0
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH MONDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1008.
TIGER BEER
made from the finest
MALT
prepared from the bast Europeas Desley,
which it shipped stract from the producers to Malayan Browaries Ltd. E lined
to
care in which it is kept me fresh and whale wome when hirrested.
The finest Malt for the finest
Beer
"Tiger."
malt for strength
HOPS
AMA
A vital necessity in the productio
god bees. Fosent quality sunripened Hapu arm mead in she brawing of "Tiger"
Nok POLVISS · perfest. Navout for
titabara's best beet.
for the
The finest Evispaan
Finest beer.
hops for digestion
YEAST
pura fresh Yeast imported from Excepe in karmelically tested containers adds to the pondg
and ག་་འkans of Malaya's
finest Be "TIGER." yeast for vitality
Distributed by A. S. WATSON & CO., LTD.
WINE DEPT.
Moutrie
Tel. 20016
Pianos
ARE MADE WITH THE FINEST MATERIALS UNDER
EXPERT BRITISH SUPERVISION
The New "REGENT" Model
(FULL SIZED UPRIGHT)
IN MODERNISTIC DESIGN
$42500
INSTALLED-IN YOUR HOME ON PAYMENT OF A SMALL DEPOSIT
MOUTRIE'S
→ CANTON
YORK BUILDING CHATER RD.
AGENTS
for the
Hongkong Telegraph
WM. FARMER & CO. Victoria Hotel Building. Shameen, Canton.
Tel. 13501.
Beauty..
Be proud of the appearance of your automobile.
Keep the finish looking like new by polishing or waxing . clean the windows and polish the chromium. These are all important steps towards the beauty of your car.
But.
For that FINISHED BEAUTY for that final step in giving your car that smart different appearance, use WHIZ WHITE TIRE COATING. WHIZ WHITE TIKE COATING gives your automobile that sought after
Beauty
Sold Here HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE Stubbs Rd.
The
Hongkong Eclegraph.
MONDAY, Navesura 7, 19038.
Sanctity of Treaties
Europe appears on the thres. hold of a new set of treaties to replace the shattered fabric of 1919. The League of Nations considers severing its Covenant from the Treaty of Versailles.
aru
International law recognises the following rules regarding treaties: Changes in govern- ment do not affect trenties, which
between States. Changes in circumstances are: not valid reasons for violating treaties, Duress on signer us) no effect on legal force of treaty. Violation by one party, if proved
SQUABBLE that CHANGED HISTORY
THESE days, twenty-one years ago: the days just- before November 7.
1917.
November 7, of course, meant nothing in particular then (as July 4 meant nothing before 1776, or July 14 before 1789).
It was somebody's birthday, no doubl. IL Wass Whitaker chose to record--the denth day of Sir Martin Frobisher.
But nobody guessed in the days before the Bolshevik insurrection In Petrograd that something was happening which was going to shake the world" and to affect the external and internal polities of every country for a generation: and so for ever.
itself. Indeed, outside Russia nobody was taking much notice of the happenings inside that tom
The works! and tragic country. outside had other things to think about than
another diot Petrograd.
It was thinking about the war. And Russia was pretty well out of the war, anyway, with its armies broken or in revoli, Its Govern- ment powerless and crumbling.
What could Russia matter by comparison with the great events elsewhere?
The Canadians were stormi Paschendarle and Byn: was pre- Thr part to attack Cambrai. Italians were reeling back to the Plave after
disaster [ti Caporetto, Allenby was crashing through from Beer Cheba to Gaza ready for the Dual pontre un Colmut ilotse was on Jerusalem. His Way to England.
How, by comparison with such events, could the squabbles of tactions in stricken Russia matter to anybody but themselves?
Rather vaguely the outer world realised that there was a struggle for power going on. I knew that side by side with the Government orgats there were eurious bodies called Councils of Workers' und
MAXIMÁLIST SEDITION
IN PETROGRAD.
FIRM GOVERNMENT “STAND.
OPE
DRURY LANE TRATAM Maniyleg 1
THOMAS MICHAL
GRAND OPERA
TON AND ROBE
HYDARK Blita
Petnoogad, Nov. Zakju amnist naval detache cut, acting uningdherifḍers of the Moximalist | Beyermasangan Komunition, has reengard the offices of this official Pettugrul Telegraph} = ! Agency.
The Maximalata have also nempel the Central Telegraph Office, the Siste Dank, azul then, G Maths Palner, where the Preluunary Parlatosol, flies pirorectiture od vluch have been angenden ju vant of the stunting has been, höldne it-! Fittings.
Up to the present na drratibers have longe reported, with the exception of some amarnge?! lis bodizans,
Street trade nit the general life on the city fm, reumin normal,
NOVEMIER · F. ma**
Soldiers Deputies, which zome people, airing their knowledge. spoke of learnedly as “Soviets,"
It knew that there was a party of "Extremists "or" Maximalists," which was trying to get control of the Soviets and of the Government by the Soviets, and which was call-
for an immediate pence. And that their leaders were two men called Lenin and Trotsky.
