THE HONGKONG Telegraph, WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1937.
MALAYAN BREWERIES
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The
Tel. 27778-9
Hongkong Telegraph.
WEDNESDAY, July 21, 1937,
POWERS AND THE
CHINA CRISIS
What has been taking place in the foreign chancellries of the world in regard to the Sino- Japanese crisis can only be a matter for speculation. Such information as is available is of the most meagre character. Yet the developments which are occurring in China at the mo- ment are of so grave a character as to deserve something more the than passing notice by nations which are bound to- gether by treaty to do all in their power to see that China's political and territorial integrity is respected. Mr. Anthony Eden. [ Foreign Secretary, has an-i nounced that Britain has been in communication with the United States and France, two of the signatories of the Nine- Power Treaty, both of whom have expressed their concern over the North China situation and their hopes of a peaceful Nettlement. But if the Nint Power Treaty is of any value whatever, it would seem that (something more tangible than such expressions is called for.) By the terms of that pact, as we have previously had occasion to point out, provision is made for full and frank communica- tion between the signatories when any situation arises which, in the opinion of any one of them, threatens to jeopardise
FAIR
ORD NOEL-BUXTON re-
cently placed upon the
Lords what may easily become an historic Motion upon the whole question of Native Races— That"This House, in view of diver pencies in nutive policy now develop- ing in different parts of his Majesty's Dominions and Dependencies, de- ilcres that the time has arrived jor the Imperial Conference to formu- Inte such policy in broad outline with a view to protecting the rights and promoting the advancement of all races of the Empire, whatever may be their religion or colour, and that such policy should be based upon the principle of Trusteeship."
The time has come for the Imperial Conference to do some clear thinking. and lay down some broad lines of native polley to be pursued through- out the British Empire.
The confusion in polley is nowhere more apparent than in the southern parts of Africa,
Within regions south of the Tropics there are about 10,000,000 British native sub- lecta and British "protected " natives,
Of these, 5,000,000 have been told that because of the colour of their 'skins they can never aspire to become civilised men and citizens in their own coun- try; the other 5,000,000 natives outside the Union have been officially assured in treatles and official documents that British fundamental policy will tolerate no discrimination based upon elther race, creed or colour.
Another glaring confusion in policy is to be found with re- gard to land. This confusion is called the two "Heresies."
The Kenya settler dubs as "heresy" the land system of
heresy West Africa. This consists forsooth in the pro- clamation that all the land is vested in the people, and that the Governor in his capacity of Trustee can never allenate the
"The colour of the skin 15 alone to decide whether tha African may become a man.
URING
PLAY for
Britain's
Black
Subjects
by.
SIR JOHN HARRIS
peoples' land except within the circumference of native law and custom: thus is prevented the allenation-for all time-of the freehold,
West Africa retorts to Kenya by calling their land system the "Kenyn heresy," namely-that ownership of land is never vested in the native people, only In the white emigrants.
that
The dizzy confusion these conflicting land systems create in the native mind is ad- mitted, and the ethical conflict is obvious.
The
seen
economic accompani ment lo the application of these
widely conflicting two
111 "heresles"
the abounding prosperity, which at- taches to the West African "heresy." and in the staggering debt which hangs like a mill- stone round the neck of the Kenya administration--a debt which far exceeds the total debts of all the British Crown Colonies in Africa put together,
A third and even more hope- less confusion is to be found in the varying systems of native taxation,
In some parts of the British Empire there is no direct taxa- tlon at all. In other territories. conditions have been unfolded for us in full and authentie detail by Sir Alan Pim, whose examination of the economic situation in Kenya, Basutoland and Swaziland makes together appalling reading; while the Nyasaland Government Report tells a story of taxation as tragic as any in British colonial history.
Then there is the pass system. which is driving to prison every year tens of thousands of the best sons of Brit!h Africa.
In Southern Rhodesia alone. last year 20,000 natives were convleted of breaches of the pass laws, of the provisions of
which they were almost com- pletely ignorant.
Here again there is the most confounded confusion.
In some parts of British Africa the native can walk where he will in his own land. he can work at what he can do best. he can go to bed when he likes, and he can get up and go out when he likes.
same
Yet his brother across the
of border, often
the tribal stock, can neither walk abroad, nor take a job, nor walk on the paths (the cost of which he has shared), nor be out after nine o'clock at night or before five o'clock in the morning, nor entertain n visitor, even though he be a relative, without a pass or a permit!
Wherever the system obtains controlling the movement of the native in his own country by pastes and permits, the Press, the Courts and Mission- ary literature tell of the suf- fering which the system in- poses on the natives.
Only the other day there was reported a case in South Africa of a native who. It bis anguish at his wife's Bluess. was forgetful that the curfew hour for natives had passed, and ran out to fetch a doctor to his suffering wife.
The police saw him running for the doctor and promptly linked him off to the prison cell for the his wife which night during
was breathed her last--and he merely informed that his wife was dead,
Happily, the pleture of British- Africa is not all dark. for there are indeed many bright spots within the circumference of this weiter of confusion.
