THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1938.
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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1038.
DIEU DEFEND LE
DROIT !
BRITAIN Is
BUILDING Up a
GRAND FLEET
By Hector C. Bywater
Collectively these ships form nj an event of historic IT was
Significance when, on May 5, powerful and well-balanced fleet, the II.M.S. Afridi was commissioned lust unit of which should be in com~ mission by 1942. Five of the battle- at Portsmouth. In ordinary ships belong to the King George V. circumstances the commission class, 35,000 tons, protected by mas ing of a new destroyer would not sive armour, engined for a speed of excite much comment. In this about 30 knots, and armed
numerous 14in guns, hard-hitting, long-range weapons with a high rate of fire. Their anti-aircraft batteries
case the simple ceremony was a portent.
crisis
420
AIR ARM'S REVIVAL
with
ISIDE GLANCES... By George Clark
by
NATIONAL BIAU CONTIST
PINALS TONITE
"Peanuts, popcorn, phone numbers!"
INSULIN AND ITS STRUCTURE
By A Scientific Correspondent
Toars in My Heart. F.T...Tommy Dorsey & His Orch. seeking; in a quarrel that, up to inental navies had specialised. For to be covered it is clear that the of the intestine Into the blood stream? importolecule of insulin, with mass
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our power now
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The
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The meaning of that portent is are the most formidable ever-ingtail- fully recognised in naval and diplo- ed la British men-of-war. matic clreles at home and abroad. For the Afridi, of 1,850 tons, is the
The two battleships of the 1930 Brs unit to be completed of a naval
programme are to be larger, though construction programme which em- they will not exceed 40,000 tons. braces nearly 400,000 tons of new They are to mount 10in guns. It lu fighting ships, a figure that exceeds understood that further battleships half the aggregate tonnage of the will be provided for in next year's British Navy of 1935. She is, in fact, Estimates.
Four of the aircraft-carriers now the forerunner of the future Grand Fleet which is being built to guard building are ships of 23.000 tous: the the 80,000 miles of seaways that con- fifth may be somewhat larger. Their proximately 31 afitute the arteries of the British designed speed is approxima Commonwealth.
knots, and they are reported to have Fourteen years of unilateral dis- accommodation for 70 aircraft. To- *armament had left those arteries gether with the 22,000-ton Ark Royel,
is to be
be commissioned next! dangerously exposed, as we discover which is
month,
"They will
take to sea some ed when the Mediterranean arose in the autumn of 1939.
aeroplanes, a total that will be considerably increased if, us is unti- A DANGEROUS POLICY
cipated, Ave of the older carriers are
When food is caten it is molsiened purely scientific knowledge of insulin To consolidate our position in that retained on the active list. Further- sen we had, almost literally, to "re- more at least 100 aircraft will even the mouth by digestive juices and, is more surprising. It was found slomuch. Other disesuve Juices ore ng egg albumin. Like egg albumit. call the legions" by detaching ships ttually be borne in battleships and chewed and then swallowed into the that it is a protein of the same class there udded to the mixture, which is it consists of molecules of a definite from every foreign stallon to rein- cruisera fitted with catapults.
The melecules of this class force the Mediterranean Fleet. Dur- When it is mentioned that at the then churned around by the stomach's size and more or less globular in
The food 12 shope. The ing those critical nine months it beginning of this year the Fleet Air muscular contractions. would have been difficult, If not im- Arm had a total strength of only 230 considerably dissolved in about an all have weights about 30,000 times squirted into that of a hydrogen atom. This has possible, to provide adequate protec- nircraft, the magnitude of the Ad-bour, and the mixture tion for shipping on any routes but miralty's effort to develop naval the small intestine. It is assaulted been proved especially by Svedberg. by two more streams of digestive of Uppsalo, and is one of the most discoveries in recen! those in home waters, the Mediter- aviation will be appreciated.
These come through small remarkable ranean and the African roundabout, Both before and during the Mediter-Juice.
It was while the crisis was still vanean crisis the dearth of cruisers pipes into the beginning of the in- selence.
