THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPHI, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1988.
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THE 10 and 12 H.P.
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FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1938.
The former German colonies are ruled under mandate, What is a mandate?. It is an order from the League of Nations entrusting a State with the governance of another people-in other words, the post-war alternative to the outright annexation of colonies.
The award of the mandates was decided after the war by the Supreme Council of the Allies, and the Mandatory Powers--that is those administering the territories-have to render an account of their stewardship to the Permanent Mandates Com- mission of the League.
The Mandatory Power is a trustee rather than a proprietor. Its authority-exercised on behalf of the League-is conferred solely with a view to securing the well-being of the inhabitants of the territory concerned.
The inhabitants of a mandated territory do not automatically become subjects of the country hold- ing the mandate. They are given diplomatic pro- tection abroad and may become naturalised sub- jects. Otherwise they are simply persons protected under mandate.
FRENCH WEST AFRICA
TOGOLAND
NIGERIA
Khartim
ANGLO- EGYPTIAN SUDAN
BELGIAN
CONGO
PLANDA
6. URANDI
CAMEROONS
Mandates British..
Union of S.Africa E French...
Belgian.......M
Territory ceded to Germany 1911.
Reverted to France
ABYSSINIA
(ITALIAN)
YALIAN
SOUTHWEST) AFRICA
TANGANYIKA. TERRITORY
in 1918... shown CAPETOWN
The Cameroons
BECHUANA-
LA
UNION OF
SOUTH AFRICA,
INDIAN
OCEAN
Miles
Since 1910 roads have been-
MOST impressive fea- built, railway lines laid, and tele- phones extended, Medical science ture In the landscape has fought to make the land WHAT was Germany's had fallen to 27 per cent.; Ger- is the active volcano, Mount worth living in.
Cameroon, the only African former standing as a many's had risen to 14 per cent.
mountain to be washed by the So much for Germany's pre- Colonial Power? Where were Germans like the place. gen. This 13,000ft. giant stands war possessions in Africa, Of her colonies? What did they Granted the right of free entry in British territory, for the Ger- her Pacific territories, the most Our Weak Earth
produce? How have they de- in 1926, about 3,000 settled there man Cameroons, 191,000 square important was:
in 12 years. There are 546 Ger- miles, were divided into British Thirty-three earthquake shocks veloped under mandatory rule?
man landowners; 493 British. and French mandates. Britain New Guinea are recorded at the Royal Obser-
Now that the Colonial issue is The rest are Grecks and Indians. took 34,000 square miles-a
THE mandate of German
New Sisal is Tanganyika's main strip on the north-west, adjoin- vatory in Hongkong in twelve likely to come to the forefront,
Guinea, along these questions are being every stay the plant from which ing Nigeria.
with the Blamarck Archipelago, days. The total is phenomenal. where asked. In the next few cordage and twine are made. It A hot, rainy, mountainous, and the Solomon Islands, was rather uncomfortable land-the granted after the war to Aus- Five of the quakes were major months the destiny of the ex- accounts for half her export catastrophes which, had they | German
Other products are cot- least developed of all the Ger- tralia--and the development in territories scattered trade. occurred on land and not in the over Africa, Australasia, the ton, groundnuts, coffee, hides, man colonies. To-day there are New Guinea since then has been only 320 Europeans in the Bri- remarkable. Of all the ex-Ger- South Sea Islands, and the Far
tisli part, among 780,000 natives. man colonies none other has Pacific Ocean, would have occa-East will occupy the attention of German South-West
They do a nice trade in cocoa, made so much progress.. rubber, palm kernels, palm oil- DREARY and de- "A
and lately in bananas, and ex- still largely unknown island was The German portion of this Alasica, the Aleutian Islands,
Before the war Germany
solate region which
of little panding industry.
90,000 square miles, with a na- Japan, Formosa, the Philippines, ranked third among the Colonial seems likely to prove
The Cameroons, too, was a tive population of about half a value," wrote a pessimistic New Guinea and New Zealand Powers. The three great na traveller in 1899. All the same crown. Consider the Budget of £194,000, exports £181,000. In costly jewel in the Imperial million. In 1910 imports were tions of Western Europe exer- there's money in it. The Union cised dominion over these areas: of South Africa runs this colony 1912-receipts, £316,000; ex- 1936 Australian enterprise had part of the earth's crust. Hong Great Britain 11:400,000 square miles of 318,000 square miles, with its Penditure, £882,000. There is increased trade more than ten-
France
still a deficit-though not so big, fold. Exports stood at £2,500,- Revenue in the small British 000; imports
sloned terrific loss of life.
lie directly along the weakest
kong is a hundred miles outside the zone.
Previous Disasters
The biggest earthquake ever recorded occurred in China in
1555 A.D. Half a million people
were killed.
Over 77,000 lost their lives in the terrible Messina disaster of
statesmen.
Germany
skins, gold.
4,223,000 square miles 1,000-miles coastline. 1,134,000 square miles
AMONG
the
ance,
In 1912 for every £ Germany section in 1935 was £94,000 and leaving a nice favourable bal
dt £1,400,000, To-day there are no German sent South-West Africa she got expenditure £121,000-out of colonies. They have been split about
soven shillings back. pocket, £20,000. up among the British Empire. Things were much better than France, Belgium, and Japan.
