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Should Milk Bo Pasteurised?
Around this question experts to-day are arguing fiercely.
Here a doctor (who, for
reasons of medical etiquetto,
is unable to sign his name) gives the views put forward by each side in support of their
casc.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovered that by raising the temperature of milk to 145° F., and keeping it there for a period of 30 minutes, and cooling it immediately to 55° F. tubercular germs in milk are destroyed.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Thursday, March 31, 1930,
PASTEURISATION PROBLEM
Louise Pastour--and a modern pasteurising plant
PASTEURISATION:
T
FOR AND AGAINST
HERE are two main questions in the milk
problem. Is it good?
The Urban Council
that
1, Why trouble to pasteurise ous. If the cow is diseased the milk constituents which have milk, even before it has left the already been made sterile? 2,
By A Medical Correspondent
affect
arc
on
is udder, contains germs that may value, destroying the vitamins The supporters of the method answering the latter ques- seriously
consumers, and making milk less digestible. point to the diseases that would tion in its campaign to Secondly, it may become con- As Lord Carnworth recently said have been prevented if pas- by anyone who it remains a good beverage but teurisation were compulsory. Dr. A. de Basto's criticism of persuade us that milk is taminated the proposed legislation for the one of the most valuable of handles it on its way from the it is not milk. There is no doubt The most important caused by
dairy to the home.
that if there were no other food an infected cow is tuberculosis. compulsory pasteurisation of human foods only when it is
The obvious and ideal way of for us to cat milk would be bet- Of course, many of us can imbibe
and reconstituted milk, which he pasteurised.
preventing milk-borne disease is ter taken raw.
carry tuberculosis germs raised at the Urban District
In spite of the enormous in- to make sure that the supplies To these objections those who about with us all our lives with- crease in milk drinking at pre- come from healthy herds in want pasteurisation to be made out ill-effect. But it is estimat- Council meeting yesterday, was)
sent, the consumption is far less hygienic surroundings, and that compulsory for all milk answer ed that nearly 100 deaths every timely and instructive, even in this Colony than in other every precaution is taken that no that it will take many years to week in Hongkong, mostly in though, apparently, it made countries. Here, on an average, germ should enter the milk once make every milk-producing herd young children, are due to tuber- little or no impression on the we each drink only half a pint a it has been drawn.
free from tuberculosis alone. A cle bacillus, much of which may convictions of his colleagues, day. Food experts say
The alternative is to treat all periodic examination, however be conveyed in milk or its pro- none of whom was disposed to while this may be enough for a milk as potentially infected, and often it is made, commonly fails ducts. It is the commonest support his amendments. Never healthy adult children must have to heat it enough to kill the to reveal disease in a cow that is cause of tuberculosis of bones,
Boiling alters theless, the debate enabled the at least one to two pints, while gerins.
the giving grossly infected milk. joints, glands and the digestive expectant and nursing mothers flavour and to some extent the About one-fifteenth of all raw tract. public to gain a quickened ap ought not to be satisfied with composition. The cleansing can, milk and some 40 per cent. of preciation and knowledge of less than two pinta a day. In however, be achieved without dairy cowa may harbour the what precisely is reconstituted the campaign against under- raising the temperature as high tubercle bacillus.
BUT there other milk, and of the various issues nourishment increased consump- as boiling point. The most com. There is no reason why clean-
dangers. A single which have made pasteurisation|tion of milk must play a very monly used method is to raise liness should not also be com- dairyman who suffers from sore such a highly controversial sub-important part.
the temperature of the milk to pulsory, as it is if the milk is to throat, or who is a typhoid, dy- 145 deg. ject.
Fahrenheit, let it stay be "certified." Tests of samples sentery, or diphtheria carrier, there for half an hour, and to can easily reveal slovenly me may be responsible for a large An analysis of Dr. Basto's
BUT this vital food must cool it rapidly. This is "pas- theds. Though a proportion of epidemic. speech leaves the emphasis
be free from infec- teurising" it.
the vitamina are destroyed an The British committee more on what he failed to prove tion and by one means or an-
experiment carried out by the cattle diseases in 1934 gave a rather than the points he more other made safe, and at once.