The uniformity of the shape and icule that the Afridi and six sister gave rise to anxiety. These ships testine from two glands in which
to many functions that the they are manufactured by the body mass of molecules of proteins, such It is just a quarter of a cen-vessels were ordered under a sup- fuifl
have very different biological func- plementary vote to the Navy Esil- demand for them must always outrun One gland is the liver and the other is us insulin and egg albumin, which tury since Great Britain was mates of 1935. Their unusual size the supply. Upon them devolves named the pancreas.
seems to depend on some The object of all this digestion with lions, and heavy armament were a taclt ad- the direct responsibility of guarding forced into war with Germany mission that our carlier post-war the trade routes-under the pro-juices and chewing and churning is fundamental feature of the structure cf the greatest seientlic in a quarrel that was not our destroyers were outclassed by the big tecting wing of the battle fleet and to reduce food to a solution which is of living matter. Its clucidation is
flotilla leaders in which certain Con- In view of the enormous area of sea capable of passing through the walls therefore
We had been present authorised establishment of and then being incorporated into the
atoms, These thousand the very moment the British the sake of economy
Several Ambassador in Berlin was hand-building ships which, good in them- 60 modern and 10 over-age crufsers building process of the body. If the about 30,000, is known to be built of selves, were inferior in-tonnage and is inadequate. That this total will be supply of any of the digestive julees
to potential pontich sidered inevitable, Kun-power
increased in the near future is con- fails the digestive process will be up- must be arranged in some mure or globular shape. This shape the Juice, ur less set. For instance. ed his passports, we did every-ja false and dangerous polley
bile, from the liver is stopped from might entirely defy anulysis if the thing in
avert.ignored the tragic lesson of Coronel VALUE OF SUBMARINES
flowing into the intestine by an ab- utoms were arranged singly in an and other bitter experiences, such as
Destroyers, 100, Pegnous-Koenigsberg
the Navy's struction the patient will not be able irregular way, but fortunately there entered the the one-sided We have
Jaundice.
is chemical evidence that in all pro- "maids of all work," are in constant to digest fat and will have
the duel.
atoms cluster in teins Much has been learned of the na- fleet duty
as battle for
The overall shape of twenty-fifth year after the out-
Mediter- demand In consequence of the
the digestive types groups. and the steady de- screen, convoy, and anti-submarine ture and origins of break of the Great War. Many rancan crisis
in 1889
that arrangement of these groups. This simplifies the problem. 11 a young father and mother ofterioration of the general political work. Even when the construction juices by experiment, Mering and the molecule must depend on the the pancreas greatly Dr. Dorothy Wrinch, a situation, the long-delayed restora- programme is completed we shall Minkovski discovered (Film: "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm")
not even born on tion of the Navy was tackled in have only 108 modern destroyers, animals from which
plus about 60 old boats dating from gland is removed develop diabetes occurred in at Oxford, lò consider Bunny Berigan & His Orch. to-day was
Το a still earnest in the spring of 1938.
of that is, they cannot assimilate August 4, 1914.
Still hampered by treaty restric- the war period. The omission greater number the memory of tions which, inter alia, forbade the destroyers from the 1938 building and starchy foods. Minkovski then how groups of these types might he creas gland was grafted aning to geometrical principles. She
into
that these groups ar the war is but a childish recol- building of battleships before 1937 plan has evoked criticism, but there showed in 1900 that if a fresh pan-arranged in globular forms, necord- these vessels will be ordered next
of forming an hexagonal lection. The parents can pass and kept our cruiser tonnage within is reason to believe that a number ofni without one the diabetes dis-1 suggested
arbitrary. limits the Admiralty laid
appeared. It was evident that some capable on to their children first-its plans for the rebuilding of the year,
agent from the pancreas was essen-sheet like-e-pleca of ordinary wire- Ол Fleet. An unobtrusive census of all hand knowledge of what horror naval shipbuilding and armament re- naval opinion is divided, one school searched for it strenuously, but with-
the question of submarines tial for digesting sugar, Physiologista netting, and that this sheet can be
into a folded many-sided solid figure which is roughly globular. The war really is.
sources was taken. The result was doubting their value to the British out success until 1922, when Banting
Navy, and the other maintaning that and Best obtained it in a relatively number and size of such solid figures strictly Responsibility for the last surprising.
they are indispensable both for re-pure form and named it insulin. ay may be constructed
defined by the laws of geometry, and Great War has been a subject
connaissance and attack.
