6
THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, February 15, 1939.
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Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 February 15, 1939
Good Manners
AN
N EXAMPLE of international
good manners is the agreement. approved by Great Britain yester- day, regarding the defence of the Aland Islands, which lie midway between Finland and Sweden.
According to a brief "Renter" message, Great Britain approves in principle the partial fortification of the islands by these two countries.
The stands are inhabited by n Swedish-speaking population and until taken by Russin from Sweden in 1809 had always been Swedisli. When Finland recovered its in- dependence at the end of the Great) War, the Aland Islanders asked the League of Nations to return them to Sweden. This was denied, and: Sweden accepted the verdict. Nor has she since tried to alter it on the grounds that a "minority" exists on the islands. In pre-War days, or if a totalitarian State were involved
instead of Sweden, the issue would still be a typical case for war, as Memel is to-day.
The League decreed that the in- lands should be forever neutral, The inhabitants were to be exempti from military service and be given local self-government. The League itself promised that no one would trespass.
This idyll did not last. As the League grew weaker and the respect
SPECIAL TEA DANCE for post-war treaties dwindled, the
at
situation of the islands grew more precarious. They are not threaten- ed by Sweden or Finland, which
REPULSE BAY HOTEL may have some claim to them, but
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by other neighbouring countries. They were like a vacuum in the naval situation, an air hole in the steel frame which kept up the balance in the Baltic. In the event: of war any Power could land troops and guns, set up nival bases and nir fields.
Instead of taking independent action on the groundd of national self-interest or any other standard excuse, Finland first approached Sweden. Together these nationa agreed that the islands may be for- tifled; and that the nations should
bo trained to help defend
them- selves. But before this has been put
NOT ALLOWED ΤΟ DO ITS ACT!
Corps Whitelan
Arctic Exploration
Is Different Now
T is an old story that Arctic explorers after some time get so tired of each other that they cannot bear the sight of their fellows and often go mad because of no reason.
I have heard it time and agala, and people really get sore, when you tell them that you never had. this experience yourself. People like to stay in their old error, It is so much easier!
And Arctic exploration has been the object of many errors from the
of old-and still are. lays
Some time there ruled some mystery about the Frozen North. People who went there belleved themselves up in the very danger of their life, and their doings were handicapped by these thoughts all
the time.
Funny enough! But the explorers used themselves to be responsible for it themselves.
Haven't I read and heard lectures from many such fine travellers, always stating how much hardship they lind been up against? They had been suffering from frost and gales, snowdrifts and starvations, terrible animals and frightful Eskimos, and much more than thas,
When I was a small boy I always wondered why men, who had escaped such perlis, always wanted to go back there again. Because they always did! Now I have spent most of my life on expeditions and I still wonder.
KNOW for myself that I am no big hero, and if I had met such con- ditions I should have kept out. Pretty long distance, too!
I
The Arcile explorations of Lo-day are somewhat different from before, shall not argue that in past years trav- ellers did have a tough time, but then again they did not do much to fight it. Read the old books about the English expeditions a hundred years ago or more. They were all milltary-organised. Officers in unliorus in the cabina, the crew living before the mast in horrible quarters. And everybody took it far granted that a huge percentage would die from scurvy during the winter.
Then cune the time with sledging as soon as the worst part of the dark- news was over. They travelled dragging their sledges themselves; that was, the officers walked beside, commanding the saflorn, who had the harnesses on.
That was before kerosene was in use. In the evenings they used cool for cooking. Their food was mostly salt meat, and gin was supposed to be as
necessary as anything for the up- Keep of life.
Only when the modern thine came in the exploration of the Polar regions could amount to any- thing real. The invention of the primus stove did more than any- thing else.
After that the dogsledge, dis- tances were covered no man would have dreamt about before.
At the same time the leadership In Arelle exploration passed from England to Scandinavia, and there it stayed for quite many years.
It was the ingenious Norwegian. Fridtjof Nansen, who must have the honour for that. After him enme a splendid line of strong men born in the Scandinavian coun- trics.
THE motor beat look over the trans-
portation in summer, where be fore one had rowed heavily with the skinboals or wooden ones, which, ail of them demanded big crew. After the motorbent came the tractor, and then the aeroplane.
The coastlines of the Arctic are gen. erally known. There is no more new land to find and soon the lands of the frozen north will be opened even to Tourists.
