14
THE
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH,
SATURDAY, AUGUST
6,
1938.
Dresden
SUDETEN MOUNT
Elbe
PRAGUE-
BOHEMIA
Plzen
(Pilsen)
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
showing Racial Minorities
Germans (over 80%)
""
(over 50%)
GERMANY...
JFHurrabin
Magyars (over 80%)
(over 50%)
Poles....
tom
ZER FILTER
FANBETH GORDON
PURE
WATER
ALWAYS
N 3
L
A
N
D
FO EST
TATRA
I A Kosice
Uzhoro
RUTHENTA,
CARPATHIAN
S
Munich
19Salzburg,
CZECHOSLOVAKIA might almost be bet- ter named Bohemia-Slova- kia, for it unites the old kingdom of Bohemia (Czech-Bohemian) with the ancient Slovakia and brings together again the Czechs and the Slovaks, branches of the same Slav race, which German and Magyar agg gression in the
two
Bud
Linz
MORAVIA Brno
(Brunn)
TESCHE
Bratislava
Vienna
H U N
EUROPE'S
STORM
CENTRE
past had separated. Czecho- a Member of Parliament. Slovakia is thus primarily He was joined abroad by M.
AR
Budapest
RUMANTA
From cast to west Czecho.Slovakia, extends 600 miles; from north to south it varies from 126 miles to 50 miles across.
More than one-third of pupulation is neither Czech or Slavak. Largent minority is German (23 per cent.), distributed along the frontiers of Bohemia and Moravia and on the inner slaper of the Bohmer Wald, Erz Gebirge and Sudeten Mountaina.
Sir languages-Czech, Streak, German, Magyar, Polish and Ruthenian-are officially used.
Water
Czech-Slovakia is more than 200 miles from any sro. communications lie along the German rivern Elbe and Oder and southcastawards along the Danube. Any extension of German in- fluence in Hungary would therefore threaten Czecho-Slovakia with complete isolation. The famous Skoda armament works are situ- ated at Pilsen.
YESTERDAY
demo-
elected Parlia-
AND TO-DAY
a natural and not an arti- Benes in 1915, and from London
they ficial State.
issued in November the
Manifesto against last was handed over to Czecho- February 18, 1937, which pro- conceded by the Czech Govern- Czech and Slovak have been first official living here since the seventh Austria and in favour of Czech Slovakia in default of any bet- mised a greater proportion of ment.
posts in the Administration for
Czecho-Slovakiu began as century. The
were independence. In January, 1916, ter place to go. Slovaks
A National Assembly on Germans.
pacifist State. early conquered by the Magyars the National Czech Council was (Hungariaos) and for a thou formed with M. Masaryk as February 29, 1920, passed the
An invasion from Hungary sand years remained a subject President, and one year later Constitution. It set up a race. But the Czechs founded the Allies made Czech indepen- cratic Republic with an President, and with v
Unfortunately the economie in 1920 changed all that. To- the famous kingdom of Bohe- dence one of the war time.
A Czech Government was set ment of two Houses. It gave depression of 1929 hit the in- day the State possesses a mag- whose free spirit
districts of Czecho-
equipped standing nificently exemplified in Jan Hus, fol- up in Paris and on October 18, freedom of speech and of the dustrial
the
army of 170,000 men, but could independence of Press. It recognised the rights of Slovakin where the Germans Unemploy- lower of our English Wycliffe, 1918,
was officially minorities. It admitted no pri- were concentrated. and in the foundation of the Czecho-Slovakia
birth ment rose from 29,000 to 92,000; in an emergency increase this first university in Germanic declared. The Austrian collapse vileges based
that month made this a or calling. And it declared the and proportionately twice as figure to 2,000,000. An alliance lands the University of Prague in (1348).
reality, and the Slovaka joined territory of the Republic one many Germans were out of work with France and Russia brings in the Republic that was set up and indivisible. Voting is by as Czechs.
if she is the victim of aggres- economic conditions, governed sion.
mnia,
܀
*
Was
on
sex,
By Richard Pennington
** Twice Czechs fought, against German pressure, to maintain their religious and political freedom. The second time (Battle of the White Mountain, 1620) they lost, and passed un- der Austrian domination until at the world war.
