THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1988.
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WHO GRIN AND BEAR IT
By Lichty
THE MAN
MAN WHO Freed 8,000,000
Women
Kemal Ataturk, first of the 20th-century Dictators, the man who transformed Turkey from mediaevallam to a progressive Jrced modern State; who Has 8,000,000
the women from shackles of veil and harem, is dead.
Jila astounding
carcer
lich
ort
весть
Is the Исто one. story of this remarkable man.
"GENERAL Mustapha Kemal Pasha would
like to have a talk with you,"
Sitting in the Government offices in Smyrna, this time wear- ing the khaki uniform and fur "kalpak" of a Turkish general, he stated his terms of peace, both with the Greeks and with their Allied backers.
He said that if they were not granted he would march on Con- stantinople, then garrisoned by Allied troops.
British Troops Sent
ቤ
THAT threat brought Britain to within said the Swiss manager of the hair's-breadth of another war in HONGKONG HOTEL
Pera Palace Hotel in Constan- the Near East. British troops GARAGE
Constan- tinople (now Istanbul), a few were rushed out to
Dominions were Tel. 27778-9.days after Turkey had signed tinople; the
her armistice with the Allics on asked to co-operate once more;] October 30, 1918.
the Turkish Army advanced to I had just arrived with the within sight of the British lines Chief of Staff of the Salonica at Chanak. Army in a destroyer, before the The self-restraint and patience TRY THE 10 AND 12 H.P. Dardanelles had been opened by of General Sir Charles Haring-
the sweeping of the mineflelds. ton, then British
Vauxhall
The
Hongkong Telegraph.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1938.
B
Commander-
At that time Mustapha Kemal, in-Chief at Constantinople, avert- whose death last Friday made ed this disaster. A truce was main page headlines all over the concluded at Mudania, and there world was known only as the able began the long conference of who had been Lausanne, at which the victori- young general
Turks obtained [} very the favourable revision of the peace
largely responsible for the defeat ous of the British attack on Gallipoli Peninsula.
Frock-Coat And Fez
the
to
He
be-
Taps. 1958 by United Pontert dymkiosks. I
"Naw.
CAPTAIN TIVEEDLES TATTOO
PARLOR
OUR WORK S NIFTY FREE PITE
ONE
2-17
Just work on the arm-I'm savin' this space till the
right girl comes along!"
with a
A day LEADER and HIS WIFE
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and his Wellesley-educated wife, Mel- fing Soong, have borne seemingly crushing burdens for more than a year. The pattern of life of probably the world's busiest man and wife is rigid, yet the two form a co-ordinated team unique in history. In the following article, written shortly before the fall of tankow, a United Press cor-
treaty which they had been forced to sign after their defent in the Grent War. Linked by "Isolation"
Kemal's
seemed carcer RITONS and Americans,
have reached its climax. ENVER PASHA,
Commander-in-Chief. had crushed the Greeks and turn- like members of a family, jealous of his successes, had tried ed the tables on the Allied respondent pictures, a typical day with the generalissimo and Mime Chiany.
to side-track him, and Kemal had Powers. His countrymen sometimes let their very resem-
never got on well with the Ger- stowed on him the ancient Tur- blances push them apart. In
man General Staff in Turkey. kish title of "Ghazi," or "Con- the United States there has
It soon transpired that the queror of the Infidel." been more than a little
com- object of his invitation to my- But Kemal was still only at plaint that Great Britain "etself was to try to find some the outset of his extraordinary means of conveying to the Bri-record of achievement, which has atish Government an offer of his transformed Turkey from A
mediaeval to a modern State. services.
the Czechs down." From seemingly safe distance some vocal Americans were more about it than the Czechs.
In England there has always been a strong feeling that much of Britain's troubles since the
war have come from caring for
a foundling left on Europe's doorstep by America the League of Nations. In London umid official appreciations of President Roosevelt's messages to Chancellor Hitler there are unofficial remarks about all this having been "unnecessary if America had not deserted the League."
I found him
coat and red fez.
different.
By F. M. FISHER How does a man behave when he is guiding the destinies nearly a quarter of the world's population at war?
the Christion Liternture Society of
other visitors
assistance
man
Не
The
With his interviewers out of the of way the generalissimo turns again newspapers. He is an omnivorous the newspaper render, reading all to incoming reports and rends the
local papers, many from other parts Chiang Kai-shek is unquestionably the mainspring of China at war. His of China and digests (in Chinese) American-educated wife is his first of foreign publications.
