THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7 1987.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7, 1937.
MOTORISTS AND MANSLAUGHTER
The question of whether a motorist guilty of dangerous driving, from which a death results, Is thus nccessarily guilty of manslaughter, was the issue which
came before the House of Lords recently during the hearing of an appeal which involved. this particular point. As the matter is one which affects public-interest-in-regard➜ to the whole question of man- slaughter, it was intimated that a full statement of the views of the Judges is to be raade later. However, their Lordships, in giving a decision, stated that reckless driving would be clearly dangerous, but there might be some types of dangerous driving
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FLYING is once again News The world is watching the test, flights of the new Imperial Airways 18-ton flying boats, designed for a trans-Atlantic service. The days of stunt air ddventure are over...
One method proposed for starting planes off across the Atlantic, by gluing them a "lift" on the top of
a bigger plane, is here illustrated,
All Aboard for the
ATLANTIC!
HILE madcap, daring flyers are taking chance flights across the Atlantic, risking their lives in defiance of weather reports and gipsies' warnings and the like, blazing the trail for those who are to come, the big commercial companies are quietly making behind-the-scenes pre- parations for Atlantio crossings which shall pay their way.
It's all very well to get up at dawn, with outjutting chin, and make a dash across the 1,800- miles of Western Ocean in a hero-hop, but to people like Imperial Airways and the like the trips have got to pay.
Payload, payload, payload, That is the question. Anyone .can take umpteen gallons of petrol for a joyride, as a dying expert put it to me recently, but If a regular Atlantic service is going to be opened it has got to be worth while commercially,
It is not even a matter of size. Give me the engines and the money, and I'll put wings on the Queen Mary and fly direct to Hong Kong," the expert told me, when I expressed amateurish wonder that it was possible to get these new big airliners into the air at all.
E
of
Lighteen, tons deadweight lifted sheer from the water by means of pushing the air about! That is what it amounts
to.
But the Pan-American people have a forty-tonner on the stocks, and Imperial Airways are blue- printing a hundred-tonner.
If you get a chance to go down- to Croydon and stand underneathi the wings of a ten-tonner or a Dfteen-tonner, do so, and then try to imagine what a hundred-ton plane is going to look like.
EL G. Wells' iden is not so far ahead to-day. Maybe you saw *Things to Come," with aeroplanes
by:
EDWARD
CARR
with wings atṛetched over acres. It will not be so very long-if war doesn't direct our civil.re- scarch in aviation into a more sinister direction-before you actually see planes like that zooming across the horizon.
How is the Atlantic crossing to be made to pay as a commercial -proposition? Come with me-up- the River Medway, to the head- quarters of one of the most go- Sahead of the neroplane builders. Pass through the gates, by a num- ber of large sheds humming with. activity and crowded with men working overtime-Imperial Air- ways have just given them a hum- dinger of an order (29 Empire ay- ' ing bosts at about £40,000-my guess-cach)--to the largest shed of all.
IN
N one of the far corners -is-a-long-low-monoplane, almost ugly from its squatness. Its peculiar point, to an amateur, is the barrel-shaped petrol tank which goes from one end of the wing to the other.
That's the plane which is going to start the Atlantic Air Service.
That plane, which will be so
What Is The Lie
N Chicago recently a condemned man asked to have his guilt or Innocence established by means of the "lie detector." His request was granted, but the machine merely con- Armed the previous finding of the Court, and the execution duly took place.
The earliest form
heavily loaded with petrol that it cannot rise from the ground by its own power, is going to be holsted into the air on top of another bigger plane-one of the Empire flying-boats, spe- cially fitted.
One of the main worries about long-distance. flying is that you have to carry so much petrol that rising from the ground in both difficult and dangerous.
That is why your favourite newspaper always sends its air correspondent to the flying-fold when a big flight is about to start -there is always a chance that the plane won't 'clear the hedge, and if it doesn't, the resulting flare-up with all that petrol aboard will be worth spreading across two columns on the front page.
NCE up in the mig it is safe. And that is why this plane' will be holsted into the blue on , the back of the big fellow. The two pilota will bo in telephone OK. touch. No. 1, on top, says: Harry." No. 2 Pilot says, "O.K. BI
Good luck. Bring me back with you, and presses relcase levers.
