THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPHI, TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 1988,
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The
Longkong Telegraph.
Tuesday, March 15, 1938,
IN SEARCH OF CULTURE
Council
most #
+
W
HEN the bells of armistice rang out, they rang also the death knell of the great Austro-Hungarian Empire. More than 40,000,000 of its subjects were henceforth to dwell beneath other flags; and in a dismembered
sive report upon museum That life entered abruptly on accommodation required in
a new phase on Saturday. Hongkong, the nature of col- lections advisable, its organi- sation. site and 80 on. It
FALL and
DECLINE
of
AUSTRIA
GERMA
SWITZ
STRIA
FORMER
STRO-HUNGARIAN,
By Arthur Norton
A committee consisting of Dr. G. A. C. Herklots, Mr. W. Austria, not much larger that was not slow to breed inter- Schofield and Mr. A. D. Brank-
than half England, 6,500,000 nal discontent, it suggested a ston recently completed and people made a republic and customs union with Germany.
Under French leadership tabled before the Legislative began a new and troubled
Europe objected, but took no comprehen-life.
step to help its trade in any way.
The world was in the throes of the economic crisis and the break came at the weakest point in the fabric. Fears for the solvency of the Credit Anstalt No one of Austria's 19 years led to a flight of capital from was a very commendable piece of independent life has passed Austria, and this great Central of work, and the public, as well without
European bank collapsed. With trouble. Years as the Government, is apprecia- poverty and deflation were in- caught all Europe in its grip.
its fall the panic spread and
tive. But the
report went aevitable in a country which can
From that moment the pace step beyond the museum project never have anything but an ad-
quickened; and Austria's trou and spoke of "the need in the verse trade balance. Almost bles, which, previously, had Colony for a cultural centre one-third of the entire popula- been more or less confined to embracing a library, a museum tion lives in one city. Vienna; economic questions, now swept and possibly an art gallery, and and Austria could only feed them into the political arena and en- clothe and make them- it. town had there are indications that such and the them been allowed to been setting itself up against a proposal is at the moment be-sell its products freely to its country; and the clouds of civil ing considered by the Govern-neighbours-which it was not.
war began to gather in remote corners of the sky. ment." It is the desirability of these other cultural amenities
which should be stressed at this
[time.
of
At one time it was kept alive
by loans politely blackmailed
But if Dollfuss had triumph-- ed, he was not for long to enjoy the strange fruits of his victory. Five months later the Nazis murdered him.
But, at the time, they did no more than that. The hoped for coup d'état failed: Austria was not yet ready for complete Nazi domination.
Dollfuss was succeeded not by Rintelen, the Nazi nominee, but was a by his second-in-command, Kurt that moment Dollfuss martyr, and as such someone to von Schuschnigg, who remains be cherished and given a popu- Chancellor to this day. He larity he would otherwise never lacks every attribute that ever have had.
made Dollfuss popular; but in In that same year Hitler had his four and a half troubled years of office he has proved assumed power in Germany himself a match for all the in- and from that moment it did not really matter what independent ternal efforts to unseat him. Austria might do in an effort to He got rid of the egregious maintain its status failing con- Prince Starhemberg, his Vice structive help from outside or Chancellor and head of the reasonable freedom to establish Heimwehr, whom many people, relations with Germany; it was at one time, supposed the real doomed now to fall into the power in Austria; and he has hands of the Third Reich on the never had trouble with the mis- latter's terms. In the begin- chievous legitimist party who ning of "Mein Kampf," a book would put a Hapsburg back on a from whose stated doctrine throne that no longer exists. Hitler has never deviated, the union of Germany and Austria In July, 1936, Germany gave is envisaged as one of the major up attempting to bludgeon Aus- necessities of the Nazi pro- tria into submission, and sub- stituted the hypodermic syringe. Hitler-made an agreement....with.. It is not necessary here to go Schuschnigg which was supposed into all the reasons why such to "normalise the relations be a marriage is of paramount im- tween the two countries." It .portance to Hitler's policy: it is was agreed that Germany should enough to say that, with Aus- recognise the full sovereignty of tria remaining outside the fold, Austria; and that each Govern- the Nazi dream of a Central and ment should undertake not to Germany as satellite States could of the other. Austria undertook Eastern Europe trailing behind interfere in the internal politics.
never be realised.
to "recognise herself as a Ger- man State" and so to frame her
gramme.
