THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPII, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1937.
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TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1937.
CZECHO-SLOVAKIA AND WORLD PEACE
There is trouble again be- Czecho-Slovakia tween
and Before the Great Germany, War Czecho-Slovakia formed a province of the Austrian Empire, and was inhabited chiefly by Czuchs, Slovaks, Germans, Hun- garians, Carpathian Russians, Poles and Jews.
Now, of course, it is independent democracy. There is a total population of about fifteen million, of which three and
of German a half are descent..
ferr Hitler has shown himself remarkably solicitous on behalf of these Germans. It is said he uses every opportunity to fan up dissension inside Czecho- Slovakia. Dr. Krofta, the Foreign Minister_has_just_made_ another protest about it. He said:
come
To-
"We will resolutely repulse all intervention in our internal affairs, from wherever it may
When this is cognised by Germany the existence of our German minority will be no hindrance to the good relations between our countries. I deeply re- gret that our efforts towards
a better understanding with been
our
neighbour have burdened anew",
The reasons why the Germans are so keen to make things difficult for Czecho-Slovakia japparently are the following:
(1) Czecho-Slovakia is allied to France and Russin. suits the Germans to believe that these powers are
You can have FUN
with this NEW SCIENCE
"M
ASS - OBSERVA- TION." This is the name its inventors choose for a new sort of scientific Investigation mixed with fun and games in which they ask everyone to help.
"Ideally, it is the observation by everyone of everyone, including themselves," declaro inventors Charles Madge (a poet) and Tom Harrisson (an explorer) in their joint pamphlet
“Mass – Obscrvation," Muller, Ltd., 18.).
(Frederick
What they are really after is best expressed by Professor Julian Huxley, in his short introduction to their essay.
"Belence has a two-fold task- to know and to control.. Some sort of scientific control of society, in place of the unscientiae game of politics and the more play of Impersonal economic forces, is overdue: and we shall not obtain any efficient....control unless is grounded in adequate this knowledge.
"Mass - Observation,.. seema to me of great value; for it does aim at disclosing ourselves to ourselves by the application of sclentide methods of observation and record."
All this may strike you as a bit high to join in for fun. But then professors write that way.
to
Selence does not know enough about your and my prejudices, superstitions and behaviour draw useful generalisations from to predict with fair.cer- them, or tainty our reactions to any given set of circumstances.
Belence can do all these things
creditably very
about comets, chemical substances or guinea pigs. Obvious advantages would follow the addition of the British citizen to this list.
Mass-Observation." hope its inventors, will provide science with the broad basis of fact from which -to-work-to-this-end.-
To-day's Thought TUE preservation of health is
a duty. Few seem con- selous that there is such a thing as physical morality.
-HERBERT SPENCER.
Therefore, they ask us all to become "Observers,” noting the behaviour of ourselves and our fellows, writing our observations up in simple objective reports and sending them to "Mass-Observa- tion" Headquarters.
There Madge. Harrisson and their helpers will sort and slit our
ficid work.
At frequent intervals
will they
publish volumes of classifed reports from Observers.
That is all. There is no catch in it. It costs you nothing to be an Observer. And-If enough thou- sands take up the job-the results will provide selence with a basis and background which it has con- sclously lacked for the last twenty- five years.
Personally I am becoming an Observer, with a capital “0." Tho idea has been so cleverly presented by Madge and Harrisson.
They appeal most skúfully to several more or less disagreeablo tmits in my character.
The feeling that I shall be col- Iaborating in original scientific work of real importance, that I am on the watch studying my fel- low men and women, that I am a harmless—almost a benevolent- amateur detective, ki too much for my self-importance and self-
dramatisation.
But I cannot believe that I shall be a very good Observer. I shall tend to make my reports “better” -more exciting, rich and various- than a strict adherence to fact allows.
You may suggest that this is be- cause I am a journalist or a llar. And you will be quite right. But, so I am afraid, will all Observers be journalists and lars.
☆ ☆
To convey in writing what you have seen or experienced Is the whole art of newspaper reporting. And, as one who has spent some laborious years trying to act as a reporter, let me add that no report. of any set of human circumstances is wholly exact or truthful.
