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THE
FIGHT in 80's
By T. Paul Gregory
THE DECADE OF THE 'EIGHTIES SAW HONGKONG UNDER THE RULE OF TWO GOVERNORS—SIR George FERGUSON BOWEN AND SIR GEORGE WILLIAM DES VOEUX. WHILST NEITHER CAN BE CALLED REALLY GREAT, IT CANNOT BE DENIED THAT BOTH WERE EXTREMELY CAPABLE AND CON- SCIENTIOUS ADMINISTRATORS AND LEFT THEIR MARK UPON THE FUTURE OF THE COLONY.
Whilst the career of Sir George Bowen in the Colony is of historical interest it is especially noteworthy for the social agitation which gathered force in a struggle against that form of organised vice which the western world more commonly veils under the generic appellation of "white slavery.”
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 4, 1938.
DEFENCE OF DEMOCRACY
Sir George Ferguson Bowen recorded that it was due largely to was born in England on Novem- his efforts that the native Maoris ber 2, 1821. He was the eldest were ultimately reconciled to the
novelty of British rulo. the Reverend Edward In 1972, Sir George was trans- Bowen, who subsequently held ferred to the post of Governor of the living of Taughboyne, Victoria, where likewise his honest County Donegal, Ireland. On and efficient administration won for hlm further nomination as Gover- account of his parents's posi- nor of Mauritius. tion, Sir George was afforded
11 was not until 1882 that Sir George the advantage of the best educa. became connected with the history tion of his day, attending school of this Colony, when he was appoint- ed Governor and Commander-in- at Charterhouse and Inter Chief of longkong in succession to finishing at Trinity College, Ox- Sir John Pope Hennessy, who had been transferred to the guberna- ford.
tlus.
Like many sons of the clergy, Sirtorial duties of the Colony of Mauri- George decided upon teaching as a Str George Dowen arrived in career, and his keen interest In classical Greek, at the age of twenty- Hongkong on March 24, 1863, and at six, secured the post of President of once assumed the routine responsi-
bilitles of his high office. the University of Corfu, In the Even whilst in England, previous Ionian Islands. In addition, he ser- to his embarking for the Colony, ved for
time as private secretary efforts were being made to influence
B fact there, B to the
to be an introduction in the sphere of Her Majesty's diploma- his predecessor, Sir John Pope Hen- nessy, Governor Bowen was known tic service; in which he so distin-
that itish Govertur
GRIN AND BEAR IT *By Lichty
HAT
DIT
"It's changed the entire course of my life--I'm gonna be a gentleman crook, not just a common thief"
BOMBERS are the
Supreme Weapon
Says
his future administration here. Like CAPT. NORMAN
Besides good and bad states-guished himself that Queen Victoris to be a man of intense liberal spirit
however,
him at
the 1808.
111
Perhaps it was on this account that the Colonial Office sow fit to en- dorse his judgment by naming him
and what la more something of a reformer; for he was at on
was at once singled out by the Church clement in the British Isles as the very one to tend
1005.
viously prevailing."
the
of were #t
the
MACMILLAN,
M.C., A.F.C.,
IN two widely different areas
In the past few days atten- tion has again been focused on the bomber.
at
To-day
tion of the age of mechanization and speed.
Last Monday, when I flew above the fog-wreathed waters of the Bay of Biscay in a Royal Air Force flying- boat, the Fleet was found with ease 300 miles away from the English coast.
Grey shapes on the grey sea, steaming at 15 knots below the grey mist, they were not hidden from the prying eyes that searched from the winged hulls sweeping six times faster through the air.
And so they were shadowed and watched until they came within the exercise zone of attack. Then bomb- ers wheeled out from the land to harry the ships.
advancing
In real wor such an
fleet would have been bombed for out on the ocean.
THE guns of five battleships,
seven cruisers, three de stroyer flotillas, and one aircraft- carrier could not engage the bases whence the air attacks came.
The shore-based aircraft showered one. attack after another upon the Fleet.
The old menace of fleets, secrocy of manoeuvre, has been destroyed by the aeroplane,
history tells of the manoeuvres of rival admirals to secure favourable conditions to be- gin attack. To-day this preliminary to a nuval battle is no more one of seamanship alene.
The modern bomber has cramped the manoeuvring power of nayul ships. No longer can a fleet, steam with impunity to its gun range. In a first-class war, what admiral is go- ing to sail his feet into the sea arou heavily covered by enemy bombers? What can he achieve by doing it?
In Spain, Franco's use of the bomb- CT is vastly different. There the bomber is acting as u battering-rom.