His wife is of great and closest confidente, a granite- He became the first of the lieutenant featured, fair-moustached man Dictators; and, having regard to sharing with him many of the tre in keeping him in touch with for- mendous responsibilities of leading eign opinion by reading the foreign of 37, wearing a civilian frock the primitive social and economic the world's most populous nation papers and magazines and telling
conditions with which he had to through the perils of war. How do him about them.
Luncheon is served at 12:30 or 1 o'clock. Occasionally a high mil In slow emphatic French he deal, his success is full worthy they conduct themselves from day to expressed the opinion
that to rank beside those of the heads day, how do they stand the strain?
Briefly the answer is that they live itary commander or two, a few per- Turkey should never have sided of the authoritarian Governa life of almost monastic simplicity, sonal friends, or sometimes a for- against Britain. She must now ments of Western Europe. closely adhering to personal rules and sign diplomat is invited to share pay the penalty of defeat, but, as To those who knew the old schedules that help them to remain the simple meal with the Chinese. calm and unflurried as they dispose Seldom are there more than five or
six at the tablo. patriotic Turk, he hoped that, pre-Kemai Turkey the changes of an incredible amount of world. if Turkish territory was to be that he has wrought would seem
Although American or European While both "the generalissimo and occupied by the Allies, it would inconceivable. In 1923 I travel- the madame," as they are referred food is served several times each be the British and not the led with him from Constantinopic to here, are extremely reticent and week, lunch and dinner in the even- French who would take
015 Such
an ordinary, well-to-do over to Angora and saw the beginning shun publicity of a personal nature, ing are usually simple Chinese food
close associates have furnished Asia Minor.
of the revolution that he subse- picture of a day in the life of this Chinese merchant or business
would have at home. In that case, he said, a staff of quently brought about in the couple.
After lunch the generalissimo Turkish officials would be need- life of his people.
The generalissimo invariably rises ut 0, Twenty or 30 minutes brisk takes a nap for 30 minutes or an ed, and he would be quite willing
again with the Angora [Ankaral], now a mo-setting-up exercises, a bath and a hour, then deals to serve, under British authority, dern European city, with hotels shave and he joins his wife at 7 for never-ending stream of documents und reports. It is usually during as a Governor of one of the pro- of European standard, fine pub- their "quiet time." This half hour, this after-lunch period that he ca vinces of that area.
lic buildings, and broad boule-fum 7 to 7.30 is never omitted, no wblishes direct contact with the Reid matter how pressing other affairs If the course that Mustapha vards, was then a squalid Anato-may be. Together they customarily commanders at the front by tele-
read a short passage from the Bible phone, telegraph and radio. Kemal then had in mind could lian town.
in Chinese and one of the daily hears their reports, gives suggestions have been adopted, the whole. The only inn was a verminous "Morning Readings" prepared by and orders concerning actual opera- subsequent history of the Middle wooden caravanserai, in which I
tions. and Sometime during the afternoon he East might have been very had the greatest difficulty in Shanghai, discuss the reading
presides at a staff conference," at- But Asia Minor was securing a dingy, whitewashed then kneel and pray together. not occupied. It remained under room with iron bedstead for my-un ordinary Chinese breakfast of rice-St
Breakfast is a simple meal, usually tended by members of the General Staff, the Operations Board and
milltory of a self alone. The sanitation was gruel, eggs and a vegetable or two. other
branches. Later the nominal authority puppet Turkish Government in of the Middle Ages, and the only coffee or even' ten, feeling that even flexibility of the afternoon's pro-
The generalissimo
drinks never
are received. Constantinople, which was con- kind of bath available was B
these mild stimulants detract from gram permits occasional long inter- trolled by the Allied High Com- petrol-tin filled with water.
bis physical and mental ability to views and reports such as that which missioner there.
There was a single restaurant withstand the strains he must under Dr. Sun Fo recently made on re- turning from his Important mission in the town, where goat's flesh.
to Europe. After breakfast the generalissimo! was the standing dish. The
turns at once to important military In peace times the Chiangs were THESE aged Turkish Prime Minister lived in the sta- dispatches and reports, making accustomed to go for a short walk statesmen SAW in tion-master's office on the small rapid survey of the altuation at the in the early evening, but even this Kemal, with his past military railway platform. There were various fronts, then dictates urgent brief recreation has had to be abun achievements and political acti- then no diplomats in Angora, instructions and orders regarding doned owing to pressure of work
the conduct of operations. At 8:30 since hostilities commenced. vitics, a source of potential dan- but the American Consul and his the first of a long line of visitors The Chlanga ordinarily dine al ger for themselves. They ne- wife inhabited a railway-coach.
