THE HONGKONG.
TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, AUGUST 8,
1938.
WHAT DOTH IT PROFIT?
By An Old Stagor
BROCHURE has just been issued in support of the overwhelming cuse for national parks in Great Bri- tain. This foreword consists of an extract from an address to the an- nunt conference of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England by Professor G. M. Trevelyan,
He observes that the Clovernment health is at present engaged on campaign, and undertakes to assist is Onding playing Belda for the dwellers in our vast cities. It is no Trevelyan less essential, Professor points out, to preserve for the notion walking grounds and regions where young and old can enjoy the sight of unspolled Nature. "And it is not," he contends, "a question of physical is also a question exercise only. It
and enjoyment.
spiritual exercise
by cur
th
I s question of spiritual values. Without vision the people perish, and without the sight of the beauty of l the power Nature the spiritual British people will be atrophlet
we are daily permitting, and laws encouraging." be pro- reeds. "The destruction of the regiona our city dwellers desire so much, and which the next generation will in With even greater numbers dendre shorter hogs of work, holidays with For Jett theresit: Y fathed miliona the question of the proper use of Reisure has been a muttoival problets: sprend to have in
4
รูป เป
Antti takes the provision of
nathan!
parks fcreasingly rgeetly necessary
Trevelyan contenis mat Professor natural beauty status by the side of religion ience, poetry, and art, not "na rival, but as the common let spirer and nourisher of them all, and "It with a secret of its own besidde
5. he declares in a happy phrase, "Ühe highest contron denommates on The spiritual ille of to-day "
Mean and Vulgor Siphits
Surely there will be nobody, what- ever his or her outlook on life, who will even question the abiding truth of this assertion? But can anybody also question the lolute of what Professor Trevelyan
proceeds to stat
veracity then
"Yet now that
is mort consciously valued, it is be
the
ing most rapidly destroyed upon than planel, and, above all. In this stund it needed no conserva- In old days tius; man wres camped in the midst of it, could not get away from it. still less destroy it. Indeed, until the end of the eighteenth century
unly added is the works of man
Bat selence and beauty of Nature machinery have now armed lem with weapons that will be his own making of undoing, as he chosen fo use them.
"A1 prezent
is destroying natural beauty apare in the ordinary Course of business and rearony. Unless he now will be at piáns to make rules for the preservation of rutural beauty, unless he consciously protects it at the partial expense of some of his other greedy activities, he will cut off his own spiritual sup- plies, and leave his descendants u helpless prey for ever to the base materialism of Mean mod vulgor sighin,"
Nobody who rouns our country- side to-day, and notes with obser- vant eyes the rapid vandalism that sheer materialisin is effecting in the most sacred shrines ot natural
beauty, will doubt that These are
words that needed urgently to be said.
our
on-
A.R.P. Open Letter to
D
EAR Mr. Lloyd-Con- gratulation on your now Job-full time Minister in charge of Air Raid
Precautions,
You have A tough job before you. England, as a whole, does not believe that A.R.P. have been properly handled in the past by your department, and therefore the iation has not responded to the many A.R.I appools which have been made to it.
Once we all feel that A.R.P. are on a sound nation-wide basis you will find all ready to brip.
First let me suggest you might 10 out and about to and what responsible focal people think about A.R.P in their own districts, Let them tell you their own problems and dieulties. And don't conne yourself to one sec- 1on or class of the community
Talk to folk who have to work mat AR 1. detalls in stums And distressed arens, as well as those in charge of Industrial undertaking » or suburban towns.
Shelters
with
Of course, fundamentally you
faced
two problema zitter you can protret people from bombs to their fames or nearby, or You can plan to evacuate them from danger spots to safer refuges.
Three years ago a special De- partment of the Home Office was set up to deal with A.RP ...a sinif of ten housed in seven rooms Only affer two and a half years was a decision reached on finance with local nuthorities, and the first Air Raid Precautions Art passed in December. 1037.
↓
Geoffrey Lloyd
haps over the пperture by which air enters under the door.
This is a process which could be completed, as far as tho vast number of houses is concerned in a minute or two."
It may be a sign of grace that, In tho recent Parliamentary debate, Government spokesmen referred Ato home protection
against splinters and blust; but it is clear that they did not envisage anything like the protective stan- dards laid down for factories and business premises.
Under present International con- ditions, new conception of shelter policy ta urgently necessary.
In every area where there is op- preciable risk of air attack you must arrange ample shelter pro- tection for all the population, whether at home or at employ- ment or elsewhere, at any time of the day or night,
As you know, this can be provided lu a number of ways.
tn strongly constructed buildings, by utilising bash- ments, cellars, or above-ground ruums or corridors, provided the roof is strengthened to stand the Ktrain ir the building above should be wrecked, and provided the walls, windows and doors are reinforced.
