COLONY LEARNS
PRECAUTIONS FOR WAR RAIDS
LECTURER TELLS ABOUT INCENDIARY BOMBS AND HOW TO FIGHT THEM
The second of the course of public lectures on Air Raid - Precautions was given before a capacity audience at the China Fleet Club Theatre yesterday by Mr. J. C. FitzHenry, M.I. Fire E, Superintendent of the Fire Brigade,
The speaker dealt with the types and effects of incendiary bombs and how to minimise them, explaining the functions of Government and Antl-fire squads in war-time conditions.
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THE HONGKONG
STOCK MARKET
REPORT
The Hongkong Stock Exchange: official summary issued at yesterday, says: The market was neglected.
Buyers
Douglases $4812 Providents (Old) $2 Star Ferries $60.
China Lights (Old) $11.20 China Lights (New) 811 Cements $12.55
Sellers
Bank of Enat Ala $65 H.K. Tramways $13.30 Cements $12.80
Bates
China Lights (Old) $11.30
well
TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1987.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
NO RECIPROCITY
To The Editor,
Hongkong Telegraph.
on
Holphoto
ERADIO BROADCAST
Eva Turner and L. Lafford From the Studio
NURA KANIS
ZD.W. on wavelengths of 355 metres Radio Programme Broadcast by (848 kcs.) 31.40 metres (9.32 m.c'a.).
HKT.
"
13.00-12.20 p.m. Relay of Special Service from St. John's Cathedral..
12,80 - Vivian Ellis (Plano), which the Composer Introduces some Le!' Me' Play (Vivian Eills) (In of his best known tunes); 'On The Avenue Plano Medley (Berlin).
12:40 Cinema Organ.. the additional
occur that all fire-fighting resources of the Government Fire Brigude may be in action at a num- ber of fires and not immediately able to attend to all the calls received,
Thirdly, there is danger of falling bomba crippling the normal water, supply or the volume and pressure will be reduced by heavy off-take for dealing with The speaker said: Last week you! bomb strikes the projective, aro sent fires. heard an introductory lecture on air- over a wide area. An advantage of Fourthly, the damage to roads, rald precautions. Tho purpose of this bomb is said to be that owing
caused by falling bombs may be this lecture ja lo consider the into its welght it enn be dropped more
such as to retard or prevent the crease in fire risk likely to be caused necurately and has a greater pene-
movement of heavy fire appliances by the dropping of incendiary bomba trative
power. In the event of a from one place to another, or serious from nircraft and the questions in- bomb
atriking
its objective in any delay assistance. volved in meetinit this risk. For irregular manner that 18, not directly, easy reference I propose to classify it is likely that it would not explode. my lecture into several parts.
I trust you have gathered the right 1.Incendiary bombs with brief Impression of these bombs. by my reference to type
und construction. brief reference to them and possibly 2. The effects of incendiary bombs visualise the difficulties which would failing un or
Into
premises and beset the community if they were methods of dealing with them. dropped in large numbers in the city 3. Fire precautions and formation districts of Hongkong and Kowloon. of auxiliary Are units in business and Industrial undertakings.
4-Functions of the Government
tions.
CREATING PANIC
from two to sixty
EFFOECTS OF BOMBS
REVIEW PRECOUTIONS NOW For the reasons I have just quoted, It will be seen that it is Incumbent upon all who are responsible for business and Industrial undertakings to review their fire precautions at close intervals of time, with the object of guarding against these risks, particularly in the matter of provi- slon of suitable fire apparatus.
tu
condition that it can be used
Sir-It is interesting, if nothing else, to read in an edition of The Hongkong Telegraph in regard to The stranding
the President Hoover
Island Formosa, that:-
Operations by foreign salvage Vessela prohibited in the waters where the Hoover is stranded, and the the Talkoo Tug was unable to set out on Saturday as planned. A Japanese salvage ship the Yusho Maru, left Hongkong Just night, carrying salvag- ing equipment. Mr. T. B. Wilton-local Agent of the Dollar Line; and Mr. T. Medley; Frasquita Serenade Brayfield, Marino Surveycr.
(Lebar); The Whistler And His Dog The Asama. Maria went athere hero | (Pryor)....Robinson Cleaver; Popu- off Junk Bay In the September far Melodies No. 3... Harold Rom- tpyhoon and the Japanese salvage
Bay ship, presumably the Yusho Maru re- 1.00 Time and Weather. ferred to above, came down from
1.03 New Mayfäle Orchesirs, Japan to attend the salvaging of her.
Tunes Of Not-So-Long-Ago—1921- Why don't we say "operations by 22: Popular Bongs: Medley of Well- foreign salvage vessels are prohibited Known Dance Tunes: The Millen- in the waters where the Asamaalre Kid'-Selection (Mayerl). Maru is stranded? Particularly, if my Information is correct, as there are gun emplacements all round the neighbourhood of the spot where the Asama Maru s stranded.