National Institute for Research list of outbreaks at Home known or less successfully scored. Dr. There are two main ways in THE position is much in Dairying showed that a pint to the Ministry of Health to be Busto's chief contentions were: which milk can become danger-
better than it was. of pasteurised milk is only due to human contamination of For example, the bulk of Hong- slightly less nutritious than a milk which included 30 epide- kong's milk supply-if not all- pint of untreated milk.
mics of typhoid, 14 of dysentery, is now pasteurised.
Vitamin C is the most affected and 28 of scarlet fever. In 1929 By enforcing this pasteurisation
Those who oppose pasteurisa, and only a fifth disappears, an one epidemic alone affected 1,000 the "little man", struggling in stituents of fresh milk, certain tion do so mainly on the ground amount important only to child families, with 65 deaths, alt competition with the heavily-vitamins are lost, but apparently that it will allow producers to ren, which can be easily supplied traceable to infected milk. Even capitalised concerns, must be neither the medical profession neglect hygienic precautions. in a little orange juice. The first-class, clean milk is not free put out of business, as he can-nor the scientists are satisfied They might rely on the process flavour cannot be very bad if from this risk not afford the expensive plant that this essentially depreciates to destroy the effects of sloven- about 90 per cent. of the milk teurisation. Hongkong's dysen- without pas. needed for scientific and legal the milk as a vitalizing food.
ly methods. Another objection in Hongkong and the large cities tary epidemic last year is too pasicurisation; 3, Pasteurian-
More striking, because the of- is that it impairs the nutritive is pasteurised without complaint. recent to need comment. tion in Hongkong does notificial reply was less convincing,
guarantee
the was Dr. Basto's query of Hong- elimination of an infected milk kong's possession of workers supply, simply because the pro- with the required highly techni- cess calls for expert knowledge cal knowledge of the pasteuris- of its mechanics, as well as ex-ing process, or of experts pert supervision; 4, Is Hong- capable of supervising and in- DURING several years acquaintance away. If there are £100 to be de- our milk before we drink it than
with the fishermen of the North- posited, the fisherman to ensure kong in a position to satisfy specting the work
it is to boil our water. But such requirements?
freedom of contamination be-East I have made observations and bicycle and goes to an inland village there are three important dif If at first sight logic appears from the cow until its delivery point of view, first and foremost, tas farther on, and there he leaves the continually being handled; and
tween the time the milk is taken collected stories regarding their ten miles away, and puts £50 into the
habits as Ananciers. From his own bank there. Then he cycles on to ferences: milk has an animal
another village, the
same distance source liable to disease; it is to bolster Dr. Basto's open to the purchaser. Dr. Selwyn- fisherman is strictly honest, but, as ing point, the majority will
Clarke, the Director of Medical subsequent incidents will reveal, remaining £50 be inclined to adopt Mr. R.Services, only generalised when that point of view is peculiarly his The two sums are usually deposited germs find it a good place for R. Todd's view that
on the same day, and in due course breeding. For the drinking of it he said that health ofcors do own.
During a religious revival, one man they will on the same day, be with- untreated milk to be entirely better to play on the exist in the Colony who have went into a shop and told the shop-drawn in order that the interests may safe side, and, while going been specially trained for the keeper that he had "put on the new be compared and to ensure that the safe and partial success is use- through the heating process for
"Glad to hear it,' purpose of supervising pasteuri- man."