Vienna, and the towns gen erally, were Socialist and anti- Clerical; the countryside, en- from the Powers to whom its
vious of the urban standard of independence was of paramount living, was Catholic and Con- It is with a feeling of some importance in their scheme of servative. So that the towns shame that Hongkong must ad. European equilibrium. It was might retain their privileges, Dollfuss himself was not policy. That temporary truce
allowed to do nothing that might their Schutzbund was created, a slow to recognise this now mens- came
to a finish when Hitler mit, surely, the lack of a well-have proved to be its economic private democratic militia, re- ce; and he turned south for pro- sent for the Austrian Chancel- equipped public library. It is
cruited from the ranks of So- tection, and found it in the arms lor a month ago. salvation; and in March, 1981, cialist workers and the intel- of Mussolini, who disliked then, remarkable and regretable that made desperate by a poverty ligentsia. On the other side the thought of a great German ino Government controlled and
Was the Heimwehr, built on army on the Brenner Pass, operated modern lending library
Fascist lines and recruited from
no
tained.
at
ready, perhaps, to wrest from Exactly what happened exists. True, there are volumes needy charities. There certain- the peasants and land workers Italy the German-speaking ter Berchtesgaden we do not know: available at the old City Hally should be no reason why it in the provinces.
ritories which were annexed at but we do know that Hitler building. But there is nothing
Versailles in 1919. could
didn't argue, but commanded. not be made to pay for which would appeal to the popu- itself if the Government could
Army and Air Force generals lar taste. No doubt the books not afford to support it, and if
walted significantly, in an ad- are valuable and useful in re-
There now emerged into poli-
joining room. The truce was search, but this Colony sadly aid; for there
public benefactors offered tical life and power the diminu- In those days he was strong over; the psychological moment are numerous tive figure of Engelbert Doll. enough to offer protection. Ger- had come; and the German dic- needs works which have a wider organisations here which would fuss, who, by a series of politi- many was still comparatively tator demanded that the keys of appeal, free to students and the take advantage of the inexpen-cal chances, found himself Prime weak;, and Italian strength and the citadel be handed over to average man and woman in sive accommodation to be ob- 1932. From that date he re- in two long and costly wars, one
Minister of Austria on May 20, resources had not been dissipated him. search of knowledge or simply
With Seyss-Inquart in virtual mained in power until the Nazis of which still rages. relaxation.
command of the police, with It is possible, too, that the murdered him on July 25, 1934. Even more important than an facilities of a spacious auditor- of more legends than any of the that price was the liquidation of of
For his protection, however, Nazis in the Cabinet, the game Dollfuss lins been the subject Mussolini demanded a price; and was up. It was only a 'question art gallery, it seems, and nextium might encourage garrison post-war dictators; more loved the Austrian Socialist Party.
time before the National- in value to a library, is a large banda, so many of which are of and more hated, perhaps, than
Socialist fing flow over the an- and well-equipped auditorium. high quality, to appear more any. He was a mass of contra-
Dollfuss paid him in February, which once held the Turks at bay cient and civilised city of Vienna There are plenty of examples of frequently before the public. dictions: cunning and naif, 1934, by turning his forces loose and Seyss-Inquart- replaced the successful development of There is no doubt that a weekly
on the workers of Vienna and Schuschnigg as Chancellor. simple and shrewd. the idea. Auditoriume in scores military band concert would be
of the big provincial cities. He had not been in power a
And, as Dollfuss did, Schusch- of British cities, particularly in popular here during the winters. year when, as a consequence of
For four days the battle raged nigg turned his oyes south to Australia and Canada, built and It is not too much to hope that the seizure of power by the in the capital: for four days Rome when the ultimatum. supported by city govern- an auditorium would eventually tempts to extend their activi- kept the forces of authority at forthcoming. The roles
Nazis In Germany and their at- 5,000 ill-armed Schutzbundiers came; but this time no help was ments and public subscrip-bring into being a civic orches-tics to the whole German-speak- bay. Their homes, the famous now reversed: The Duce is no tion, have proved not only tra of real merit. That is just ing world, he abolished parlia Karl Marx Hof and the Goethe longer the power paramount. immensely valuable culturally another project worthy of the mentary government and three Hof, were bombarded all the but financially sound invest-widest and warmest support. days later set himself up as magnificent work of the Socialist
Hitler has always had a ment. In the first place
dictator with supreme powers.
municipality crumbled away to genius for taking risks at the an auditorium in Hongkong, It is a pity that. Hongkong
dust; and with it went the last right moment. providing it is suitable in the has carned the reputation of be-
vestiges of liberty..
"France and imag
Britain did of acoustics and equip- [ing culturally backward and
How long he would have last Resistance lingered in the pro- nothing when I went into the ment, would encourage amateur artistically uninteresting. Per-ed had an attempt not been vinces for perhaps two days Rhineland," he is reported to dramatic and musical talent, haps it is that in the past the made on his life there is no more; but that was all, when have told Schuschnig "Do THOS. COOK & SON, LTD. and might eventually be the Colony, could not afford such knowing, but on October 3, 1933, 013) Bauer, leader of the Lo you think they will ill
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Imeans of swelling substantially luxuries as books and good mu a Nazi hit him with two bullets claliste, fled abroad the blood- to save you
the funds available for always sic. It is high time it did. and failed to kill him; and from shed came to an end..
HG
are
inver