FAIR DO-ES,
to
is
to a rease consideration
tho
an
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1.30 Reuter and Rugby Press; Weather and Announcements,
1.40 Relay of the Rotary TIMA Speech from the Roof Garden of the Hongkong Hotel. Speaker: Major H. 8. Reed. Subject: What I have seen and what K'have not seen in the New Territories of Hongkong."
Ceremony. 2.15 The Changing Of The Guard
of H. M. Grenadier Guards conducted Played by the Regimental Band by Major George Miller (With words of Command).
can be reached by an
Incendiary bomb there
potential risk; wherever there is none, a bomb may In Hongkong the fire brigade de- generally be allowed to burn harm- Fire Brigade der air-raki condi-objectives, namely buildings of all tion of some 250 private fire hydrant adopted
I now pass to the effects on their partment makes an annual Inspec-fessly. Any measure, which can be remove inflammable 5.-Outline of prectations recome installations, gas and elec- services and submits a report to the material to a
trie light undertakings and the like.
sate pince is
Rule Britannia mended to be taken by householders.
interested parties on the defects
The British Grenadiers The degree of penetration of an
one of the prime The speaker demonstrated
found during the inspections. This by
Incendiary bomb
God Save The King. The organisation of fire naturally depends report is in the nature of means of a sketch the 80-1b, type and
practices an certain conditions, such as, the
sate
for all members of the staff is an
2.30 Close Down. also showed the 2-lb, type.
guard under peace time conditions ordinary precaution, which becomes
4.00-7.00 Chinese Programme. height from which it is dropped, its that expensive fire appliances, once of distinct Importance as a safeguard
7.00 Belections from Grand Opera. construction and weight, the resist-provhied, should be maintained in against war fire risks. The setting
Tannhauser-Overture (Wagner) Incendiury bombs which are likely which it drops. It is considered that at any time. It may surprise many parties,
ance and stability of the surface on
....Symphony Orchestra conducted up of a complete organization of fire to be dropped from aircraft may
with small incendiary bomb would pene- vary in weight
by Albert Coates; 'Alda'-Heavenly to know what amount of pelvate fire tinguishing apparatus, becomes
necessary ex- pounds, but 11 is more likely that the
trate an ordinary type of roof, such
Alda, "divine Aida (Verdi); 'La Bo- apparatus exists in Hongkong. At urgent necessity. Those chosen to Jussi Bjurling (Ten): Der Rosen- heme-Your tiny hand is frozen.... ichter type of bone wole aircraft to domestic and godown buildings of hydrant installations in factories, oil reliable, possessed of common sense movements from Act 3. The Ber- bomb would be drop-as, the tile and firpole roots of many the present time there aro fire form fire parties should be steady, kavaller (Richard Strauss); Waltz enrry sumcient bombs to start mony
Hongkong and ignite on the floor of installations, dockyards, generating and able to direct males and females in State Opera Orchestra, Cond: Ares in widely separated fealltics
stations, emporiums, theatres, hotels Reinforsy with a view to disorganising the five inches in thickness would pro-ings. When one considers the fol- to see that they are drilled regularly concrete roofs of about and many other types of large build-essential to organise fire parties but
in an emergency. It is not only Alois Melichar passive defence arrangements and
7.30 Stock Quotations and Hong- creating general panic amonic the
bably prevent penetration by the lowing figures I think one will agree with the appliances they may have to kong Exchange Market. populace.
small type of bomb and in the case that the colony, under pence time.
7.35 use under air raid conditions. In the prano)
Studio-Eva Turner (80- of heavier bombs would diminish conditions, is needs
well provided with
and Lindsay
Lafford anti-fire equipment. More than 1,000 resident staff it should be a simple
A. case of premises where there is a their penetrative
(Piano). private fire hydrants; 60 augmentor
1. Spring (Handel); 2. The Chest- pressure pumps, these being instal-muter to organise the staff into fire led in most high buildings to boost parties to cover the whole premises, Piano Interlude; 4. Sweet chance nut Tree; 3. Dedication (Schumann) Where shift systems are worked up the pressure; over 20 miles of would be necessary to have a separpic 5. Sweet Suffolk Owl (Elizabeth it that led my steps (Michael Head); fire hose; 4,000 chemical fre CX- tinguishers.
fire party in each shift, but working Poston); 0. The Lover's Maze: 7. on the same lines in the protection of Rest sweet Nymphs (Peter Warlock). the premises.