Coconut is by far the principal. that two years ago. Here is the Togoland
crop, and the yield of this and Most of the German terri- 1936-37 Budget: Receipts, £618,-
other products, such as coffee, German torics were acquired around 1884 000; expenditure, £759,000.
colonies, Togoland was ormously increased by scientific cocon, and rubber, has been en- und 1886. That was at the A £600,000 adverse trade the ewe lamb.. It was a mode! methods of cultivation. height of the International race balance had been converted (ac- estate, self-supporting, peaceful, for colonies..
cording to the latest returns) not asking for any subsidies-no In 1914 there were 84,000 acres of plantations. Two years In 1914, while the German into a surplus of well
over £1,-
trouble at all.
December 28, 1908. Twenty- colonies were peopled by 15,000,000,000. Diamonds form A A queer sort of land-running ago there were 484,000 acres. four thousand were killed in 000 natives, the German popula- large share of the export trade, 345 miles into the interior, yet The bulk of the trade is done another Italian earthquake on tion itself in them was only 18,- which also includes animals for with a coast line of only 32 miles. with Australia, with Britain tak January 13, 1916. The terrible 500.
slaughter, meat, hides and skins, It ran to 33,700 square miles, but ing second place. In 1936-36 and butter. One valuable posses now it is split up into British this country sold the territory Japanese earthquake of Septem- Let us take a look at these sion is the deposits of vanadium, and French mandates. Our goods worth £184,000. ber 1, 1923 claimed 99,474 lives. vast ex-German possessions. used for steel alloys.
portion is a narrow ribbon of Out in the Pacific, mere dots More than 400 miles of new 13,000 square miles adjoining, on the atlas, are the Marshall In the 1934 Formosan disaster, German East Africa railways and 700 miles of motor and administered by, the Gold Islands, the Marianne Islands, 2,471 people lost their lives and
HERE, in the language roads have been added since the Coast.
the Caroline Islands, and the 50,000 were rendered homeless.
of estate agents, is a Germans left. South-West Africa The principal trade is done in island of Pelew. Japan holds India is in the danger zone for choice property, now known as also takes a small share of Bri- palm kernels, palm oil, and cocoa, these mandates.
between tish goods. Two years ago 50 but it is difficult to estimate the earthquakes and has received Kenya on the north and Portu- per cent of its imports
Tanganyika, situate
came growth of commerce since Ger- Far East frequent visitations of a dis-guese East Africa on the south, from Germany; only 20 per cent. man times, as complete British astrous nature. The famous Held under British mandate. from Britain.
statistics are not published. Assam earthquake of 1897 was violently felt over the largest part of India, 2,500 people being killed in Shillong.
Formerly comprising 884,000 square miles, cessions of land to GRIN AND BEAR IT Belgium and Portugal have re- [duced it to 360,000 square miles.
Population in 1914 was 7,500,- Eight years later, India
|000, including 5,000 Europeans: shook in the great April, 1905 and 13,000 Asiatics. To-day the earthquake, when 20,000 lives Europeans have increased to were lost. This earthquake was
9,000, Asiatics to 32,000.
felt over an area estimated at 1,625,000 square miles!
"German East" was not a pro-k
investment. Its fitable
Expendi-
ture in 1912 was £1,800,000, with centre was in the Kangra valley, only £624,000 coming back to the in the north-west Himalayaa. Imperial coffers. Now the The shock of the Bengal wealth of the country has multi- plied. Last year on a £2,000,000 earthquake of January 15, 1934, Budget there was a surplus of was recorded in Hongkong at an | £19,000: intensity comparable with that
Trade, too, has made big
in Yokohama and Tokyo in strides in 20 years. In 1910
1923. Nearly three thousand people lost their lives in this disaster.
imports were £1,000,000 and ex- porta just over £1,000,000-near- ly a million to the bad. In 1936 the imports had grown to £3, Thirty thousand people died at 000 or £3,860,000 on the right 850,000 and exports to £4,500,- Quetta three years ago.
side.
Britain's share of this com- morco is decreasing. Tangan-
The five major earthquakes recorded since November 6 were equal in Intensity toyika took 42 per cent. of its im- greatest shock recorded this cen- and 8.8 por cent, from Germany.{ ports from this country in 1980
Two years ago Britain's sharoi
tury!
GERMANY'S only Far Eastern possession was Kiao-chow, wrested from China in 1897 as reparation for
By Lichty the murder of two of her mis-
sionaries. Later, by agreement, It was leased to Germany for 99 years. Japan took it over dur- ing the war, handed it to China. afterwards, and is now wrang- ling over it.
Finally, and this is the limit of German posacasions before the war, there were the Samoan Islands and little Nauru,
In 1914 the Samoan Islands were occupied by New Zealand, and at the end of the war the mandate was awarded to that Dominion. There is always a' surplus in the small but healthy Budget of happy Samos. The equally healthy conditions of the light-hearted islanders is shown by the fact that the population Increased from 40,000 to 55,000, between 1926 and 1986.
Nauru is an atoll only 12 mliea in circumference, but its surface is almost entirely made up of phosphates. Tho export of
| phosphates in 1986 alone was. well over half a million tong. This valuable island is now held
| under the joint mandate of Br[- tain, Australia, and New Zea-
"Well? are you coming along, quietly, or do we have to use force land.
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