But don't anybody belleve that this is the end of the Arctic scientifle re- search. The work is only started. Now we know where to go after what wo want. Now we can take the specialists there, anfely, even if they are not nth. fetic and trained to stand all kinds of hardships.
To say the truth there was often too much bluff in the hero stuff the ex- plorers liked to pull. Dangers are to be faund-yes, of course. In the Aro tle there always was a fight for the upkeep of life. But now we are cap- able of taking a look at what has been done in the past, what are we doing now, and what the future will be for the Arctic.
To-day the leadership in Arctic work undoubtedly is in the Soviet Union, Not surprising when one takes a look at the map and sees how big a coast- ling the Soviet people possess com- pared with other countries.
☆
AN International exhibition of Polar exploration is to take place in Ber-
gen in the year 1940. This will be the very first exhibition of its kind, and will show the evolution of Aretta ro-
enrch,
That man is not born who can help admiring Norway and ita men. When- ever I visit Norway, and mostly when
Feared Iron Lung Was No Longer Available-Died
SUDDEN relief from the fear that the iron lung from which she had been freed after five months would not be available if needed, is believed to have killed 28- year-old Mrs. Gould, of Braintree Green, Braintree, Essex.
BY PETER FREUCHEN
Peter
Freuchen, six-foot-seven, wooden-legged Aretle adventurer, being in London, we asked him to write this articio, which we print in his own words. This famous Danish explorer believes that the land of the Eskimo will soon become
tourists' paradise.
I come up to the Arctle part of it. I meet men, who-born north of the Arctic Circle-have zoen the sea right outside their door from their birth, They are people who are forced to make their living from that pitiless sea, and who have developed the most splendid ways of fighting the nature of 1.
Many Norwegiana go year after year for up in the high Äretle, and make a living for themselves and their children and wives from hunting and Aahing where no other nation can go. No wonder that this country got sons who were born for Arclio explora- tions like no one else.
Bo it is just and right that this coun- try should have the honour of organis ing the first international exhibition of Polar exploration at Bergen in 1940, The old caplial of Western Norwayi Hero came the sailors with goods from north and south. Hero have been dona great things, and wo still smell the odour of the old time walking on the streets here. It is liko wading in remembrances to be in Bergen.
This exhibition will not be competi Live between anybody. There 14 no. thing an international-na Arctic' ex- ploration. Results are always pub-
fished, and everything found will always art has always been used as-a step forward from where the next
Many nations have during the past
man can start,
years added to the Arctic explora- tions. It will be not only an attrae- tion for experts and specialists, it win be not less than a chapter of the history of man that can be Iald open to the publis
Only a wonder that such a thing nover took place before!
BEING an Arctic explorer myatif, I had the happy fate to live in a time where the new time broke in, I was a dog driver, and I walked thousands of mica dragging a sledge. I rowed in skinbeats and kayaks and walked on skis for months, and what we brought home in my youth was little and looks: humble compared · with present-day-. collections.
My best impression of this I got last year, when I now a stretch in an nero- plane in six hours, that had taken me three months to cover years before.
But also I had the luck to And that. nothing that we did was hi vain, The- exhibition in Bergen will show it to the - world,
For me, Bergen in 1940, because L there will see without danger and with small expenses, but with all the excite- ments, what I tried all my life to find on my many journeys way up in the- unknown and virgin deserts of the loo- and know.
into action all the signatory powers Recently she was taken from the iron lung in which as well as the Leaguy have been she had lain continuously since August at the Braintree Britain Drinks More Beer
consulted. As can be seen; Great Britain has promptly and rightly pgreed to re-fortflention of the falande.
Isolation Hospittl.
"What a relief to be back in an ordinary bed again," sho| sighed.
Later she saw an iron lung being taken from the hospital Fear that one would hot bë1at härid, hind a screen in the hospital Mrs. and Germany will do. They would all the good work of the previous less. both like the Independent little la: Ave month
AUGUSTEP: Whs “stummoned. As he Next moment she collapsed and lands for themselves,*/
ThatN64" her, another from lung; be- died.
LESS illicit liquor is being browed in Britain; more (legal) beer: is being drunk: Britons are smoking less home-grown tobacco; "uncle," the pawnbroker, and moneylenders are dis
Tho-real problem is what Rusalhin emergenev caused hyšlerin, undid } Gould realised her fear was ground appearing races, and there are now only half as many hawkers.
as a year ago.
These facts were revealed recently in the Customs and Excise: annual report.
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