8.00 Local Time Signal, Weather Report and Announcements,
Panle of this description little explanation from me as you are aware it would be very serious in the congested parts of Hongkong and Kowloon.
be en-
the top
power,
human element
We now come to the question of dealing with incendiary bombs which have penetrated buildings and here, may mention, the may either succeed or fail, success depending on the coolness and level- headedness of the
persons on the
scene,
WHAT TO DO On the sounding of on air raid warning, occupiers of buildings, par- ticularly those with roofs of little stability should take the following precautions:
A large variety of materials has been considered as constituents of Incendiary bombs, some being pre- ferred to others for the high degree of heat intensity they generate. The most likely constituents to be countered would be oli, magnesium, phosphorus,
carbon disulphide, thermite and thermalloy owing to their cheapness over other materials and the fact that they are safer to manufacture.
It is possible that sodium, potassium, calcium and the
(a) Denude the two upper floors cerlum alloys might also be used, of all inflammable material or goods but as the first two are very difficult of a combustible nature, to handle, It is improbable that they. (b) Spread sand or dry earth would be used as the main con-Jiberally over the floors. stituent. Calcium which burns with (c) Provide on the landing and great intensity, is similar in action other points of vantage, buckets of ta magnesium but is more costly, sand, with small scoops for throwing
applies alloys which also, are rare to obtain
to the cerium same, In quantity.
The same
for placing sand on the burning ma- (d) Provide long-handled shovels
terial of the bomb, or to remove portions it this is practicable,
near
ST
THERMITE PREFERRED Aircraft, designed to carry a limited | (e) Provide dark glasses, similar weight, would obviously carry the to those worn by oxy-acetylene and lighter incendiary materials with the electric welders, to effset the glare best heat and burning capaciiles. A of the burning material. further consideration, of course, is (f) If flat pleces of metal sheet the matter of bulk. This may rule or corrugated Iron are available, out the use of oil as oll is heavy and keep them at hand to throw over the
take fire relatively slowly burning substance or use them would and can be subdued by chemical fire shields to repel heat to
facilitate extinguishers. Magnesium, once approach to the burning material. alight, burns with a great degree of
Having taken these precautions Intensity in oxygen, nitrogen and do not stand under or carbon dioxide and the burning metal portions of the structure, but keep weak runs, the flame being very bright
at hand in positions affording some and somewhat terrifying to
protection such as arches, persons
beams, in the near vicinity.
concrete roofs or cellings. Thermite is considered to be the most-used constituent in an incen- diary bomb. It is n mixture of If o bomb penetrates the premises, metallic aluminium powder and iron assemble all available persons oxide and burns at a temperature of
rover the burning material with up to $3,500 degrees centigrade and sand or earth to minimise the burn- is ignited by a fuso on impact. The Ling effect and prevent it reaching fuse usually consists of a ribbon of other inflammable material; use long magnesium terminating in a ball of handled shovels to move fragments barium peroxide in contact with the of the burning material to a safe mixture.
place; do not use water or chemical fire extinguishers on
the burning material of the bomb as, this may cause an explosive effect, use sand scoops for throwing sond on portions. of the bomb material.
The
Thermite used without admixture with other incendiary material burns quickly and cannot be extinguished by orthodox means, water, chemicals or sand, owing to the presence of o::ygen in
iron-oxide. magnesium casing is ignited by the thermite, and to stay so spread of fire it is necessary to exclude, as far as possible, the surrounding air, Water, as a means of extinguishing burning magnesium would be useless and would possibly cause the spread-
ing of fire.
gan mask.
of
EXTINGUISHING FIRE
10
10
All fittings are standardized to enable the fire brigade to use the private services and vice versa.
FIRE POSTS' DUTY With these advantages in the matter of possession of good ap paratus coupled with good organisa- tlon, most of the premises, where
these appliances are Installed may be regarded as miniature fire stations, or fire posts, which, If manned by men of some training would be valu- able, not only for the protection of the particular premises they are installed, but to their less in which fortunate neighbours.
to be
The immediate measures taken should be the full overhaul of
the fire precautions already in force with these war risks especially in view, with the following objects: ling down to
1.-Reducing the fire-risk-by-cut
minimum the amount
be readily ignited by bombs, special of inflammable material which might attention being paid to spaces under roofs, and top noors having roofs of doubtful stability;
2. Organising regular fre drills with the staff, such drills being con- ducted by a person of some experi-
ence.
