6
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1937.
MAGADIAH" "CREWIRIES
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The
Tel. 27778-9
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, JULY 21, 1937.
POWERS AND THE
CHINA CRISIS
What has been taking place in the foreign chancellries of the) world in regard to the Sino- Japanese crisis can only be a matter for speculation. Such information as is available is of the most meagre character. Yet) the developments which are occurring in China at the mo- ment are of so grave a character as to deserve something more the than passing notice by nations which are bound to- gether by treaty to do all in their power to see that China's political and territorial integrity | is respected. Mr. Anthony Eden, Foreign Secretary, has an- nounced that Britain has been in communication with the United States and France; two of the signatories of the Nine- Power Treaty, both of whom have expressed their concern over the North China situation and their hopes of a peaceful settlement. But if the Nine- Power Treaty is of any value whatever, it would seem that something more tangible than such expressions is called for. By the terms of that pact, as we have previously had occasion to point out, provision is made for full and frank communica- tion between the signatories when any situation arises, which, in the opinion of any one of them, threatens to jeopardise
FAIR PLAY for
L
ORD NOEL-BUXTON re- cently placed upon the Tablo of the House of Lords what may easily become an historic Motion upon the whole question of Native Races- That"This flouse, in view of diver- genetes in native policy now develop- ing in different parts of his Minjesty'a Dominions and Dependencies, be- lleves that the time has arrived for the Imperial Conference to formu- late such poliep in broad outline with a view to protecting the rights and promoting the advancement of all races of the Empire, whatever may be their religion or colour, and that such policy should be based upon the principle of Trusteeship."
The time has come for the Imperial Conference to do some clear thinking, and lay down some broad lines of native policy to be pursued through- out the British Empire.
The confusion in polley is howhere more apparent than in The southern parts of Africa.
Within regions south of the Troples there
nbout are 10.000,000 British native sub- icato and British "protected" IRLITCH.
Of these, 5,000,000 have been told that because of the colour of their skins they can never uspire to become civilised men and eltizens in their own coun- try; the other 5,000,000 nalives outside the Union have been ollielally assured in treaties and ocial documents that British fundamental polley will tolerate no discrimination based upon either race, creed or colour.
Another glaring confusion in policy is to be found with re- This confusion is gard to land, called the two "Heresies."
The Kenya settler dubs as "heresy" the land system of West Africa. This "heresy" consists forsooth in the pro- clamation that all the land is vested in the people, and that the Governor in his capacity of Trustee can never nilenate the
نا
"The colour of the kin alone to decide whether t African may become a man."
AN
the Diamond
Britain's
Black
Subjects
·by-
SIR JOHN HARRIS
peoples' land except within the circumference of native law and enstom; thus is prevented the alienation-for all time-of the freehold.
West Africa retorts to Kenya by calling their land system the "Kenya heresy," namely that ownership of land is never vested in the native people, only In the white emigrants.'
The dizzy confusion that these conflicting land systems create in the native mind is ad- mitted, and the ethical conflict is obvious.
*
African
The economic accompani- ment to the application of these two widely conflicting "heresies"
in seen
the abounding prosperity which at- taches to the West "heresy," and in the staggering debt which laangs like a mill- stone round the neck of the Kenya administration- debt which far exceeds the total debts of all the British Crown Colonies in Africo put together.
A third and even more hope- less confusion is to be found in the varying systems of native taxation.
In some parts of the British Empire there is no direct taxa- tion at all. In other territories, conditions have been unfolded for us in full and authentic detail by Sir Alan Pim, whose examination of the economic situation in Kenya, Basutoland and Swaziland makes together appalling reading; while the Nyasaland Government Report tells a story of taxation as tragic as any in British colonial history.
Then there is the pass system. which is driving to prison every year tens of thousands of the best sons of British Africa.
In Southern Rhodesia alone last year 20,000 natives were convicted of breaches of the pass laws, of the provisions of
the
which they were almost com- pletely ignorant.
there Here
is again most confounded confusion.
In some
parts of British Africa the native can walk where he will in his own land, he can work at what he can do best, he can go to bed when he likes, and he can get up and go out when he likes.
Yet his brother across the border, often of the same tribal stock, can neither walk abroad, nor take a job, nor walk on the paths (the cost of which he has shared), nor be out after nine o'clock at night or before Ave o'clock in the morning, nor entertain a visitor. even though he be a relative, without a pass or a permiti
Wherever the system obtains controlling the movement of the native in his own country by passes and permits, the Press, the Courts and Mission- ary terature tell of the suf- fering which the system im poses on the natives,
Only the other day there was reported a case in South Africa of a native who. In his anguish at hts wife's illness. was forgetful that the curfew hour for nativea had passed, and ran out to fetch a doctor to his suffering wife.
The police saw him running for the doctor and promptly haled him off to the prisen cell for the night,
his during which
wife breathed her last-and he was merely informed that his wife was dead.