By special light shelters, of #teel and concrete, built above or below ground.
By narrow revolted trenches, with cross supports and ample overhead covering of earth and rubble.
Evacuation
This essential minimum protec- ou is very diferent in quantity and quality to the confused pro- posals which your department has
put forward up to the present.
Even now, the two vital ques- Hons of polley ahelfer protection and evacuation remain unsettled. Their Importance And Inter- dependence has at last been par- tally recognised and small Parliamentary Committee is X-
If properly constructed, however, amining evacuation.
Shelter policy, however, le as in- it would provide reasonable cover decisive us ever,
against anything except a direct hit by high-explosive bomb; and, as a matter of undoubted urgency, it can be provided quickly. It involves. however.
carofu? planning by yourself and the local authorities, who must assume re- sponsibility for Its provision. You niust no longer leave the house- holder to make what arrangements he can, at his own expense,
Householders are expected to Increase the natural protection of their homes, at their own expense: employers to arrange shelters for their staffs; local authorities to provide for those caught out of doors or whose homes afford in sufficient cover.
But two very different standards of protection seem to be contem- plated; a low standard for thong at home, and a much higher stan- dard for those at work or caught in the streets. The position is not at all clear.
In the Home
and gas.
ས་
Protection against direct hit by high-explosive bombs is a different
On a limited scale, it is matter. necessary for some essential scr- vices,
But un a large senic-for the populations of the highly threatened areas-it would be very
In the case of factories and busi- costly, involve a widespread de- ness premises, the official Hand- struction or worsening of ament- book lays down standards for tles, and take you a considerable indoor shelters which will give pro- time to provide. Whether in time tection against splinters. blast of peace the community would consider the advantages worth the With regard to protection at cost and inconvenience is doubt- home. however, you yourself ex- ful. In any case, much more tech- plained in the House of Commons rical investigation into types, con- as recently as November 10 last struction and cost is desirable, and that the recommendations of the you should undertake this with- A.R.P. Department are simple and out delay, cheap.
Meanwhile, if you make avail- it is a question of pasting able the essential minimum paper over the cracks in the win- shelter protection proposed above dows, of putting old sacks or news- you will have gone a long way to papers up the chimney, and per- reducing the worst effects of aerial
bombardment.
-To-day's Thought- SELF preservation is the first
law of Nature.
-BUTLER.
As one who for his sins is con- demned to work and dwell in Lon- but has never missed an oppor- tunity to get away into the country green, I can testify that the remorse- less and ruthless demolition of marching countryside is steadily ward month by month. Before the War one could get out into the coun- try in half an hour's railway run from Charing Cross. Today, unless one is content to accept semi-subur- bla as genuine country, it takes an hour. Everywhere the spirit of in- disciplined and uncontrolled commer- cialism Is making hideous the once beautiful.
commercialism actually pays, Miles of ugly, raw suburbs, of Our standard of public laste is not ribbon-built factories, and roaring high enough even to boycott it motor roads disfigure once pleasing But perhaps the greatest threat to prospects, People must have homes what remains of this green land of in which to live, and
must have ours comes from the craze for more factories and rands, but surely there and more motor reads. Thint we ought to be controlling authority to must have elfelent means of road insist that in
in these developments transport is not challenged, ut is there should be some regard to artis- who are too lazy to walk a mile or It absolutely necessary that people tic decency and aesthetic values? If such authority in fact exists, as no two on foot must be allowed to honk- doubt I may be told, then it is most
honk at 50 or 60 miles 07 hour
such
impoteatly neglecting its urgent duty.sequestered vales of the United King through the few remaining cool
Inhabited by Barbariana
the
And now we comte to the prob- lems of cvacuation from danger
However
warfare air develop. and whatever the
Zones.
CHINESE TURN ON INVADER
Stiff Fight On Namoa Island
may
the
reln
strength of the defence, many bombers will got through again and again; and whether they come twenty at a time or two hundred, they will create havoc. It would be folly to base A.R.P. on other than the most serious probability.
The choice in the danger zones ja essentially between two evils: elther the evacuation to safer dis- tricts of large sections of the popu- lation, or their exposure to pro- longed attack from the air.
I cannot understand why the Government, well knowing the tor- rible dangers, should have hest- tated to take a decision on evacua- tion policy. For years, according to Government spokesmen, “the matter has been under considera- tion and constantly in our minds."
But, in fact, as revealed in the recent, Parliamentary debate, no decisibha whatever have yet been taken about the areas to be evacu- ated, who should be evacuated. where the people should go, how they should be housed, whether compulsion should be exercised, or how evacuation should be carried vut.