said the bankers are taking no unscrupulous less-an enormous organisation is needed, with local and health' reconstituting milk to adopt the sation, while apparently, only man behind the counter: "Perhaps advantage of the client. technique of pasteurisation as one man is known to the Sani-me." "Oh, that's the old man," said form of debt, to be paid only when and farmers closely co-operating,
Rents will pay me the money you owe you
are particularly obnoxious authorities, veterinary surgeons, a safeguard against possible tory Inspectorate who is "not the fisherman, and hastily retired there is no help for it. Generally infection during the time the
an illiterate coolie, but a man from the unsympathelle environment. the duty of making or evading the There is a shortage to-day of milic constituents were separ- who had received special train-
When in possession of money the payment falls upon the fisherman' ated. There might have been ing in the conduct of a pasteuri-average fisherman spends freely, spouse, whose fertility of combination veterinary surgeons, and even sometimes extravagantly, and if a of excuse and lofty rebuke in convey-without this it would take years more point to Dr. Busto's sation plant". Such assurances recent account is presented at the ed by: "You'll get your rent when for a perfect organisation to put it is likely to be puld the Lord gies't to us." "And when milk on the name lovel ns water Sanitary is of long standing it is reckoned Insult to Injury
For
SUITS & GOLF
automatically SUMMER
and
KASHA PANTS
NOW ON DISPLAY AT
Preci
THE GARMENTS ARE MADE FROM
SPECIALLY
SELECTED FABRICS, CORRECTLY TAILORED, WELL LINED AND CUSTOM TAILOR FINISHED.
THE PRICES ARE REASONABLE
GENTLEMEN'S SUITS
GOLF PANTS
KASHAPANTS: IA.
.from HK.$15.50
.from HK.$ 6.00
from HK.$ 6.00
RAINCOATS JUST UNPACKED FOR LADIES AND
GENTLEMEN
12, Des Voeux Road Central Telephone 21040.
is
argument had he demonstrated
Fishermen's
Money
takces
his
with
the
banker.
܀
due to infected milk.
IT should be no IT
It was
raore
necessary to sterilise
that in the process of pastauris do not compel a very deep con- time of Prey, But if the account, may that be?" "The Lord knows." for purity, to say nothing of tho
no such effects.
viction that the
without
ing reconstituted milk, valuable Department is in a position to hardship to have to pay it at all,
human element and the carrier food qualities were lost. But guarantee 100 per cent, effective and the hardship grows with the no attempt was made to show pasteurisation, and the Colony length of credit. He does not usually of the fisherman's mind. A baker pensive, but it is safe. Until Other incidents show the working problem. Pasteurisation is ex- this, and presumably there are will feel very much happier if, tender payment of an account, and it told a friend of mine that he once tuberculosis and the other trans- Director of is therefore prudent to present it to hnd an account of £50 against amissible boving diseases are and when, the This is of vital concern to the Medical Services can offer such him when he ia in funds,
fisherman, an account spread over eradicated there seems no other many years. The baker had con- users of reconstituted pasa guarantee.
Safely in Distance
tinued to give credit in the hope that way of ensuring a pura and safe teurised milk, and in issues such By and large, however, the Once his money is deposited in the come day the amount at stake would supply. as those raised by the Urban|Urban District ouncil appearsj bank It takes something in the nature be paid up.
Meanwhile neither children Council's proposed legislation, is to be justifled in its inslatence of an earthquake to dislodge it from One day, however, the customer of far more importance than upon compulsory pasteurisation its safe resting. He may withdraw enlied on him to nait for a lonn of £20, nor adults should stop drinking
It to buy a new bout of to have a It was na alleged illogicality
for the loan until the quire of their milk distributors pasteurisation, or the possiblo admitted the legality of such a all.
baker lost patience, with him and told whether their supply is "tuber- elimination of the small in-commodity and it has now done! A creditor who la pressing for h'm that he himself was dividual competitor. Mr. Todd, its best to assure that users of money finds it very dificul; to dis-for money. "But you muun lend it culin: tested" or "pasteurised;" in his explanation of the new the milk will be safeguarded as it is certainly not likely to be in the "Look at the amount o' breed I buy the purity of the supply the milk cover where the money is deposited. to me," said the customer indigently and wherever there is doubt of legislation, admitted that in the fare those who use fresh milk. nearest bank. It la moro probably the ye." process of separating the con- S.A.G.
In towns or villages many miles!
should be boiled.
the
of of reconstituted milk. It hashare in a new boat, but that in about man pressed refused. The fisher-i milk. But parents should in-
20
Atralts
Obrerver