The size and number of the fire parties would naturally depend on a number of circumstances: area the premises cover, the height and num- ber of floors; type of construction of the building; nature of the materials to be handled stored; available means for dealing with cc.
-
8.03 Studio-Nura Kanis (Piano) playing Schumann's 'Carnaval”,
8.25 Marek Weber and His Or chestra.
Deutschmeister Regimental March (Jurek); Spring's Delight-March- Intermezzo (Ailbout); Mighty Lak' A Rose; The Rosary (Nevin); Salut D'Amour (Elkar); I Kiss Your Lips (Rudolphe): Where My Caravan Has Song (Molloy); Potpourri Of Waltzes, Rested (Lohr); Love's Old Sweet No. 3 (Robrecht).
8.55 London Relay-The Birthday Of Ills Majesty King George VI.
Salute of guns at the Tower of London, and # description of the scene, broadcast from the Tower of London.
Music.
9.10 London RelayMilitary Band 9.30 London Relay-The News. 9.50 Small Hotel (dim 'On Your Toca')
Dance Records. Fox-Trots-On, Your Toes; There's Jack Hylton and His Orchestra; Tangos-Punto Arenas (Codevilla);
A
MODE OF PROCEDURE The fire parties should consist of as many able-bodied persons as a be mustered under the charge of a responsible person. I will give A brief outline of their duties as I visualize what they should be on the sounding of an air raid warning.
Each party proceed to its allotted stations, say, two to three persons to one fire hydrant point; remove the hore from the box in which it is the floor immediately adjacent to the normally contained and
Jay it out on fre
hydrant connections; if fire pumps are pro- make the necessary and
vided, station one man, preferably W with electrical experience, to actuale the pump on receiving the signal; test the valve to note that it is work-San Fernando (Codevilla)....Heinz Ing freely and ready for use.
Huppertz and His Orchestra; Fox- See that
Trot I Need You; Novelty Fox-Trot ‹liberal·
ral supply of sand is and that further supplies are at hand Lying When I Said I Love Yo distributed over floors near the roof Dancing Moth...Jay Wilbur and His Band; Quick-Step-I Warn't in receptacles; see that water
re-Waltz-Oh, Mr. Man In The Moon.. ceptacles and chemical fre tinguishers are at hand to deal with Dance Tempo Orchestra.
Henry Jacques with His Correct fire on the Indammable attings of 4. Formation of and training fire the premises; see that the special parties with regular fire drills. By gear which is recommended to be mi At BL. George's" 1867-1937. this I mean systematic training in supplied, is actually on
The story of a London hall of en- keeping the employees familiar with ready for use; see that a messenger Written by Leatle Bally; producted
the spot
tertainment through seventy years. their particular duties and the places is at hand to report to the responsible where are may be expected to be person that are has broken out, with by Charles Brewer and broadcast in most serious. The greatest import-a brief description of same; awalt the opening of St. George's Hail, the seventieth anniversary year of ance should be paid to the matter developments by keeping in
a safe of giving facilities for the apparatus place, such as under arches, concrete originally the London Academy of to be handled and used as though beams, etc; if a fire gains headway German Reed Entertainments, and of
Music, subsequently the under actual Aire conditions. It will or
or it is apparent that be found that by regular training means will fall, call the fire brigade, and to-day the headquarters of the the Brst-aid Maskelyne and Devant's Mysteries, and drills the staff will rapidly be but, at the same time, realise that it B.B.C. Variety Department. come
confident and experienced in may be engaged elsewhere, therefore
The their duties.
the efforts must not be relaxed.
programme compered by Jasper Maskelyne and John Watt.'
11.15 Close Down.
3. Detailed Inspections of the fre aghting appliances provided and ad- fighting arrangements and the fire
ding to and Improving them to meet. the increased risks,
DRILLING EMPLOYEES
ASSISTANCE OFFERED
CX-
10.15 London Relay
Entertain-
the home of the
If it is apparent that these efforis will not succeed, call the fire brigade supplementary
5. Providing, wherever possible, water supplies in immediately,
Water and chemical fire extingui receptacle.
tanks, buckets or any convenient It is not the purpose of this lecture DAVENTRY PROGRAMMES shers may be used
lay down any hard and fast rule 6. Providing appliances to enable to cover any particular type of risk, 720 am. The DHC Empire Orchestra. extinguish fire which has been caused to inflammable attings, but it is very bombs from points where there will get out details of what can be 5.30 am. Round and about." the fire parties to remove incendiary but I hope that interested persons am. The Cheshire Cheese. inadvisable to use them directly on is Indaramable material, and sand, done in the matter of their own pre-5.40 menit News and Announcements. the incendiary material of the bomb.
and means of applying it, I will
tomises and forward proposed schemes. Big Den.