All human affairs and relation- ships are 50 complicated and coloured by superstitions, blind chance, or any influence but reason that, when they are further dis- torted by transmission through an
"No one could escape from the Coronation."
Observer's personality, a report of them must be scrappy, partial, and quite "unscientific."
however, Afass Observation, cheerfully recognises and accepta all this. It is not dismayed that many fits Observers will be as prejudiced as Mr. Garvin's. It noks each one to give particulars of his or her religious beliefs and back- ground, political faith and so on in order to discount, when pos- sibic, obvious blas,
In addition, Mass-Observation knows that its reports will all show partiality in one way or another. But by obtaining a great number it believes it can thereby arrive at a pretty clear idea of the actual- ity on which the Observers worked.
Already one large scale test has been made. Some hundreds of Observers studied the Coronation from all angles, Their reports have already been digested and will
soon
be published by Messrs. Faber as a book, with the titto Muss-Observation Day Surveys. Much of the MS. for this book I have been allowed to see,
No one could escape from the Coronation. Its propagandą, cele- brations and emotional "upset" reached every citizen.
Therefore it was almost ident as a test on which Mass-Observation could base itself. The Observers
WAR WITHOUT WEAPONS
DURING the last fifteen years the "propaganda"--so lithe used in pre-war days-has assumed particular Importance.
Propaganda — An perfection, may well
Insidious Prison
Each nation, hig and little, seems to concern itself in issuing verbally. and through the national and Inter- national Presses reams and reams of
seeking to prove this or airplane or the big gun; a weapon propoganda,
more sinister and sometimes more
to deny that.
which, carried to a pitch of near- constitute a menace to the pence of the world.
Very few people like Bolshevism-- the Russians certainly do not, for the State as constituted in Russia at the present moment is no more Bolshevik than is the state in our own country and very few people like Fascism, outside the counteles
these reeds are de rigeur.
We have been told time and again
where
It more dangerous than the sword, the able, by its une, to polson the minds that Fascism is merely inverted Com-
11
The Great War taught the nations powerful than actual warfare Inas- the use of this weapon-a weapon much as its protagonists have been of millions, to overthrow dynasties. and to weld for themselves into a munism, and whether we are prepared
dictum solid mass the opinions of thousands to agree with this
or not rulers have an understanding unable or unwilling to make their these warring creeds constitute the greatest danger to the peace of the with Germany, and because of volces heard.
world, not so much because of the
perpetual threat to their stated, with Poland because hertot people who normally would be makes no difference to the fact that
security.
desire to focus the attention
Germans of
the
g the country, preparing the
(2) The German theory of the certain minority grievances and Each day in the newspapers we never-ceasing battle of propaganda.
unity of the 'Volk' or People. } trade rivalries, and with listen to the propagandist outpourings This causes them to be very Hungary because some of her of the different "controlled" Presses Warfare by Words
of the world. The German Press, concerned with the date of territory was previously Hun-under the leadership of Dr. Goebbels, Those people who have studied the German minorities every- garion, and the Hungarians have seeks to spread the Nazi doctrine question are convinced that Fascism where in the world. They great grievances against her. throughout the world, and, whether would not have come to Italy, the we like it or not, has influenced many Nazi doctrines would never hate "If war. breaks out between towards the creed of Hiller.
Musso-swept Germany had it not been for everywhere the Fuacist and the Democratic in, pursuing a different technique, the fact that the apostles of these upon the Reich as the countries, it will probably take aims to achieve similar objects, dictatorial creeds were able to show "universal provider".
