrels. I could not bear the idea that my country might abandon many and Italy were allies, those who were crushed under the Katy let down Germany and en-weight of war and unwarrausted mis- tered the great war on the side of fortune." (p. 39) the Alles. Why?
"Italy a few years previously
renewed the Triple Al-
A. hud
llance Treaty,
"It had been a marriage without
Q
Hitler
at confessedly aime world domination. What did
respect and without trust, brought you think of German ideas of do-
order to counter-mination in those days. more 'in How long do you think you about and Iller will stick together? balance milltory power than by
political necessity.
strong-willed men began to legitimate undertakings for the com
tude and suggestiveness of called only for action if one or more ask themselves if it was really right inen, wast of the taxpayer is being starved in order to contribute an un-service to the pubile The most dr-danger, only after having lived to of the nations of the Triple Alliance for Italians to lend themselves to the fals and undue proportion of the gent service we can think of in the gether in the anxieties and torments was assulled by a nation outaldo political aims of the King of Prussia, for military undertakings, service dictated by humanity that of war, can one measure the sound the alliance. We were kept in the and if that was good for the future It must be obvious that a lessening of saving some of the thousands of mess of a friendship or measure in dark, as I well know. That was of Italy and of the world. The of the Defence burden would result lives that are being sacrificed to-day advance how long-it la destined to enough to break the pact to free putting of that question was: my.
(Continued on Page:)) us from further obligations to that In a proportionate Increase in real on the alter of mal-nutrition, go on." (p. 31.)
"Only in front of the magni- "As & inatter of fact the treaty A. A handful of intelligent and
revenue