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Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, "bestowed more pains on this work than on any of my other productions."
**
Berkeley referred to a book entitled "Virtues at Tar-water," in which he extolled the benefits of a concoction for curing various aliments.
Accused of exaggerating, Berkeley retorted; "To speak out, I suspect tar-waler is a panacea.”
MONDAY, MARCH 13. St. Gregory the Great
Born: Bishop George Berkeley,
philosopher, 1684,
Died: Caesar Borgia, killed,
1508; Ludovick Muggleton, founder of the Muggleton- ians, 1697.
Whereupon the newspapers of the day waxed sarcastic at the bishop's. His first preferment in the Church
Here expense.
cpigram was the deanery of Derry. He was published in one periodical:
on
no sooner settled in this post than he "Who dare deride what pious conceived an idea for converting the
North American Indians.
Ile pro- Clone has done?
posed the building of a college in The Church shall rise anit
Bermuda as a missionary school. He viudicate her son;
offered to resign his deanery, worth She tells us all her bishops shep- £1100-a year, and go out there as
herds are,
the first president at a salary of And shepherd's heal their rotten £100 a year.
sheep with tar."
Parliament.considered the plan and gave its approval, and Berkeley made of preparations lo take a number kindred spirits,
A certain Joba Wishaw, a solicitor, writing to a friend on May 25, 1744, For seven years, however, Sir gives a brict account of Berkeley Robert Walpole mude various excuzes: and his tar-water:
for withholding the charter and grant
"The Bishop of Cloyne, in Ireland, of £20,000 prumised by the Govern has published a book, of two shillings ment.
many cases,
coffee."
price upon the excellence of far- Meanwhile Berkeley hind set all water, which is to keep ye bloud In for Rhode Island, accompanied by his THE biggest handicap in Bri-due order, and a great remedy in wife-the daughter of the Speaker of
His way of making it the Irish House of Commons. tish diplomacy at the pre-is to put, I think, a gallon of water
The whole scheme was doomed to sent time is of the British Gov-to a quart of iar, and after stirring tulture, owing mainly to the breach ernment's own creation. It is logether, to let it stand 48 hours, of faith of Sir Robert Walpole, who
and then pour of the clear
and eventually applied the money to other their deliberate cold-shouldering drink a glass of about half a pint in purposes.
ye morn, and as much at five in ye of Russia.
funds he After spending all the afternoon. So it's become comenon could raise. from his deanery
and This refusal of Mr. Chamber-to call for a glass of tar-water in n from other sources, Berkeley Was lain and his colleagues to col-coffee-house, as a dish of
tea or forced to abandon his project for
converting the Indians. The Bishop practised, what he Through Dean Swift Berkeley had ed more than anything else to preached,
stucit to his tar-water, made the acquaintance the democratic rout at Munich.and wrote a sequel to his previous celebrated Vanessa, Mrs. Hester Van Russia had publicly avowed in work, called "Further Thoughts on Hunreigh, who, upon discovering that Ter-water," being his last production Swift was married, left Berkeley half unambiguous terms her inten-for the Press.
her property. It appears that she tion of fulfilling her treaty obli-
Berkeley suffered from what he had met him only once at dinner, described as nervous colle and could gations. But the British Gov- obtain relief only from his
own ernment apparently preferred to specific. believe the tittle-tattle of cosmo- politan busy-bodies who assert- ed that Russia was either uni- willing-or-unable to fulfil her obligations.
This determination to force Russia into isolation-to treat her as the pariah of Europe continues, Mr. Chamberlain, it seems, would prefer to lose the British Empire without Russian support than keep it with Rus- sian help.
#
It is not only that the British
••*|Government are throwing away valuable friend in time of peace and a powerful ally if need should arise. The inevitable offect of trying to isolate Russia must be to throw her into the
of the
After his return from Rhode Island, where he had spent three years walt- he ing for the Government grant, published the most useful of his Apart from this obsession of works, "The Minute Philosopher," Berkeley's, he was
a remarkable written in the form of dialogue. man. He was a great philosopher It was a critical survey of the |and mathematician, though often various forms of free-thinking of the
unorthodox.
time. It was warmly appreciated by certain sections of the Church, and At Trinity College, Dublin, where was shown to the Queen, with whom he was educated, opinion was divided Berkeley became a great favourite. as to whether he was a fool or a
Through her influence His subsequent prodigy, proves that he was no fool, for before and in 1730 promoted to the see of career appointed to the demery of Down, he was 23 he won a fellowship.