Hon. Sec. of the Czecho-Slovak Association
Continued Austrian and Mag- The new Republic was de-
Inevitable discontent with
these two countries to her aid
by world conditions, led to
The Franco-Czech Treaty political discontent; and this was encouraged by the Nazis negotiated in October, 1923, when in 1933 they came was signed on January 24, 1924.
power.
to
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Music hath
hath charms
6212.
Sunday Classical Concert, at Repulse Bay Hotel Under leadership of
Geo, Pio-Ulski
Programmo for Sunday, 7, August, 1938. 1 p.m. - 2.30 p.m.
PROGRAMME
Ouverture
1. Undine.
2.
Invano. Serenade
3. Vaise-Fantasio
5. Moonlight Madonna
and
6, Magyar Puszta
The Henlein (Nazi) group It was declared to be in no way A German rising all citizens over 21, under Pro- Prague.
within the Sudeten Germans anti-German. The Czechs forth- was unsuccessful.
portional Representation.
Considering the complete re repudiated the 1937 minorities with concluded friendly agree- old position of agreement; and the Anschluss ments with Germany on inter- yar attempts to obliterate Czech limited by the Treaties of Ver- versal of the and Slovak nationality failed, sailles, St. Germain and Trianon, subordinate Czech and domi- of this year has led to a panic national rivers and on the port
the Activist of Hamburg. and the nineteenth century wit and as regards the disputed nant German, the conduct of desertion from
has been on the Germans to the Henlein party, nessed a revival of national feel- Teschen (Polish) area, by the public affairs
Dr. Benes has always advo- ing among the Austro-Hungari. Conference of Ambassadors in whole tolerant and wise. Full which stands for uncompromis.
to the ing opposition to the republic. cated friendship with Germany, an minorities. So, in the world July, 1920. The Treaty of St. immediate privileges
A new Minorities Statute is insisting only on the preserva- were minorities could not have been
the war and the probable collapse Germain, to which we
freedom under negotiation. But tion of And there certainly now of Austria-Hungary, Czech and signatory, specifically guaranteed expected. Slovak saw their hope of free- the rights of the minorities. The was a long reluctance to grant three of the demands put for integrity of the State.
to Ger- ward by the German minority new State was formed from the responsible position
The Locarno Treaty of 1935 -to control the State's foreign
the Franco-Czech Abroad and at home, Czechs Austrian territories of Bohemia mans.
This Was began working for the national and Moravia, from the Slovak
recognised and policy, to practise full Nazi approved cause, headed by M. Masaryk, portion of Hungary, and from remedied in the agreement "ideology," and to have full Treaty of 1924 and contained be an Arbitration Treaty between leader of the Realist Party and Sub-Carpathian Ruthenin, which signed with the Government on self-government-will
Germany and Czecho-Slovakia which is still in existence, as it was officially confirmed by Ger- many in 1936. This covers all political and legal disputes, ex- Minorities, which come under the League.
dom.
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20th August.
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In May, 1935, the Franco- Soviet and the Czecho-Soviet Pacts based upon Locarno and the League were signed, after Germany hnd objected to the conclusion · of an Eastern Pact which would have prevented
4. 2nd Hungarian Rhapsody
Lorizing. .Amadej.
Glinka.
.Liezt.
Fibich.
.De Maurizi,
7. Spanish Dance. No. 1 .....Maszkowski.
For Reservations
phone 27775.
REPULSE
BAY
HOTEL
aggression in Eastern Europe. THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI HOTELS, LTD.
Thero Pacts come into fores only is the event of aggression; and Soviet assistance is con- ditional upon French mobilian- ition.
Czecho-Slovakia forms with Yugo-Slavin and Rumania the Little Entente. A Permanent Council and an Economic Coun- Jeil meet regularly.
.
In 1985 President Masaryk retired, received the title of "Liborator," and was succeeded by M. Eduard Benca. Masaryk The died 'in September, 1987. present Prime Minister is Milan Hodza, a Slovak.
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