It turned out that by geometry alone which has produced hundreds of
Both schools agree, however, in de-
Since then the methods of prepar- the molecular weight classes found economic depression boldly offered to precating the tendency, observable in
have been much im-by Svedberg can be predicted. Dr. arguments. Even history-for accept contracts which would entail recent speeches by public men, to dis- ing insulin
niss the submarine as an out-moded proved. It is now compounded with Wrinch considered which of the set the Inat war is history to the threefold increase in production, weapon no longer to be regarded as protamine, a protein obtained from of sizes obtained from her analysis and when the offers were necepted a serious menace. Naval oflcers are form it acts in the body less quickly cluded that it would be one which
the sperm of various ashes. In this would have about the right mass
the insulin molecule, and the con- the subsequent according to
Heavy
ord- under to promise,
no such illusion. Submarines not settle the controversy, ex-nance and armour-plate plants which are just as dangerous to merchant so that one jarge injection will do consisted of 288 of the constituent
the work of repeated small ones. wo vessels to-day they were in 1914-e practically idle since the had lain
This war 10, and, despite all the progress in saves, the patient from the disgroups of atoms. two were reconditioned and
an ex
Professor Bergmann, of New York, excessive number of into ser detection and counter-attack methods comfort of
same time that the molecule of egg blem to be solved was the ahoriage of skilled Inbour. This sill persists, feel comfortable if he knew that
manding officer of a warship would overdoses and relapses.
The Improvement in the method of albumin, which is of the same class.
consisted 288 connected groups. though it is being overcome as the
opplying insulin is not unexpected, large, number of apprentices entered
enemy
as great efforts have been made to vicinity.
Structure of Crystals discover a thing of such obvious
But chemists so far have not found In addition to the impressive pro- practical value. The advance in the "If war is forced upon Europe
much chemical evidence that the The Navy Estimates for 1936 pro- gramine of new construction tabulat-
constituent groups are arranged in this week-and, unhappily, vided for two battleships, two nit- ed above, the dockyards are working
an hexagonal pattern. The groups there is every reason to fear craft carriers, seven cruisers, 17 des- at full pressure on the midernization Plans have been laid for reorganising when they become neessible to. that it may be there can be no auxillary vessels. This was by for cruiser
troyers, seven submarines and many of older vessels. Battleships, battle the fleets and squadrons at home and chemists seem then to bo like zigzag cruisers, and destroyers abroad when the construction pro-hairpins rather than rings in netting. equivocation, no doubt whatever, the largest programme to be Intri- have been, or are to be, thoroughly gramme matures. The Fleet Air This does not prove, however,
dured since the war, yet it proved to reconstructed, and although re Arm, so long the Cinderella of the they regarding the guilt. It will be be well within the capacity of the juvenated warship can never be the Services, is to be developed on a scale assembled in the complete insulin are not arranged in a net when vain for German sophistry to shipbuilding and armament indus- equal of a new unit, reconstruction undreamt of until recent times, molecule. attempt to draw
tries. The following table shows the auds years to its useful life. distinction 11
building programmes for 1936-38, In-
The methods of determining the between frustration in Czecho-clusive:
REFILLING THE RANKS
shape of molecules are no longer The whole problem of commerce restricted to chemistry. The chemist So far the material aspect of naval protection on the high seas and. In finds the shape by taking the mole- Slovakia or any other cause to
Battleships
rearmament has been considered, but narrow watere has been reviewed in cule to pieces bit by which she might attribute the Alteraft carriers
bit by analysis- it is hardly necessary to say that the the light of modern conditions, with But if the substance will blame. There will be no need Cruisers
crystallise backbone of the Royal Navy is in is the result that plans for safeguard-the Destroyers
rd- the shape of its molecule may be for Britain or France to demon
man-power. During the years of ing the nation's food carriers have found by shining an X-ray inside it. forced economy the Ficet was grley been prepared to the last detall. It Very fortunately and surprisingly in- strate that they exerted any but
ously under-manned, and serious is not pretended that these arrange-sulin has been crystallized. The hardship was inflicted on the person ments are infallible, but they are crystals have hexagonal features the most genuine and painstak
thehind the immediate issues
net by the disproportionable amount sufficiently elastic to provide for the that is, they are built in six-sided ing influences against
of of foreign service which had to be most unexpected contingencies. nets of atoms. The crystallisation a cataclysm that threatens the peace or war is whether the performed. Moreover, as practically
all ships were short-handed, officers owners the Admiralty is preparing zinc. It seems that the zinc atome With the co-operation of ship-naslated by the presence of atom of Nazis' ultimate object is to get and men were over-worked. peace of Europe.