Greenwich Time Bignal at 4.45 .m now louch generally on fire hold the bombs in check. Again, it MULTIPLE BOMB
precautions and formation of anti- must be remembered
for fire protection and the formation Thermalloy, which contains sulphur, fre units in business and industrial must not be used directly
that water of fire units, when I will be pleased 10 am. Big Ben, Music in African Life. his 10-Bully and Bill Campbell and and burns more readily than ther- undertakings. I am sure you will bomb,
on the to advise or assist them on any un- 19.15 a.m.
Han Plantat by Nancy Welt (Austra mite la dificult to approach because all agree that fire precautions, Im-
foreseen maiter. I would again em- 1030 am. The Goddess Fortune,* Emergency measures for reducing phasize that the fire apparatus in- 11.30 am, The News and Announcements. of the sulphur-dioxide fumes given portant in normal times, are ren- Are risk are mainly a matter of installed in premises should, if the oc- 11.30am. Phil French, at the BBC Theatre off. You would probably require a dered immensely more important tensifying the precautions which casian demands, be used on adjoining
Greenwich Time Signal at 11.15 am. when the risks of war come to be should exist at normal times. Many property, it involved by fire.
Organ. Phosphorus and carbon-disulphide considered, for these call for special fires are caused by unnecessary nc-
4.55 p.m. Big Den. 'Palace of Variettes." when used as an Incendiary com- precautions which need not be con- pound also give off objectionable sidered in time of peace,
cumulation of rubbish
Before passli.g to the next part of, Recital by Hamid Lobb (Aus- improper the lecture I would draw your atten- 5.35 pm. The News and Announcements.
Plantat). fumes and the former is particularly
storage of materials which are sub- tion to the fact that leaflets which 5.83 pm, Empire Exchange. to be feared owing to the dimculty
Greenwich Time Signal at 5.45 p.m., WAR TIME RISKS
Ject to spontaneous combustion; bad you already have, show a list of 10 p.m. Senttish Songs, In extinguishing phosphorus in its
electrical wiring and fittings; over- Firstly, the risk of conflagrations heating of badly designed nuca: possess if any success is to be achiev-716 p.m. The BBC Welsh Orchestra.
essential articles a fire party should 6.43 pm. Big Ten, Sprites and Goblins.' dry state. Many of the unused yel- occurring is greatly increased. The overheated engine bearings; smoking exl, but the particular point I would 143 p.m. Reginald Porter-Brown; at the low phosphorus bombs, broken down most serious aspect being, of course, atter the great war, were respon- the dropping of incendiary bombs.
where smoking is prohibited; throw-draw your attention to is the ing sible for mysterious fires.
elgarette ends and glowing advantage, that having formed your Another type
There may also be the risk of in-
matches indiscriminately in total dis- fire parties, Inform the fire brigade or bomo, having cendiarism by enemy agents and, the regard of the proximity of inflam- of what has been done, with a view generally the same constituents as risk of fires occurring from accidental made material, the smaller ones. ls known as the couze is proportionately greater.
to close collaboration between the multiple bomb which, exploding on In pact, scattera portions of the bomb duced by the possibility of numerous
Secondly, a new factor
URGENT NECESSITY
responsible person of the fire parties In time of war, there is special fire brigade so that, in an emergency, and the responsible officers of the and further explosions distribute the outbreaks of fire occurring in wide need for vigilance, and in addition, each "fire post" may become an in- burning material over a fairly large spread localities at the same time. for specific mensures to minimise the
This alluation Tarely occurs in peace risk of incendiary bombs falling fire protection. This diagram shows a German time, but when it does, it absorbs among inflammable materials and
tegral unit of the whole scheme of type of scatter bomb said to contain all the existing peace-tline appliances setting the premises alight. Wherever will be suitable for the anti-fra post, 40 incendiary units which, when the Under air-raid conditions T
Here he have a hand pump which may there is Inflammable material which
(Continued on Page B.):
arca.
Intro-
toni.
Organ of the Forum Cinema, Southamp. (Continued on Page 5.)
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