Within three years he published his "Theory of Vision," in which he
in the same year his "Analysi," discussed the prevailing ideas of again on the subject of free-thinking. sight and touch.
placed him in the centre of a hot controversy.
Cloyne.
he
was
He argued that a man born blind, could he be made to see, would be At this perlod Berkeley went into unable to recognise any object by retirement, devoting himself to the sight which he had previously known discharge of his duties as Bishop, and have no sense of the relative distance by touch. Such person, too, would in works of charity:
In 1745 he refused the FCQ of of objects.
Clogher, which would have doubled This argument was proved in a his income. strange way, 18 yours afterwords, He kept up a correspondence with when a young man, blind from birth, the prominent men of the day and was suddenly restored to sight. He wrote a number of pamphlets on declared that he could not distinguish various subjects. It was now that arms of Germany. This pos- dog from a cat by sight, and was he wrote his treatises on the virtues
$0 confused between his newly- of tar-water, sibility has often haunted the sequired faculty and his touch that Foreign Offices of France and he wanted to know which of the two
senses were lying.. Britain, and now Mr. Chamber- Inin seems in a fair way to bringing it about.
Next year Berkeley published his
Despite the regular draughts of tar- water, Berkeley's health began to full.
He was unable to carry on his work
"Principles of Human Knowledge," in Ireland, and he went to Oxford in which he tried to prove that the common notion of the existence of and requested permission of the King matter was wrong, and that common
to resign his see with the view to
In view of Herr Hitler's de-articles of everyday use existed only obtaining n canonry in that elty.
nunciations of "Bolshevism," such an outcome may seem im- possible. But stranger things have happened, and the, present trade talks between Russia and Germany should give abundant food for thought in Downing Street.
KORDA: NO ROMANCE
as ideas in the mind,
The King, however, refused to "Berkeley He further developed this theory shall die a bishop, In spite of him-
accept his resignation. in Three Dialogues Between Hylas self," said George 11., and he gave and Philonous," which, if it did not him permission to live wherever he convince eighteenth century scientists, pleased, gave him a reputation as a writer and the friendship of Dean Swift:
Meanwhile, from 1707; he had been engaged as a college tutor. In 1712 he pold n'short visit to Engiand, and
One of Berkeley's last acts was to make over £200 worth of rents from the see lands at Cloyne to poor housekeepers in his diocese.
Bishop Berkeley, who was born on In April 1719 Swift presented him at March 19, 1084, at Pelerin, in the Court.
County of Kilkenny, Ireland; died at He soon made himself popular in Oxford on Sunday, January 14, 1753. ||London and became chaplain to Lord It was while he was seated with bla MR. ALEXANDER KONDA, the Peterborough, whom ho accompanied family listening to the reading of film producer, who arrived at Ply-to the Continent, returning in August sermon that he fell back and died so quietly that he was believed to be mouth recently from New York, 1714, denied that he was married or that there was a romance between him -and Merle Oberon.
From 1715 to 1720 be travelled asleep, When his daughter later again as tutor to the sch of. Dr. St. brought him a cup of tea he was stiff
and cold. George Ashe, an Irish Bishop.
He was buried in Christ Church, Oxford. He also described as "nonsenso In 1721 the country was disturbed reports that he was fed, un with by the South Sea Bubble scandal, and
Berkeley published an Eany towards Berkeley is described as "a hand- England and was contemplating preventing the Ruin of Great Britain." some man, with a countenanca full of TOY A In the same your he became chaplain meaning and benignity, Remarkable we may ako nimes, occasionally in to the Duke of Gration in Ireland, for great strength of limbs, and, dill Hollywood, but London will always; and was in-demand as a lect;tret on hila sedentary life unpaired it, of a
divinity L
" seri rebut consutuc
J@Hvism"Amerion. VGA ZA
·
"We gotta do this every now and then else the islands would be overrun with you insurance agents!"
BRITAIN PREPARES-II
NATIONAL
SERVICE
by
H. L. Percy
United Press Staff Correspondent,
INKED UP with Britain's
anti-aircraft
army arc several voluntary organisations, which, while coming under the heading of Air Raid Precautions,
are
not actually military in the strict sense of the word.
For instance, there is the ob server corps.