In view of the Czecho-Slovan stranglehold on Czecho-Slova-
to equip' the greater part of our act as mortar to hold the moleculca To-day, in spite of the targe in- occan-going merchant fleet with the of insulin together in regular order. kian concessions-which
that each molecule requires. tantamount to complete capitu-rich prizes of the Danubian and the present year-the Fleet is still mine paraches.
kin as a prolude to grasping the crease in personnel-from 80,803 offi- means of self-defence, such as guns and
cera and men in 1933 to 119,000 in for low and bigh-angle are and anti-three atoms of zinc for this purpose.
Defence courses for The structure of crystals of Insulin lation by Prague to the original
Balkan granaries.
under-manned, since the total in-
in- Merchant Navy officers were institut- has been investigated by X-ray German demands-and the Bri-
cludes nearly 12,000 boys who are ed last year, and over 5,000 such off-methods. The pictures obtained are very complicated, and at first it did tish and French guarantees that The last war cost nine million not yet fully trained. To cope with cers have already graduated.
human lives. The next
not seem possible to deduce from the great influx of new entries all the
There is an acknowledged shortage them the structure proposed by Dr.. these concessions would be car-i
existing training establishments
cargo-carrying chips-about 2,000 Wrinch. ried out, there can be only one will be more horrifying and have had to be enlarged and two new fewer than we had in 1914---but, xx" | her mastery of geometry, analysect She has, however, through It might reason for war. In Mein Kampf more brutal, because innocent ones established H.MS. Caledonia, cept for this consideration,
formerly the liner Majestic, at he claimed with condence that Bri- the pletures herself, and according Hitler said: "There is no room women and childron will be the Rosyth, and HMS, WildAro at Sheer- tala in in a far belter position to-day i confirm in detail her proposed striesk
to meet a challenge to her sen coh in Europe for Germany and an- victims of modern war weapons, ness.
munications than she was at the out- Except in certain artificer branches, break of the Great
There is still War other Power. Either Germany as they are in China and Spain.
there has been no dimoully in filling Let any man who releases this up the depleted ranks of the Navy.
Much of the credit for all that hat concerning her conclusions, but the
the
experts, of
Interpretation must be Europe or nothing."
of pre-has, the Is the threat of war against mad dog of war upon civilisation Boys and young men of the best type been achieved in the way
powerful support of the Czecho-Slovakia a step in the boware. Upon his soul will rest have responded in their thousand to paredness on the lines I have in famosas American chemire Dr. Irving::
the age-old call of the eager to dieated belongs to the retiring First mad the damning guilt of a massacre serve under the White Enslim, Sha Lord, Adm. of the Fleet Lord Langmuir, who has just pichliated ins
collaboration with her a fulfilment of Hitler's ma
Limitations of space preclude more Chatfeld, who will always be Trivendration in the dream? In the words of the of Innocent lives such as the Londen Times the question world has never before then, a bare summary of the other hogoured by the Navy, both are becount for the Investm
measures taken in the last three root so captain and as a naval adel B years to restore British sos-power ministrator of the art ordere mark which looms, so
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JUMP IN PRODUCTION Firms which lind been working at the years of
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for peace in those fateful July days were Great Britain
and
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J
Shape of the Moleculo
are
for
nations' who genuinely struggled ice again. The and putous pro- made since the Great War, no com- injections and also from dangers of found chemical evidence at about the
France.
in the past three years advance in training.
Submarines
nessed
1936 1937 1938 Toini.
2
7
2
5
21
17 10
7
33
3
17
war
submarines
in were
Д
his
of
CARGO-SHIIFS' DEFENCE
that
to her calculations and that they
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