From Freetown to the Niger Deka romance, contentment and prosperity jostle each other for minds of pre-eminence in the 22.000,000 people.
In the East. Tanganyika and
Uganda, with thetr 7,000,000 natives, are following fast in the wake of West African happiness and prosperity.
On the other hand, Kenya and Nyasaland, with their 4,000,000 natives, and the territories south, with their 10,000,000 people, are driven helplessly along their con- fused and poverty-stricken way. endeavouring to micet taxation they can never pay.
The Nyasaland Report gave in- stances of native vilinges where.
the whole earnings of the people, coupled with the market value of their entire produce for twelve months, were given to the tux-gatherer, the yearly total would be short by nearly £5,000 at the taxes demanded!
O
Deplorable though the position may be of the 12.000.000 Negroes in the United States of Amerten. their economic conditions are in- those comparably higher than which obtain amongst the 10,000,000 natives south of tropical Africa.
It is estimated that the Negroes in the USA. own more than £500,000,000, they own more thin 1,000,000 farms, they conduct 60,000 substantial businesses, some of which employ thousands of Ne- groes and hundreds of white men." In the South African political. sphere, 5,000,000 natives, and 600.000 half-enste children, have just been told once again, in they can strident tones, that never be allowed to become citizens, no matter to what civi) – ised scale they may attain.
Mr. Pirow, the Minister of Defence, speaking at Winburg on May 0, asserted that Kenya and ather African colonies were looking to South Africa to lead the Con- tinent in nutive policy.
Thla, he indicated, they were quite prepared to do-and their polley Was 12
"White Africa south of the equator," "White supremacy," and for the natives "never pollitcal or social equality."
Thus the South African may labour as a helot, his wife and daughters may be allowed spelal equality only in the production of half-caste children, but otherwise, as pointed out by Mr. Piet Grobler at Pretoria In December Inst. there can be no equality in Church or State between white and
black."
Not character, not capacity, but the colour of the skin, is alone to decide whether the, African may become a man,
Thus Lord Noel-Buxton is raising an Empire issue as grave as the one raised by his great grandfather. when, on May 15, 1823, he first the moved in Parliament for emancipation of the slaves.
-To-day's Thoughts-
THINK there is only one idcat that the Dritish Em- pire can set before itself in this regard, and that is that there should be no barriers of race, colour or creed which should prevent any man by merit from reaching any station if he is Aited for it. -MR, WINSTON CHURCHILL, at the Conference of Pre- miers, June 21, 1021.
THERE can be no equality in Church or State between White and Black,
-MR. P. G, W. GROBLER. the Minister of Native Affairs in South Africa. Pretoria. December, 1936.
AN OFFICE BOY LOOKS BACK
Jubilee, "faga" were a side street, small-shop Diamond the
And so there were countless cups of
How many business men call in at
presentation of the facts so far assistunt cushlers were lucky to re bricks, Vallance's mutton pies, Ram- had a large number of one-clerk changes, rapld typing, duplicating,
ters"
for, at least, by the absence of partant in all the glorious discomfort there "reg'lor Tony Vellers," all of Yes, there were masmal failures. nlca-to name but a few old Edin-
China's sovereignty. Mr. Eden, DE
Week of Queen Victoria a cer- vice to be indulged in surreptitiously. tea and coroa made in the "clerk's their hatters once a week nowadays in the same speech as that in
Yet this was the regular cus- which he referred to consulta-tain small boy sat on a very high Golf and photography were expen-rooms" over u gas-ring or an oil stove to have their sill topper ironed and
of town") and sometimes, one? tion with the United States and stool at an equally high desk in a sive hobbles, but the success of the (or on the boss's fire if he was safe curled-that is, if they even possess
George Street office for the first time, pneumatle tyre had made the cycle ly "out
the door "back at 4.30" and dis- One fears that the Bar-if I may be France, said Britain had been and now, after forty years of stools everyman's incuns of quick and easy greatly daring, we pinned a notice to tom amongst many in those days. to allowed to say so-ls the only pro- One suited one's appetite to one's appeared down to the Gardens
fession left who really "dress the assured by both Japan and and desks, perhaps these recollec- Iransport.
tions of Edinburgh ofce-life in those China that the troop movements early days may be of some interest purse, so let me recall seven favourite hear the band.
hops whose specialities were un- They were wonderful places, too, part," as one can still see well-cut binck coats, neatly rolled umbrellas, those poky, little "clerk rooms," in taking place were purely pre- and revive memories in others. cautionary and defensive, and An apprentice in those days usual-equalled in those days amongst us.
Blair's Restaurant for plain Scots many cases merely part of the boss's and smart bowlers adorning the ad- that there was ΠΟ intention received £10, £15, and £20 dur-
scones, M'Dowell's currant up long, narrow stairs. Edinburgh Mound to-day.