Members of this, mostly on the coast, man observation posts, and give first warning of ape prouching enemy aircraft. A com- plicated code of telephone signals as already been arranged for flash-
EDITOR'S NOTE: In the next war Britain, for the first time in 900 years, will be in grave danger of armed invasion. In the past the navy kept her shores intact. The danger now is from the air. To meet this modern peril, Britain is organising her civil population. and Every able-bodied man woman will have a job to do. This series of articles tells the story of Britain's army of "passive defence", and of the hundred-and-one other ways in which Britain is preparing for war at home.
ing the warning to local headquarters. pulsory almost at a moment's notice.
Recruits must be above the age of in on emergency.
30 and have good hearing and eye- Decision to let everybody have a sight.
hand in defending his and her Then there is the balloon barrage. Country was taken after the Czecho- Hundreds of blimps dangling eur- Slovakian crisis. Before that, that is tains of steel wire will endrele the from January, 1938, the Air Raid principal cities. Their purpose is to Precautions Act covered what little force enemy planes to heights at preparation for defence there was. which accurate bombing will be im- This was a more or less luke-warm
recruitment 119 air-raid wardens, possible.
In addtion to London, the follow- weekly instruction in dealing with ing cities are to have barrages: Bus and bombs, and so forth." Birmingham, Bristol, Manchealer,
PUBLIC DEMAND
Liverpool, Sheffield, Derby, Hull,
Newcastle, Plymouth, Southampton, After the crisis, however, the public Glasgow and Cordli. It has been began to demand bigger and better officially stated that barrages for defence. They demanded
# com- most of these clues will be in opera- pulsory 'national register, and, in tion next summer, and, all of them some coats, compulsory national. by the end of the year,
service..
The government's answer was that 100 PER CENT OPERATIVE
a compulsory register was not de- In London, It was added, the sirable, although with the machinery barrage was 10 per cent, operative at of the next census in 1941, 1 such a the end of 1938, and will be 100 per register is being propared which cent, by this month,
could be made compulsory in about Service in the balloon barrage three weeks, instead of many months. squadrons is also voluntary, and la In its place they offered voluntary open to men aged between 25 and 30 national service, and appointed Sir as drivers, winch-handlers, riggers John Anderson to the sinecure post and fabric workers,
of Lord Privy Seal with the duties, Another auxiliary service is the but not the title, of Minister of Civil training of employees in factories and Defence, plants in anti-aircraft defence. Alr-
Anderson, diplomat rather plane factories, nulomobile plants, steel mills, and the "shadow" fac palitician, quickly got to work. On tories now turning out machinery, November 3, 1938, in his first speech. but which in war-time can be turned in the House of Commons,..ho out- over to munitions, will be defended lined his programme as follows: by their own staffs.
1. An evacuation polles.
These men, classed as indispen- sable, are being equipped with machineguns and light two-pound guns for defence against low-flying attacks. Their uniform will be their coveralls, and they will be re- quired to be able to get into action within 20 minutes of downing tools.
2. Pabllo shelters,
thni
J. Regional organization, to take
Cover in war-time.
4. Relationship between - the government and 'Isent · KU- thorities regarding A.B.F. ..... 5. London's defence problems. 0. National voluntary service. 7. Changes in the A.R.P. organi-
sation.
In the three months since then Anderson has announced plans for
LAST LINE OF DEFENCE Britain's second and last line of defence in the next war will be lier civil population.
An estimated total of 30,000,000 will most of these seven points. One et.
"brain be available for this vast "army of his first steps was the appointment of trus!" of six loading the rear," engaged only in passive business-men to advise on defence. defence. It will include some young problems, and receive representa- men, unfit for fighing or indis tions regarding delays, defects and pensable; practically all men past
dimculties, the fighting age up to about 70; and all able-bodied women, y
Before Parliament rose for the
announced Under the general heading of Christmas vacation, ho "National Service," over 80 would be introduced. He said it that in January national service organisations
are open to these civilians, all of them designed to would be entirely voluntary, and for contend with the effects and results, a trial period of three months only. of air atinck. They range from alt-. At the end of this month, Parila- raid, wardens to evacuation oflcers. ment is to review, ils progress and de- All service is completely voluntary cide whether it is necessary to make at present, but as Sir John Anderson, 41.compulsory. As the scheme | bas unomictal Minister for Civil Defence, only been in operation about?/threa has explained; it can be made commit(Continued on Psor (7