15
The learned ones talked of them
Bolsheviks.
explained quite wrongly that Bolshevik Maximalist," that they 171
ximum demands made
the minimum of th” Mensheviks" or "Minimalista."
word That odd
"Maximal" stayed in fashion long enough to Het itself written into the Ver-
alles Treaty!
against
There was a general named Kor- nilov who had tried to march on Petrograd and restore the Tear: but he had falled because his
would troops not follow. Now all these other fellows were Squab-
amoag bling themselves, in-
15
slead of get- Ling on with the war, Promter Kerensky wished.
Nobody realised that Lenin, hav- ing overcome the doubts and hesi- tations of nearly all his comrades. was preparing to seize power, with the slogans of Peace, the Land for the Peasants, Workers' Control of Industry. All Power to the Sovieta: that the Bolshevik Revolution was beginnlug.
Certainly ubody dreamed that, $11 November, 1938, Petrograd would be Leningrad and all Russia celebrating the 20th birthday of the Soviet Republic.
It is odd-and chastenir-10 look back in the newspaper files for those days,
On November 5. Trotsky's clu- quence was capturing the key posi- Petrograd-the prisan tlon of fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul, The garrison was going over to the Bolsheviks—and the arins in the Arsenal were being put at The ser- vice of the Red Guard. Antonov- Overenko, ex-officer and mathe- matician, and the Military Revolu- tionary Committee were working
YANGTSE, RIVER OF DESTINY
or sulmitted, frees other party Foreign Powers' Share in
from obligations.
Examples of treaty violation,
| non-observance, and abrogation |
include:
1830- İtussia suppursos Polish Constitution on ground of Polish revnit.
1816-Austria takes Cracow by force, violating free rity treaty with Kassin and Prussia.
1918-Lamartine declares Con- Krys of Vienna treaties, 1815, void for France.
1870 Russia denvuneva neu tralisation of Black Sea under Trenty of Paris, 1856.
1908-Austria violates Berlin treaties of 1878 by annexing Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Own
vessels constwise
the Teeming
Traffic of China's Vital Artery
the necessaries of life.
The Japanese naval forces 20,000,000 EKyphos and Sudanese, commerce would be impossible with
the Yangise does for 200,000,000 cut the Yangtse. On it ply the deets have reached Hankow."
ali of them dependent, of Jardine, Matheson and Co., Butter ADD to that news item that Chinese.
Hankow is 600 miles from directly or indirectly, on the river for Beld and Swire, the Dollar Line of America, the Sino-Franco S.N. Co.. Shanghai, that even there the Its functions are threefold. To the Japanese Nisshin Kisen Kaisha river, a mile wide, could be begin with, it waters their crops-and and the China Merchants' S.N. Co. navigated in summer by 10,000 the struggle of the Chinese for exist From Shanghai alone there are over 14,000 departures of inland steamers ton liners, and that British gun-ence is so relentless that even
18 every year. boats saved lives at Ichang. 1.000 Szechuan, most fertile of the
provinces, many peasants cannot
LIFE IS CHEAP miles from the sea. Then you afford to rest content with two crops
The teeming lite of the rivera is have some idea of the immensity a years. They plant set a third of the Yangtse, the river of the river flats, on the chance that it one of the most fascinating features The junk destiny which the world now can be gathered before the river is of the Chinese scene.
They have! awollen by the melting snows of Tibet people are a class apart. watches so anxiously.
their own priests, tradesmen and and sweeps away its yield.
born Can you wonder that the Chinese beggars; on the river they are are habitual gamblers, ready to stake and married, and on the river they
shirts bave
die. The Junks are their only home.. anything mahjong to a contest of battling Fowls, dogs, plas and babies occupy the decks, the children without any crickets
The river's second function is that protection against drowning except
Roads, in China are perhaps (in the ease of boys, worth! of carrier. almost unknown, some of the railways preserving) a rope or a pig's bladder
(Continued on Next Column.) exist only in "face"-giving maps, and
In netual length the Yaugise is 1912 United States exempts either third or fourth among great
(ts
reaches upper from rivers. Canal tolls, Panana
violating
never been accurately mapped). Hay-Pauncefote Tredy of 1901.
Measured in terms of international Exemption repealed in 1914.
commerce and power of fe aul death over countless millions of people, it 1914-Germany violates Bets incomparably the greatest, th
the most gian neutrality.
stramatic, river in the
1922-France occupies Ruhr, Italy quit Triple Alliance stretching Versailles provisions.
1981-4o date-Japan violates Four-Power Tready. Nine-Power Pact, and League Covenant by invastons of China,
During most of its course the Yangise is known to the Chinese:
their
on
from
simply "Kiang"-"the River, GRIN AND BEAR IT
a
Other rivers have names. The river could only mean the Yongise.