Happily, the picture of British- controlled Africa is not all dark, for there are indeed many bright spots within the circumference DI this welter of confusion.
From Freetown to the Niger Delta romance, contentment and prosperity jostle each other for the minds of pre-eminence in 22,000,000 people.
In the East, Tanganyika and
OFFICE BOY
side street, small-shop Jublice, "fags" were
Uganda, with their 7,000,000* natives, are following fast in the wake of West African happiness. and prosperity.
On the other hand, Kenya and Nyasaland, with their 4,000,000 natives, and the territories south, with their 19,000,000 people, are driven helplessly along their con-- fused and poverty-stricken way, endeavouring to meet taxation they can never pay.
The Nynanland Report gave in- stances of native villages where. if the whole carnings of the people, coupled with the market value of their entire produco for twelve months, were given to the tax-gatherer, tho yourly totai would be short by nearly £6,000 of the taxes demanded
Deplorable though the position may be of the 12,000,000 Negroes in the United States of America, their economie conditions are in- comparably higher than thost which obtain amongst the 10,000,000 natives south of tropical Africa.
It is estimated that the Negrocs in the USA. own more than £500,000,000. they own more than 1,000,000 farma, they conduct 60,000 substantial businesses, some of which employ thousands of Ne-- grocs nud hundreds of white men. In the South African political sphere, 5,000,000 nitives, and 000.000 half-caste children, have just been told once again, in strident tones, that they can never
to become be allowed citizens, no matter to what civil- ised scale they may attain.
Mr. Pirow, the Minister of. Defence, speaking at Winburg on May 8, asserted that Kenya and other African colonies were looking to South Africa to lead the Con- tinent in native policy.
This, he indicated, they were quite prepared to do-and their polley was A "White Africa south of the equator" "White supremacy," and for the natives "never political or social equality."
Thus the South African may labour as a helot, his wife and daughters may be allowed social equality only in the production of half-caste children, but otherwise. as pointed out by Mr. Piet Grobler at Pretoria in December lust. "there can 吧 no equality in Church or State between white and black."
Not character, not capacity, but the colour of the skin, is alone to. deelde whether the African may become a man,
Thus Lord Noel-Buxton is raising an Empire issue as grave as the one raised by his great grandfather, when, on May 15, 1823, he first moved In Parliament for the emancipation of the slaves.
-To-day's Thoughts
I THINK there is only one ideal that the British Em- pire can set before itself in this regard, and that is that there should be no barriers of race, colour or creed which should prevent any man by merit from reaching any
he is Alled for it.
MR. WINSTON CHURCHILL. at the Conference of Pre- miers, June 21, 1921.
station !!!
THERE can be no equality in Church or State between While and Black.
MR. P. G. W, GROBLER. the Minister of Native Affairs in South Africa, Pretoria, December, 1030.
LOOKS BACK
And so there were countless cups of
China's sovereignty. Mr. Eden, DURING
Week of Queen Victoria a cer- vice to be indulged in surreptitiously. tea and cocon made in the "elerk's their batters once a week nowadays
тудя
"dress the
How many business men call in ai
in the same speech as that in which he referred to consulta-tain small boy sat on a very high Golf and photography were expen-rooms" over a gas-ring or an oil stove to have their silk topper ironed and stool at an equally high desk in a sive hobbies, but the success of the (or on the boss's fire if he was sale- curled-that is, if they even possess. tion with the United States and George Street office for the first time, pneumatic tyre had made the cycle ly "out of town") and sometimes, one? Yet this was the regular cus- the door "back at 4.30" and dis-One fears that the Bar-if I may be France, anid Britain had been and now, after forty years of stools everyman's means of quick and easy greatly daring, we pinned a notice to tom amongst many in those days. to allowed to say so-is the only pro- onca appeared down to the Gardens assured by both Japan and and desks, perhaps these recollec-transport.
fession left who really One suited one's appetite to one's tions of Edinburgh office-life in those China that the troop movements early days may be of some interest purse, so let me recall zeven favourite bear the bond.
shops whose speclalitles were un- They were wonderful places, too, part," as one can still see well-cut taking place were purely pre- and revive memories in others.
those poky, little "clerks' rooms," in black coats, neatly rolled umbrellas, cautionary and defensive, and An apprentice in those days usual-equalled in those days amongst us.