In these days of office-telephone ex- whatever of starting hostilities, ing the first three years of his train- cookies and sandwiches, Sawers' plain room partitioned off, or dingy attics vocates as they go up and down the
be a re-ing-in some cases even less-and soda The assurance may
Arms find no doubt has still) and it ceive £85,
05, while qualified lawyers ay's coffee buns, Craig's thick oai- as China is concerned, but we and chartered accountants could be cakes, and Hook's thick Abernethy the salary was small, one certainly adding and card-indexing machines, can hardly imagine Mr. Eden easily secured for £100 per annum and cabin biscuits. I hope no pre-learned one's trade well in the varied it is almost impossible to reailse how sent-day opulent city men are asham- practice afforded by being the boss's peaceful the inside atmosphere of an office was 40 years ago, let alone the In the years 1807-1008.
man. placing the same interpretation
But how vastly important a juniored to recall those simple dainties of right-hand
Within many of these 16 offices outside traffic noise compared with on the movements of Japanese clerk felt as he walked up and down their junior-clerking days?
How many present-day suburban I ventured into Gow's coffee-house grim Grub Street fight was waged present conditions. a forces. Yet there
Law Courts with seems an the Mound to the Law
in his in Rose Street to sample their famous "galest professional poverty, with an when bundle of legal documents
on the Stock Exchange in those ever-present tendency
hand, and how ostentatiously he dis-roast-beef sandwiches one day, and endless struggle to make genteel-ends cash accounts begon with little "Blut-
still erises arise to accept Japan's played the red-tape to all beholdera! recall the crowd of stout, meet, amidst a Micawber atmosphere
palmy days when there was real And how could he help feeling im- weather-beaten old cabbles, sitting of "waiting for something to turn up, money to be made out of Arizonas. square pes Vallambrosas, Chartereds, and John explanations at their face value
to be mel with and
burgh favourites and one could buy comment on such explanations, of a three-inch stiff collar and cuffs, them--and the pudding busin' of mus-
enil. Rather does one remember, gindly, those others who saved up to give an outward impressionplus a bowler hat, and a whanghee tard from which they ladled spoonfuls too, whom one does not wish to re-
cane! One hid the cuffs in the desk into all their courses! By on all possible occasions, I admit, but
Apart from wine merchants, licen- that they are so accepted.
their scanty shillings, studied hard to stretch of the imagination think of the three-inch collar, you sed grocers, hotels, and restaurants, and made good eventually in other
Bannel-trousered, hatless there were at least twenty-five pub- spheres of lite. cán Japan's military activity in happy,
Be-houses within ten minutes walk youths of to-day! China within the past week be
In another vein there were some regarded as purely defensive. Secret Smokes
first-cings musical evenings in connec- In actual fact, it is provocative.
But if pocket-money was scanty,
tion with various artistle and musi and is obviously intended to
carbon-copy Aling systems were cal clubs which recall delightful frighten China into aurrender.one really needed very little after all,
taboo in all the best Arms. Even to memories of the Forrests and day the old-fashioned wel letter-book Richardsons, Harry Gamley, Grant In the League of Nations Asas there were no pleture-houses, and
(which was the frat job un office-boy Stevenson, R. C. H. Morleon, J. T. sembly some few years back,
It must be remembered that prac-tackled) ite
stands unequalled, while Adair, Millar Craig, Lealle Curtis, fruitless efforts were made to foreign soil would
Campbell and George The most aggression. That is the position tically no one went home for lunch loose-leaf ledgers and minute-books Ballard Brown, define aggression.
in those days--the lunch Interval was | are frowned upon to-day in the to name but a few-with old John realistic proposal emanated from in which Japan is found in never more than half an hour-and Courts without supporting evidence. Henry Cooke, or that culsine expert,
Apart from the Bar and the Stage R. H. Christle, in the chair. M. Litvinoff, who sought to Chinn to-day. The pity of it is it is interesting to recall that many of
Do these names stir any old bones reduce the definition to simple that the nations of the world the merchants around that quarter there was scarcely clean-shaven language. His idea was that the have never seen fit to adopt hour diner brought from the business than to be seen in 1900, and now, I wonder? Forly years and on? houses in a basket by their message- then soft felt hat was considered a Yes. There's gladness in temem- uninvited presence
of this plain and straightforward boys, from as for as Newington, | Bohemjan and even anarchistic form brancel
of headgear.
Daniel J. M'Arthur armed forces of a nation on definition of aggressive conduct.' Joppa, Piewlands, and Murrayfield.
more
.
consi
of Hanover Street, and they all did a Old Ways Preferred
flourishing trade; but how much of
this was due to the legal, Insurance, Typewriters were almost unknown and accounting professions is, "nin 1897, and loose-leaf ledgers and other story!"
Half-Hour for Lunch
daggers at you. 20 shares without the broker looking
There were keen politicians in every office then, while church literary societies and the Boys' Bri- gade provided outlets for social energy for many,