Formerly
men, there are several other honoured him by creating in the year 1850 K.C.M.G. in kinds. But mainly, in a democ
Three years after the conferring of racy, they can be divided into this distinction, he was appointed by
crusade upon organised vice, two categories: those who rule the Secretary of State for the Colonies
an the first governor of Queensland. Which, it was asserted, was flourish- ing under the very aegis of the by force and fear, and those Here he gained distinction on account Colony's ordinances,
The bit of colonial legislation who rule by tact; but both of his efforts to secure the complete
exploration of the territories
under
which was particularly obnoxious rule only HO long ay they his control, and also for establishing
the target of the have the confidence and trust the nucleus of a volunteer force on and therefore
wrath of the righteous
social re Queensland soll. History records formers of the period was that de-
On the Aragon front, Franco, of the electors. And right
ever, that he at length incurred
in his thrust into Catalonia, has signated 18 Ordinance No. 10 of here let it be made clear the enmity of
14 considerable portion
employed the bomber as a me- of the population by reason of his that it is not proposed to argue unwavering opposition to the floating
The purpose of this enactment was dium range heavy gun.
In the waters of the English the relative value of democracy of an issue of bankt-notes which the "to check the spread of contagious diseoses by providing for a closer as against some other system. lactancial crisis of 1968 system of inspection than that pre-channel the Home Fleet has, as a manoeuvres exercise, run the Democracy has its faults and its
Actually, however, the powers of peacetime gauntlet of R.A.F. the abuses weaknesses, and
shore the ordinance were wide: for it pro- bombers stationed which
vided for the regulation of prostitu- the "party system" s the Governor of New Zealand in Vi
tion in Hongkong, and especially aerodromes from Exeter to Chi-Old Menace Gone the following year. His career in 201 makes inevitable are among the
ordered the registration all chester.
of this new post was in reality n saga c
Both events are of great import- chief
administration, and it is brothels and the regular medical in- causes for its criticism, of wise
spection of the inmates. Incidentally, ance to the student of modern war. studied with the But those who subscribe to the
it may be mentioned that this legi Both will be lation was enacted under sugges- greatest care by professlanal sailors, democratic scheme of things,
out, and if I pretended, as Itions from the Secretary of State, soldiers, and airmen as pointers to who have fought for it, indeed, have done in the course of my who, realising the high incidence of the future conduct of campaigns by and who can recall the struggles carcer, that I was more simple bodies of troops stationed in an aren
venereal disease prevalent amongst land and sca.
Since the invention of firearms the of their fathers, and their than I really am, then again you where no sanitary regulations were whole basis of war has been to bring
Naval Earl Bald-in forec, decided to "take the bull by to bear upon an enemy such a weight fathers' fathers towards the would know..."
win speaking. He knew the the horns" and institute prophlyinetic of missiles as will bring about his goal which promised such
destruction and defeat. value of the appeal of simplicity, measures,
One by one have come the stages This recant in part that the un- golden bounty, generally realise Simple Stanley allowed his fortunate victims of the traffe would of progression in the scientide up- fully that though it is still far audience to get a glimpse of his have to be Inscribed by the Police, plication of the underlying principle: from the ideal as it is con- technique here. None should and that periodical inspection would musket, cannon, rille, gun, machine- gun; ball, bullet, shell, torpedo, As a be enforced. stituted at present, it is right condemn this little guile.
Such regulations which were in- statesman he know the must tended to protect the health
borab.
How the weight of projectiles is to and good, because it seems to
have the trust and confidence of thousands of single men
be supplied to the front line and there be the way of freedom.
his people not alone that he once pounced upon by
well expended to the best advantage is of the function of the Com- The greatest blessing of de- might survive some political meaning, who felt that they were part
nothing more than a bald attempt mander and his staff. is the op- upheaval, but because leader upon the part of the authorities to mocracy, it seems,
To-day infantrymen, artillerymen, and the Army generally are me- portunity it gives to the genius ship, to be really effective, must favour what has been described as chanised. The Navy has been me- chantsed for some 50 years, and to- of a people to rise to power and, be based on these two things, the world's oldest profession,
In Incidentally, he led the nation
end the reformers were day is more highly mechanised than from places of eminence, to in the days of the abdication successful and the Ordinance was ever. the nation. The achievements crisis which might easily have repeated with the unforeseen result that "sly brothels sprung up ilke of the British race and they been mishandled by that other
'not small-are due in no type of man. small measure to the fact that
In these days, however, eapable leaders have never been Britain goes from crisis to
During Sir George's term of office, wanting. Prime Ministers and crisis. When Ear! Baldwin amongst the numerous amending office, erities are bound to arise. Sir
there were many Foreign Secretaries, and all the went
who Ordinances
passed,
there was George Bewen was no exception, but deemed especially those who carped at him were mostly other high officers of the realm, doubted the wisdom of the one which was
the lesser try, although some of the They important, as it provided for the es- can come and go; and their choice of his successor.