Blair's Restaurant for pinin Scots many cases merely part of the boss's and smart bowlers adorning the ad- that there
no intentionty received £10, £15, and £20 dur-
Mound to-day. M'Dowell's scenes, whatever of starting hostilities.ing the first three years of ble train-cookies and sandwiches, Sawers' plain room partitioned off, or dingy attles vocates as they go up and down the
currant up long, narrow stairs. Edinburgh ingin some cases even less and soda
Ram- had a large number of une-clerk In these days of office-telephone ex- The assurance may be
a re-assistant cashiers were lucky to re- bricks, Vallance's mutton pics ont- mms (and no doubt has still) and changes, rapid typing, duplicating.
coffee buns, Craig's thick presentation of the facts so far celve £65, while qualified lawyers say's, and hole's thick Abernethy the salary was small, one certainly adding and card-indexing machines, as China is concerned, but we and chartered accountants could be cakes, and can hardly imagine Mr. Eden easily secured for £100 per annum and cabin biscuits. I hope no pre- learned one's trade well in the varied it is almost linpossible to realise how sent-day opulent clty men are asham-practice afforded by being the boss's peaceful the inside atmosphere of an 1897-1000,
office was 40 years ago, let alone the in the years placing the same interpretation
But how vastly important a junior ed to recall those simple dainties of right-hand
many of these litio omfees outside trafic noise compared with on the movements of Japanese clerk felt as he walked up and down their junior-clerking days?
an the Mound to the Law Courts with a 1 ventured into Gow's coffee-house grim Grub Street fight was waged present conditions. forces. Yet there seems
when bundle of legal documents in his in Rose Sirect to sample their famous against professional poverty, with an ever-present tendency
Micawber atmosphere crises arise to accept Japan's hand, and how ostentatiously he dis-roast-beef sandwiches one day, and endless struggle to make genteel ends
still recall the crowd of stout, meet, amidst played the red-tape to all boholdersl explanations at their face valuo
And how could he help feeling im-weather-beaten old cabbles, sitting of "walling for something to turn up. or, at least, by the absence of portant in all the glorious discomfort there "reglar Tony Vellers," all of Yes, there were many "square pegs
them pudding
be met with and dismal feliures, explanations, stiff collar and
call. Rather does one remember, comment on such expression plus a bowler hat, and a whiunghice- tard from which thing basin of mut- too, whom one does not what the
canel One hid the cults in the desk Into all their courses!
gladly, those others who saved up that they are so accepted. By on all possible occasions, I admit, but
Apart from wine merchants, licen- their scanty shillings, studied hard no stretch of the Imagination think of the three-inch collar, you sed grocers, hotels, and restaurants, and made good eventually in other
flannel-trousered, hotless there were at least twenty-five pub-spheres of life. Can Japan's military activity in hoppy,
lic-houses within ten minutes walk China within the past week be youths of to-day!
regarded as purely defensive. Secret Smokes In actual fact, It is provocative,
But if pocket-money was scanty, and is obviously intended to frighten China into aurrender, ono really needed very little after all, In the League of Nations As-as there were no plcture-houses, and sembly some few years back,
Within
man.
of Hanover Street, and they all did a Old Ways Preferred
flourishing trade; but how much of
Half-Hour for Lunch
How many present-day suburban ters" on the Stock Exchange in those was real palmy days when there cash accounts began with little "Aut
Vallambrosas, Chartereds, money to be made out of Arizonas,
burgh favourites and one could buy ples-to name but er is, and John-
20 shares without the broker looking! daggers at you.
There were keen politicians in every ofco
church then, while Hierary societies and the Boys' Bri-
for gade provided, outlets social energy for many
In another vein there were some
the
this was due to the legal, insurance,
Typewriters were almost unknown Arst-class musical evenings in connec- and accounting professions is, "an-in 1897, and loose-leaf ledgers and ton with various artistle and musi-
Aling systems
were carbon-copy
cal clubs which recall, delightful other story!"
taboo in all the best firms. Even 10-
of memories
Forrests and day the old-fashioned wet letter-book Richardsons, Harry Gamley, Grant (which was the first job an office-boy Stevenson, R. C. H. Morison, J. T. It must be remembered that prac- tackled) stands unequalled, while Adair, Millar Craig, Lealle Curtis, fruitless efforts were made to foreign soil would constitute) define aggression. The most aggression. That is the position tically no one went home for lunch loose-leaf ledgers and minute-books Ballard Brown, and George Campbell- In those days the lunch interval was are frowned upon to-day in the to name but a few-with old John reallatie proposal emanated from in which Japan is found innover more than half an hour-and Courts without supporting evidence. Henry Cooke, or that culsine expert, M. Litvinoff, who sought to China to-day. The plty of it is it la intereating to recall that many of Apart from the Bar and the Stage | R. H. Christle, in the chair, reduce the definition to simple that the nations of the world had their dinner brought from their business man to be seen in 1900, and now, I wonder? Forty years and on? the merchants around that quarter there was scarcely a cleon-shaven Do these names stir any old bones language. His idea was that the have never acon fit to adopt houses in a basket by their message then soft fell hat was considered a Yes. There's gladness in remem-
uninvited presenco of this plain and straightforward boys, from as far as Newington,
Daniel J. MArthur - armed forces of a nation on 'definition of aggressive conduct. Joppa, Flewlands, and Murrayfield.
mere
Bohemian and even anarchistic form | brance!" of headgear.
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