of. these
countries that the form of an artificially stimu- "Best" of All
people of. Soviet Communistle propaganda was (3) The fact that Czecho-lated revolt in Czecho-Slovakia,
Yet no matter how much we may Slovakin lies in the way of with most countries interven admire or dislike these two, we must ter of brother by brother, which! for the revolution, the slaugh- Germany's ambitions in ing," writes Derrick Williams,
admit that the palm of propagando seems to be the logical end of the South-west Europe, the League of Nations propagandist. warfare must be awarded to Soviet propagando of the Third Interi Balkans and the Near East. "It will be as well for nations to Russia who, during the last ten years, nationale. The German ambition to make up their minds before it has proved herself to be the mistress Hind it not been for the originol gain influence
the starts as to whether they are of all propaganda, and who has, by propaganda warfare of Russia the pre-
means of this weapon, secured results sent pact "for presenting a Danube countries and even- going to sit down under this too, sherto unknown,
front against Communism" tually to colonise inter whether they will really make It has been said that the Russian never have been signed between the Ukraine can never be the League work this time. It people would never be beaten in war Germany, Italy and Japan. realised with auch an un-1 is known for a fact at the British inside their own frontiers and that No matter whether we conalder repentant francophile demo-Admiralty that, Signor Musso- they would never win a decisive war this pact to be important cracy in the neighbourhood, lini would have called off the is true, and it is also possible that it propaganda "stunt or an armed alll- outside those frontiers. Possibly this whether we think it merely another Abyssinian War had the Suez was for this reason that the powers-ance which may yet threaten
the Czecho-Slovakia is bounded by Canal been closed. The fault that-be behind the Soviet Govern- frontiers of Russin, the fact remains Germany, Poland and Hungary, was not primarily British.ment have concentrated during the that it is existing to-day merely be With all three she is at enmity. Everyone was to blame. But with a means of attack in other fare waged by the Soviets through last decade on providing themselves cause of the continuous wordy war- With Germany for the reasons let us take stock of ourselves.”
countries, outside their own frontiers, (Continued on Page 5.)
over
united
would
or not,
ranged from a Gold Staff Officer
on duty in the Abbey to a very self-conscious Left Winger who tried - unavailingly — to escape from the whole thing and who countered "God Save the King" by the "Internationale."
think I do not
should quote from the Observers' reports on the Coronation. although there is more rich fun and human interest in them than I have found else- where for years. But when the book is published I certainly hope to show
Dally Herald" readers why they should buy it by a re- view full of quotations.
These Coronation reports prove that
the idea and methods of Mass-Observation do work and are valuable. That is why I mention. them here.
On Wednesday I went to the Derby, and I tried to do a little- Mass - Observation myself де Epsom. I found tremendously Interesting, though it interfered with amateur fumblings to find a winner.
✰
✩
“Why do ́men-and-women-chter a horse on to victory although they will lose money by ita success, just because those who are finan- cially interested begin the cry?
Why did I feel disappointed that I didn't see the King come to the front of the Royal Box and wave his hat to acknowledge the crowd's greeting? I have seen him perhaps thirty times, several since he suc- ceeded his brother. It was not disappointment of unsatisfied curiosity. It was the echo of some primitive tribal emotion in my heart.
Mass-Observation. would like to know, for example, if many people at Epsom shared my dia- appointment. A digest of some thousand reports on Derby Day would be nearly as valuable as that on the Coronation.
Try a little Mass-Observation on your own account this week-end. If you find it as interesting as I do, write to 0, Grolo's Buildings, Blackheath, 8,E3, and ask for: more particulars,
They will tell you how to be- come an Observer, and ask you to help in the investigation of this ar that problem.
As they say in their pamphlet:
..It is essential that Mars- Observation should recruit from all classes, from all localities, and from overy shade of opinion. Only those who are afraid of knowing the facts or of letting them be known will refuse to co- operate
prove avowedly hostile."
A very sensible and most inter-
the whole.. esting pamphlet on But I would make ono point against it.
or
Madge and Harrisson want active help from all of us. They want us to do something for them. Yet. they put in bits like this:
"Perhaps the two functions-dia- playing the world and classifying Ti--- are for the time being no longer divatblo. In certain branches of science and of art, the individual scientist or arilst becomes absorbed in a collective activity which is purely- human in type, and which excludes, neither of the two categories."
This is too much for me, and I' expect also for great many more. of us. The Inventors of Maas-- Observation should tune their ap.... peal more closely to the masses,
T. D.