Tablishment of the first tramway in local papers were not adverse to oc- may bring some new may still doubt. Mr. Chamber the Colony--that of the Peak funi- casional cynleisin, sneering at coming
lain has done things which aj cular line: This cnactment con- Governor's mannerisans much in the ambition, some great enterprise, less
would have tained 145 sections, besides lengthy same way as a band of small boys daring man some long-sought reform; while found impossible. The dismis schedules, and was passed on June who have suddenly, discovered the
13. 1883.
peculiarities of their teacher, their going is, never irremedia- sal of Mr. Eden and the swift
and Governor Bowen was, moreover, with childish glee, feel that they are ble. True, the leaders some-change in foreign policy, the keenly interested in increasing the something to be mimicked and ex- times blunder; but they are less wooing of the man in Rome and popular representation on the Legis- posed to public view. Some of the apt, perhaps, to commit them- the swift cementing of the Intive Counell, and to this end he things that his critics discussed seem Anglo-French friendship, and directed the attention of the Hame to us to-day to be extremely puerlie aelves to some ill-advised or the greatest expenditure on ultimately it came to
Government, with the result that one for example was the Gover- concur with nor's habit of prolonged oratory and.. dangerous polley because of armaments that the nation has his views. He accordingly requested. It must be admitted, a too decided
posed In the Chamber of Commerce and the penchant for quoting Robert Burns their very insecurity and be ever been asked to meet cause of the always strident pence-times; these are some of Justices of Pence to elect a member at length, so much so that he was
ench to sit on the Council and both nicknamed behind
his back Sir voice of the Opposition. In the things this
hardjawed bodies necepled the invitation with "Gush" Bowen. security? It is just here that Prime Minister has dared, and alacrity. At a general meeting, the
Apart from these minor faults, the democratic system scores. time may well show that they Chamber of Commerce unanimously
such ability that in 1880, the year If a man is sound there is little were strokes of genius. Mr. chose Sir Thomas Jackson as their Sir George was on administrator of
representative.
09 In short, likelihood of his being insecure. Chamberlain is going after the Norton-Kysle in his "History of the he was nominated a Privy Councilor. Mr. before his departure from the Colony, KOWLOON DEPOT Tel, 50545 There are, remember, the force-confidence and trust of his Laws and Courts of Hongkong" points Ho was a scholar of merit, and
ful and suave, the grim, blud-people in a rather different way out, "the election of members to the geoning and dictatorial official, than did Earl Baldwin; but he Council marked a new era in tile amongst his works may be mention-
Colony, and, according to reports,
1850, London, 1854; and the cool, quiet, smiling type. will have it, and in. full measure, there was witnessed at one meeting London, 1852. The Universities
"Mount Athos, Thessaly and
and Epirus, Both may accomplish much. if he can shape events in Europe (that of the Justices of Peace) some- Oxford and But it is fairly certain that the to his will even for a little time. thing akin to the excitement of a la researcherige, in recognition latter, the friendly, seeming | The strength of this de- popular election. No less than three of his
candidates were proposed, the result classical learning, bestowed upon him simple man, will be the most mocracy of ours is that there is on the election of Mr. F. D. Sas- honourary degrees, und savants felt
that by his death loved and will retain the nation's always a trained man ready to soon by a majority of votes.
at Brighton on condence the longest.
February 21, 1899, the world had lost To be the Governor of a Colony one of its most eminent sons, who hand, with a full knowledge of "If I were to pretend here to his ship and his crow, and ex-important as Hongkong is no sine had so capably distinguished Aimwelt
cure, und regardless of how ably the have greater abilities than Icellent bearings from the past occupant of the gubernatorial chair by patient delving into the vonished have you would soon find mo'to help him shape his course. may administer the duties of his glories of ancient Greece.
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COUNT THE “TELEGRAPHS” EVERYWHERE
are
mushrooms, and the evil which for Prying Eyes
merly had been confined to certain districts began to invade the sanctity
BUT the Air Force has always Dbeen mechanised: its nero- of the hotels and even the residential planes are the principal munifesta-
districts."
ed: "Ithaca in
the
the commander of ground forces wisely kept his con- centration
supplies, his main Iransport services, and his reserves. of men behind the reach of enemy gunfire.
But he cannot keep them out of range of the aerial bomb unless they are so far back as to be useless.
Relays
HE speed of the aeroplanc 1 enables the air commander to keep relays of bombers in the at- tack, To-day the aeroplane and its bomb is simply a longer-range gun, battering, battering the back areas that formerly went scathlens.
So, when the front line crumples under attack, there is nothing be- hind to buttress the weak point. This accounts for Franco's series of ad- vanced to a considerable depth before the opposing forces could ro-form,
In the war of 1914-18 Arst, second, and third trench lines were close to- gether. But modern conditions of war indiente that armies, when dis- to resist attack, must be spaced in parallel zones many miles, Instead of only hundreds of yards, apart.
Both at sea and on land the bomb- er has forced commanders to adopt new methods of warfare, No more is it necessary to wait to meet an army or a fleet.
No mora la it necessary to dove- tail in advance every detall of q'sca or land battle into the speed of sup- port possible on land or sta,
Given superior als strength, the commander can almost instantly pro- vide pressure where it is most need- ed, for bombers can be thrown into nction stan instantly to meet a developing To those who have oyes to seo, It is abundantly clope that the nation with the greatest force of high-speed, long ranga Bombers and sufficient of the other elements of war arena will win the wars of the future.