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Minorities
AT BOTTOM the question
threatening the peace of Europe is not, as Mr. Garvin suggested in the London "Ob- server" this Sunday, the prob- lem of Italy's claims on France.
It is a question of hegemony. A single minority has become the issue of the day-a super- ficial issue. Loud as are the demands from Rome on behalf of its minority in Tunisia and Corsica, they do not drown out the cries and echoes which the existence of minorities in nearly every State in Europe produces.
A truly totalitarian approach to Europe's minority grievances would recognise that Europe it- self is one big minority problem. A readjustment of national bor- ders to bring the greatest num- ber of minority members back into the folds of their own national states would involve ecssions of territory by Italy, France, Russia, Germany, Aus- trin, Poland, Rumania, and by other states.
Such a solution naturally is not proposed, because only those adjustments of minority ques- tions which will result in the greatest embarrassment to de- mocracies are at this moment useful in Rome-Berlin diplomacy. Broadly, religion, race, lan- guage, base all minorily problems the problem being grievous usually in proportion to the restrictions placed by governments on the exercise of minority rights and privileges in these three fields. ·
Incidentally, it is difcult to find a
section of Europe in which minorities have been more severely treated than in the south Tyrol, which Was ceded to Italy after the Great War and where the minority- in which Berlin appears to Lake no interest-ia Germanie.
M
ARP.
A. R. Pygmalion: "Dear Statuc, Please Come to Life!” Pygmalion made a statue of Venus, fell in love with it, and prayed that it should come to life. George Whitclaw casts Sir John Anderson--whose A.R.P. scheme will be considered by the
-as Pygmalion,
Commons
Reporting Progress: by Ritchie Calder
Y long white beard got tangled in the works and stopped the clock this week-end while I gave my small son his seventh birthday lecturo оп "When Father Was a Boy."
I told him how on my seventh birthday I was taken to Montrose Aerodrome, in Angus, to see Cap- tain Longcroft, who had made a record flight of 630 miles to Farn- borough. And how the Schneider Cup was won that year with a speed of 407 m.p.h.
The look he gave me made me feel
as venerable as Santa Claus. For he has the modern boy's passion for aviation. He knows that the latest non-stop flight was more than ten times as far, and the record flying-speed nearly ten times as great.
Yet I was talking about 1013- only 25 years ago,
It made me realise how the speed of modern events is changing the time-scale, that, in terms of rapid progress, we are as far removed from our grandfathers as they were from the Roiatis.
So I spent yesterday try- Ing to devise a new elock. My first attempt was to borrow the radium-clock withi which modern geologists measure the age of the earth. The radio- activity of a given mass of thorium is reduced to half-value in 1,800,000,000 years. It turns even- tually into lead. And from that we know that the earth must be at least 3,000,000,000 years old.
But found my desk littered with noughts and I abandoned it for a more manageable clock in which an hour became 100 years.
That makes my son only 4 min- utes 12 seconds old and myself 10 minutes 12 seconds old.
Seven months ago. by this reckoning, the first man-like apes of whom we find traces, were fash- ioning roughly shaped stones which they used as hand-axes. They were still animal, but they walked upright, These "pseudo-
One hour
100 years
men" inhabited a Europe in which there wero hairy mammoths, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, sabre- toothed tigers and giant beavers.
The Dawn Man,still an ape, was living beside river near Plit- down, In Sussex, barely six weeks ago.
Three weeks ago most of Europe was covered with icc. like the ice- cap which covers Greenland to- day. The North Sea and the Irish Sea were river beds. The Mediter- ranean was a deep valley, across which travelled the rhinocerosca. hippopotami. and elephants, on their way to the warmer South. The cold killed off the sabre- toothed tiger altogether;
Hunting these animals were en- lightened apes, the Neanderthal Men. They had discovered the use of fire. by, it is believed, striking iron pyrites against flint, probably in naking their tools.
They wore skins from the uni- mals they killed; they lived in caves, huddled round their fres against the creeping cold of the Fourth Ice Age, which was eventu- ally to destroy them. They ved on putrid flesh and the marrow of mashed up bones.
THE Fourth Ice Age lasted less than a fort- night by this reckoning. and as the icc-cap began to shrink northwards and the climate of Europe began to get warmer, the first real men-not Ape Men, but men very like us-appeared.
They came, it is believed. from
the common cradio of Mankind. the part of Asia we now call Iran. and, until recently. Persia.
Ten days ago, these Cro-Magnons began to draw on the walls of their caves, use pigments to shroud their dead at ritual burlats, They tol lowed the herds of wild horses and reludeer as they sought new pas- tures in the wake of the retreating ice.