The Children
These questions have only now been referred to the recently up- pointed Parliamentary Committee.
Consider, first, the children.
The Government has alated that where the risk of attack is grouL schools will be closed during the whole period for which air raids may be eye ofert
Tike short period of warning would not allow children to be sent home when a raid immedi ately threatened, and, therefore, 'they should be kept at home to share in the protective arrange ments designed for the general public.
In those
arons which are especially
exposed to danger, the Ideal solution would to bo to ovrcuate the children safer districts, preferably in the country."
This advice ignores realities. War mey continue for a lengthy period. Mothers may be out at work. Children, except the very young, cannot be kept at home all day. Particularly under the ex- citement of war conditions. the effect on discipline, behaviour, and mental development would be
devastating.
Physical danger to life and limb would be great; but, even more important, the havoc, horror and terror of air attack must, on sen- sitive and immature minds, have grave psychological results.
For these reasons, I believe that in every area so seriously threat- ened as to warrant the closing of the schools, plans for the evacua- tion of the children, including those under school age, should be prepared but not to camps, and not for children by themselves.
Family Group
In any area from which the children have to be evacuated other sections of the population must be evacuated too.
Obviously, the most practicable unit of evacuation, as well as the
GEOFFREY WILLIAM
LLOYD, Parlia- mentary Under-Secre- tary for Home Affairs since 1935), note devotes full time to A.R.P. Born thirty-six years upo. wont to Harroio and Cambridge. Was private secretary to Mr. Baldiot (1929-31), and his Par- Hamentary Private Secretary (1931-35).
The dimeuitics and con- hand fusion and risks of getting the
from the people away
danner areas may well be great, particu- larly when bombing is in progress.
It is just preposterous to imply. na the Government has done, that 3.500.000 persons might be moved 50 miles or more out of war-Lon- don by rail in 72 hours.
Similarly, in the areas to which evacuation takes place. families will have to be roughly atted in with existing households for the most part, and much will have to be done In arranging food supplica and extending the local health,
and other public scr education vices to meet the greatly increased demands upon them.
Your choice, I repeat, is a choice between fantastic evils.
We have to expect aerial war- fare on an unprecedented scale, rently beyond anything experi- enced In Spain or Abyssinia or China.
If you can arrange to move large numbers of people to less danger- ous zones, even at the cost of much and hardship and discomfort, perhaps many casualties, you will at least have saved many lives and much injury, and have avoided the demoralisation of whole communi-
Lics.
I wish you all success in your great undertaking. Let me add that if you bring a new spirit of leadership and reality to your de- partment you will not and your fellow citizens slow to do their part in this the primary and least og- gressive kind of scif-defence.
most generally desirable, is the G. GrantMcKenzie
family or household group.
Evacuation will necessarily be a rough and ready affair, no matter what plans are prepared before-
EDUCATION INQUIRY
IN MALAYA
The
(Mr. Grant McKenzie is Secretary of the Local Government Depart- ment of the Labour Partus
education of the general practitioner In Malaya.
The terms of reference state that the Commission will consider, in the ight of local reels, the conditions in Malayu
The Commission will also report upon the present work of Raffles College, and on any potential develop- London, Aug. 7. ment which may seem desirable.
of
Mr. Malcolm MacDonald, Secretary The Commission will comprise Mr. of State for the Colonies, in consulta-K. W. M. Pickthorn, as Chairman, tion with Sir Shenton Thomas, the Professor H. J. Channon, and Sir Under cover of darkness Chinese! Governor of the Straits Settlements, William H. McLean.
According to dom? Let them race at express militiamen the launched an attack has appointed a Commission to visit present arrangements, they will call
if they want to, tetween city on the Japanese positions at Lungoo, Malaya in the autumn to survey the frum speed.
about England
middle And what can be said in excuse and city, but keep them to the beaten Namon island, on Saturday night, say existing arrangements for the higher | September-Reuter, for those unsightly advertisements tracks.
Chinese press reports from Canton. Once road transport is admitted to Following repeated bayonet charges that are with Increasing prodigality and vulgarlly being plastered all over the rustic beauty spots, those shrines the Chinese succeeded in breaking our lundscape?
cease to exist or to attract. Ai pre- through the defence line and pressed Surely there are
Sumon, near other effective means of making sent, with the hearty connivance of the Japanese to known to suffering humanity
our Ministry of Transport, the last const,
Pon
are being The Chinese, however, evacuated Lovereign panaceas devised by astute quiet citadels of commerciallam than disfiguring green stormed pitilessly.
the town an hour later when meadows with
If ever there was a case of kill forged quack advertisements?