7.30 or 8, the meat being similar to cordingly sent him over to Asin Mustapha Kemal himself had It is not unusual for 20 or 30 per- lunch. Afterward they enjoy a brief Minor in the following year to a small modern villa outside the sons-important government om- period of comparative relaxation, They read act as Inspector-General. town, and he showed me the clals, high military commanders, usually alone together.
to times books. He always avalda conTM This gave him the opportunity plans of the new capital which aides and advisereto have bus letters, a few late reports and some- I looked merit an interview with the gen-sideration or discussion of serious to organise that stronghold of he intended to create.
the desolate marahy cralissimo. To deal with this num- problems after dinner. They retire
ber of interviews he has upset old-at 10 or 11 o'clock. the Turkish race not as an Allied out over dependency but as a Turkish plain depicted as its site and in-style Chinese official etiquette
Mme. Chiang's day, as full as that registered complete tirely and established his own set of her husband, is more varied. Since of wardly Nationalist State, defiant
of rules:
relinquishing her post as secretary- Sultan, Grand Vizier, and Allies scepticism.
First, visitors must come directly general of the Aeronautical Affairs alike.
With burning zeal and ruth- "Father Of The Turks" to the point, expressing quickly and Commission she has turned her nt- concisely exactly what they have to tention to social welfare and relief work, chiefly with war orphans, wo- lesa determination, he revived YET his schemes have say or ask. the warlike spirit of the Turkish
been fulfilled to the Second, a written report should men and girl workers. She is also Army to such effect that when last detail, and with a minimum be prepared in advance. Sometimes one of the leading spirits of the New these written reports are submitted Life Movement, participating active- ely in most of its social welfare pro- the Greeks, two years later, of foreign help. Kemal abolish-the previous day to enable Chiang landed at Smyrnn and marched ed the State religion of Islam, to familiarize himself with the de-jects and acting as virtual head of tain conditions they will be in- up-country to seize the rich did away with the harem, com-talls. Even the style of these re-the women's section of the move-
ports ja revolutionary: Instead of volved. This similarity of pur-coustal zone that had been pro-pelled his people to adopt Euro- the old involutions ond courtesies Investigations and planning for mised to them as their share of pean dress and habits of life, in- they must be as terse and direct the work of these and other projects poses and positions ought to
the war-booty, Kemal, after first troduced Latin script and Agures as a good executive's business letter, together with her personal help each to "see ouraci's as falling back before them, turned; instead of Arabic characters, Third, visitors are allowed just respondence occupy mornings. She usually attends to her corres- others see us." A shared desire and in a series of swift victories, and even obliged the Turks to for "isolation" from what Mr. drove the whole Greek Army assume surnames, setting the His associates say that in these pondence personally, often typing her Much of it is with hears own letters, interviews the generalissimo
either in Chinn Chamberlain spoke of the other helter-skelter out of Asia Minor. example by taking for himself the man, out, sake a few questions foreigners,
It was on the morrow of this that of "Ataturk," or "Father of and then delivers an Immediate de-abroad.
cision, since
During the
Mme. day as quarreling "In a distant
he cannot afford the
afternoons success, which had astounded the Turks."
time to defer decisions and pile up Chiang receives visitors. Her Est of land" should be not a cause of and dismayed the Allied Govern Amid so conservativo a race work. A Chinese
stenographer interviewers is often nearly as long to makes a complete
of each and Important Ar division, but a bridge to under- mente, that I had my second those changes
her husband's. Interview.
(Continued on Page 5.) standing.
meeting with Mustapha Kemal.
Clearly all such recrimina- tions are unprofitable and indeed weakening. There is a danger that each country will use the other's poor behaviour to excuse its
backbiting OWII. Such makes for misunderstanding and division at a time when under standing and unity are needed. And it's all very foolish. Ameri- cans who talk loudest about British "responsibility" often the same ones who want America to "wash its hands" of Europe. And Britons who re- "iBoln- proach America for tionism" wish fervently that the English Channel, were as wide as the Atlantic.
are
Actually both nations are moved by similar motives; both are trying to keep as free from trouble as emotions, interests, idcula, and self-respect will per- mit. Both fear that under cer
Swift Victories
were bound (Continued on Page 3.)
and interviewers is received.
Inces
of suflelent Importance
five minutes.
record
en-
ment.
her