Four days ago. Man began to take a pride in his crafts, to palut pebbles મ Jewellery for his Woman, make pottery and tame animals for domestic uses.
Round the lake dwellings of two days ago, our ancestors began to grow wheat, barley and ̄ millet. ̈ And agriculture began.
LESS than a week ago. the valley which separ- ated what we now call Europe from Africa was flooded. the Katca at Gibraltar were broken down and the Atlantic flowed in. Maybe that was the Bible Deluge,
By Greenwich Mean Time, it is midnight. At 4.37 this morning began the Christiars Era. Thirty- three minutes before Cæsar bad invaded Britoin Rome was sucked by the Vandals from Germany at 8.43 a.m. The sun was temporarily eclipsed. Mohammed was born at 10.55.
At 3.24 this afternoon, Willam the Conqueror invaded England. By 4.30 men were using gun- powder.
At 7.10 this evening Constanti-
The Coogans GRIN AND BEAR IT Separate
New York, Vowing their love for each other.
Jackle The Kid") Coogan and his blonde wife, Betty Grable, have been forced to separate, their furniture sold by financial necessity, and their home closed.
Miss Grable has returned to her mother, Mrs. Lilien Grable, and Jackie in Rying with an uncle, Mr. George Coogan.
There is no question of divorce. It Is purely a matter of the pounds. shillings and pence not being enough to keep the home going.
Poland, which has joined the clamour for the return of its
"VERY MUCH IN LOVE" minorities, is itself ruler over
Mrs. Lillan Grable, explaining the minoritica which constitute | situation, sold: "Both love each other very much, but everything is in u about thirty per cent. of its
I financial tangle, Jackie's lawsuit population. Hungary governs against his stepfather and mother minorities constituting about 15e is suing for the recovery of
(Mr.
and Mrs. Arthur Bornstein, whu per cent. of Its population. £800.000 he claims to have earned
of on a child) still being delayed." About thirty per cent. Rumania's population comprises minorities. ..In Yugo-Slavia, among the 21 per cent. of the population composed of minuri- ties, are more than 600,000 Germans.
love Beity very, very much. But Said Jackle: "It is very tough. I everything will come out all right. We hope to be together again as soon as nur finances allow us to do so."
Belly declared: "I am still crazy about "Jacklo. The separation isn't permanent. Once he gets bark on his feet we'll be together again.”
By Lichty
"Of course it's a silly superstilim, but whenever tos have a bit
for $13, like pours, we skip it and go to 14."
nople was taken by the Turks. The learned men, heirs to the cul- ture of the East, of Greece, and of Rome, began to flee westwards like the Jewish refugees of 1930, taking with them the culture which gave us the Renaissance,
Columbus discovered America at 7.31 this evening. At 7.47 began the Reformation.
TWENTY-ONE minutes before printing had been introduced, Drake salied round the world at 0.25, and defeated the Spanish Armada at 8.30. having discovered Greenland in the interval.
At 8.38 Scotland and England were united under James VI and 1st.
Within 25 minutes Britain was In the throes of Civil War.
James Watt's steam engine be- Ran the industrial Revolution at 10.10. Five minutes later America had declared Its Independence. Within another 9 minutes the Bas- tillo had fallen and the French Revolution had begun.
Napoleon had 12 minutes in the limelight.
Faraday's electrical discoveries which made the generation of electric power as we know it to- day possible, occurred at 5 minutes to 11.
By 11 o'clock we had the electric telegraph. Within another minute we had photography. Four min- utes Inter women had the mechanicni sewing machine. Chloroform came within another half-minute.
At 11.16 the first explosion motor which was to lend to motor-cars and power-driven neropianes had been evolved.
Blx minutes later Graham Bell had invented the telephone, fol- lowed within 30 seconds by the gramophone. and within a minute by the electric lamp.
CINEMA TO GRAPHY "arrived" 20 minutes дло, Marconi sent his first message across the Atlantic by wireless at 22 minutes 18 seconds ago.
"The Wright Brothers made their first fight 21 minutes ago.
The Great War lasted two min- utes 38 seconds in this time scale. Broadcasting began 10 minutes ngo, and talkies of minutes ago. Television Droadcasts began one minute 13 seconds ago.
Hitler has been in power three minutes, long enough for him to turn the clock back alx hours to the Dark Agea of Barbarism, and the ghetto.
Now I am going to set the alarm for 800 years hence, in the hope that
can sleep off the headache this timekeeping has given me.
-To-day's Thought TIME goes, you say?. Ah no!
Alas, Time stays, WE os.
-AUSTIN DOBSON...!!
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