Japanese counter-attacked But this scandalous vandalism goes ing the goose that laid the golden Lungon vigorously, Both sides suf- much further even than this. A eggs, here we have it. Twenty years fered considerable.carialties, includ- friend just back from a holiday in hence, as things are now being allowing Colonel Chen H-ing, Vice-
resort nasures cd to drift, any foreigners who come Commander of the Millionen. well-known
Island me that, in the midst of the most to this country will do so to view was wounded. It is reported a large charming glen in that place, there our industrial activities. There will
uty of military quantity
supplies and our ammunition were seized from the are penny-in-the-slot mutoscopes of be nothing else to see outside our
smuseums, and even the largest of Japanese by the raiders who are now dubious spiritual uplif!! your-strength machines!
those will not house as much rural holding the hilly regions at Wunoo. These manifestations give Intelli. charm as a horse's noseLINE.
about 1,500 It is estimated that
1,500 Let us hope that Professor Trevel- Japanese and Korean troops are now gent foreign visitors the impression that our land is still inhabited by
yan may not have spoken in vain, stalloned at various points on the barbarians. An Impression which and that the National Parks move-altore around the island while more may be quite understandable, but ment will have sufficient influence to thon dozen Japanese warshipa somnolent House of are patrolling off the north coast to wako which is nevertheless distinctly Jibel on the Ancient Britons. Thesa
spending are
prevent Chinese, reinforcements on atrocities are of modern growth, dreds of millions on arms to defend the mainland from crossing the strait this country, but, unless netion in to the Island. Since the Japanese taken soon and drastically, there will second landing all fishing junks have bo no country left worth fighting for. either been seized or burnt.
And try
They mark the untrammelled evolu- Hon of twentieth-century commer
einlism. The pity is that apparently
up
Commons. We
hun-
who
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BERTHING PLANS FOR 1939 ARE OPEN
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TO CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE
vin Shanghai, Kobe & Yokohama
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Air-conditioned equipment on C.P.R. Frequent
...Noon. Thurs., Aug. 18. .7,00 a.m., Fri., Sept. 2. ......Noon, Fri., Sept. 16. .6.00 a.m., Fri, Sept. 30.
Trans-Continental Trains, Canadian Pacifle Atlantia sailings to European Ports,
TO MANILA
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.0.00 p.m., Thus, Aug., 11.
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Building
Canadian Pacific
Telophono
20752
BARBER-WILHELMSEN LINE
Monthly Service to
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via LOS ANGELES & PANAMA CANAL PORTS
also taking cargo on through Bills of Lading for Wort Indies ports, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande do Sol Buenos Aires, South America.
NEXT SAILING:—
M.V. "TAI SHAN"
20th August.
DODWELL & CO., LTD.
Agents.
Hongkong Bank Bldg.
Telephone 28021..
OUR BRITISH CROSSWORDS
10
19
192
ACROSS
16
118
1 Praise for a game fellow? (wo
words-4, 0).
6 They shoot at by around this
(4).
10 Part of a big collection makes
sense (5).
11 It is before the young und be- hind the old (two words-6, 3).
12 It should leave no grounds for.
complaint in coffee (0).
remartes suffice to guide one at this? (5). boat and get 15 He may beghten
altached to it (7).
13 Would illuminating
17 This fruit was paid to make an ashy mouthful (two words-4}, 3).
18 Often to be seen on a head at
Brooklands (7).
21 This kind of water is not pure
22 Those who this are not in Ane
feather (5).
24 Pul tint on me in eurative form
(B).
27 This needs a move if the hands
aro behind time (0).
27 This may catch many kinds of fish but the end is useful for soles (8),
20 A roundabout feature of the
river (4).
30 "Sheer blost" (anag) (10).
DOWN
1 Only part of a house, but mostly
all (4).
a Its stritcing effects may bg-
shocking (0)
3.Genuine tri India (5).
4 An official no realm could prof
duce (7).
5 Finished about a finished city
but did not finish (7).
7 Not the language of the purist
(5).
8 A letter between the happening and the helper at long last (10). If there's one thing that's clear about an insect it's a plant (8).
14 In a letty situation (four words
--2, 1, 3, 4).
16
18
Betraying request to the racon-
teur (B).
Not an additional process (9). 20 What 10 down might make a
garment (7).
21 Most of this island has yet to
come to the majority (7).
two parts
23 Pressed from
Edinburgh (5).
of
25 In the hands of strikers may
become Inflammatory (5)
20 A cross? (4).
SATURDAY'S SOLUTION
A
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SEASONED CLO TLTEARFU
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