THREEFOLD FUNCTION Half the entire population of the country lives in the 700,000 square 1936-Italy invades Ethiopia, Į miles of the Yangtse basin. In no violating League Covenant, Pact other continent is there a great area
such
abounding, astonishing of Paris, and treaty with Ethiopia, † 44
1935-Germany announces air fertility. What the Nite does for
force in existence, scrapping mili-
tary clauses of Versailles. In bard. The blade and hit were stendy succession, Rhineland is
reoccupied (1936), Bavy strong well preserved. The hilt was a thened, and Austria taken (1938) small replica of a Spanish sol-
dier dressed in a cout of mail. have dated the
Other post war treaties violat-Authorities
ed or abrogated include St. Ger- weapon from the Spanish inva- main (Austria); Trianon (Hun- sion during the sixteenth een-
ary); Neuilly (Bulgaria); and tury.
Locarno,
The treaty of Lausanne was peaceably revised in 1936 to per- mit Turkey to remilitarise the Straits.
Sword-Point
Mr. Smith's discovery has in- terest because of Its antiquity. But aside from that it turned our thoughts to the transitory nature of conquests in general. Florida and Ponce de Leon and a new land for His Most Chris- tian Majesty, Charles I. Turn
IN THE midst of warlike times to history and read of the bat- we read with interest of Mr. | ties that swords, such as the one Wilber Smith's discovery. Mr. discovered by Mr. Smith, helped Smith lives in Florida. While to wage. It may be a sobering backing his car out his drive the experience. Even causes won other day, he ran over an are lost sometimes lo time. obstruction sticking a little Spain's New World empire-a above the ground. On exam- few lines now in a history book inution it turned out to be an old and a rusty sword in Mr. Smith's Spanish sword in a rusty secab- driveway in Florida, U.S.A.
4-26
Vickit
SALES COR
By Lichty
"One more past due account, Sneed, and we'll turn this place into a collection opencul'
But the tactical plans for the risluk.
Lenin, on the 3rd, had fixed the date: November 7—the day on which the All-Russian Congress of
Every lab Soviets was meeting. was ready.
But the only news from Russla In The Times" that day was thai ex-Minister Protopopoff had been declared insane and that the export of works of art hnd beru prohibited!
Next dny the 8th-came re- purts of an Initial attempt of the Maximalists to seize
power" and of Kerensky's declaration that all acts of this kind will be auppressed Immediately.""
That same night it happened. At 30 o'clock the Red Guard oc cupled the rallway stations. At 3.30 the cruiser Aurora landed saflors and guns. By morning the Bank. The telephone exchanges- alf the strategie points-had been occupied without resistance, The Government, in permanent ses- sion, in the Winter Palace, sat There Isolated.
At ten in the murning Kerensky slipped away, dispulsed, to try to and loyal" troopa somewhere outside. The Bolshevika walted, hoping that the Government would surrender.
Not until evening did the attack on the Palace begin. A few rounds from the Aurora, a few rounds from St. Peter and St. Paul and it was all over.
The proclamations were posted, "The Provisional Government is deposed. The State Power has passed into the hands of the Mill- tary Revolutionary Committee."
The Soviet Republic was in being. But next day's "Times" headlines were "Maximall Sealtion in Petrograd: Firm Government Stand"
The next: Anarchy in Petro- grad: Power zetted by Lenin.“
But still it all seemed of no im- portance. A short editorial ex- pressed conviction that "the real Russia"
would never acquiesce..
But the main editorial was de- voled to the vastly more signifi- cant fact that Colonel House had arrived in London!
Days passed. Liquidation of the revolt was "a matter of days." Lenin was "losing control." HIS reign was drawing to a close."
The Extremists have not enough brains to run the country." BUL through it all the note of almost complete indifference.
Only when the Bolsheviks pro- posed negotiation for peace did it seem to matter at all. Thon, in- deed, "The Times" troubled for the first time to be indignant, and began to call Lenin "aling Aider- blum." "Lenin and severu of his confederates are adventurers of German-Jewish blood and in Ger- man pay, whose sole object in to exploit the ignorant masses in the interest of their own employers in Berlin."
How stupid, how blind, haw un- comprehending it all seems, when you read it twenty years later. But how easy it is to be wire after- wards.
How could they have understood that those days of "anarchy in Petrograd" were to be, in their consequences, so much more in- portant than the storming of Pas- schendaele, the capture of Ouza. or even the arrival of Colonel House?
Nobody could foresee what lay ahead: the first swift triumph of the Bolsheviks: the long years of intervention and civil war: the final victory.
Nobody could foresee the in- pact of Bolshevism on Went and East, the spread of Communist Idens, the growth of Communist parties, the reaction, the coming of Fascism,
No one in 1917 could have fore- 10ld 1038. Who in 1936 deres guesa nt 1057?
Louts XVI. in his diary for July 14, 1780, did not trouble to note the taking of the Bastille. In London, in November, 1017, the landing of Colonel House seomed of more consequence than "Bedition in Petrograd."
But November 7 has become one of the great anniversaries of the world. And very soon nobody but fistorians will remember who Dol, House was or why he landed.
tied to the waist. If they do fall into the river the bladder may keep them afloat till somebody enn fish them out again.
A curlous, disconcerting spectacle. seful as a reminder that in a lan here everything is cheap, nothing is quite so cheap as human life.
Hankow, with its junks packed alde by side for five miles arount (Continued on Page 5.)
D