Down swoops the big fellow, 'and' on goes the little fellow-bearing half a ton of payload in his cabin -first stop Newfoundland.
How can it be made to pay? Well, first class malt (letters and small parcels and-such like) runs about 36 letters to the pound
right.
She can carry roughly 1,000lb. The cost-rough figures, worked out from hasty calculation -of the crossing is about 3a, a lb. total load,
The fast plane, working in the higher altitudes for speed and
Detector?
of lie detector of science, may lie with utter ecol- was the word association test, whichness. But the lie detector finds him required no other apparatus than a out just the same.
The very latest form of Be detector stop watch. The test was based on association of ideas. A list of words achieves the same end as the others was read to a sublect, some relating subjects to tell the truth and nothing In a more direct way-by: foreing to a specific incident say, a crime, but the truth. Scopolamine is a and some having no significance. drug made from henbane. The subject was required to reply to
came into his mind.
was added that a person might be guilty of dangerous driving without achieving such a degree of negligence as to entitle a jury AS❘ to convict him of manslaughter. On the other hand, if there was both dangerous and reckless driving, it would, without doubt, be manslaughter. Tho. lesson from this ruling is. that motor- ists should realise the risks that they take when tempted to do Grenadier Guards. anything which might be con- strued either as reckless or dan- gerous driving, or both. Quite Grenadier Guards.
easily, they might, in certain Sir Henry Wood. circumstances, find that they Queen's Hall Orch. have committed
3.TL offence which involves imprisonment. Debroy Somers Band. instead of 1 fine. Another B.B.C. Orch. point which was stressed by the ........Geraldo's Orch. Judges in the case under notice .Finch And Orch. was an expression of regret that
What exactly is a "He detector"? .Fillis Novelty Orch, Magistrates often do not take
Into account the serious nature The answer is that there are several. the test word with the fast word that to affect certain areas of the
was discovered, by .Debroy Somers.
chance, by Dr. of the offence of dangerous The particular lie detector used in
R. E. House, of Texas. The part of driving if, in fact, no injury
the case instanced, and the one which The length of time taken to re- the brain affected. It was further in generally meant, is the Invention pond was measured by a stop watch, discovered, is the part which controis actually occurs. In the view of
of Professor Leonard Keeler. Its The normal reaction time, according our lylag powers. Persons under the Judges, this is a great mis-
sclestine name is the Keeler Poly the subject's reaction time was capable of lying, no matter how to psychologists, is 24 seconds. If the influence of the drug are in- ICE HOUSE ST. take, for the simple reason that graph.
the offence against the State la The machine measures fluctuations longer, it was taken to means that he much may depend on their ability to
was afraid to answer with the first tell a convincing, but false, story just as great whether there hapin blood pressure. A cuff is attached
word which occurred to him, because Scopolamine has been tried on in- pens to be anybody round the to the subject's upper arm, and con- it would reveal his guilty knowledge, nocent persons as well as on those
stant pressure of the cuff is main-an corner or whether thero docs
and that he was hunting shout for charged with crimes. It has been tained by inflation. Changes in puise not. In the one case, where in-
It found that people may be induced to rate and blood pressure are indicated another, more harmless, word.
was noted that guilty persons gener-"Confess" to things which they them. jury occurs, the driver would be by, a graph traced on an unwinding ally chose an out-of-the-way word selves, when in a normal state, had paper reel. The subject's normal which an innocent person would not forgotten. In other words, the drug Hable to a long term of impri-
blood pressure and rate of pulse are connect with the test word.
can
light facts and in bring to sonment; in the other, he might
noted before the test proper begins.
eldents which have Another lle detector is the psycho-stored in the subconscious-for no- get off lightly, although the
remained Allowance is also made for fear or
long nervousness. offence was exactly the same.
galvanometer, invented by Father W. G. Summers, of Fordham Univer-
er body ever
forgets anything really This is a point which might well The subjest is first of all asked sity. The subject holds a small block Scopolamine, unfortunately for the be kept in mind locally, because casual questions having no relations of metal, and a slight electric colentific criminologist, is a danger
to the crime with which he is charged. current is passed through his body. ous drug. It is incalculable in there have been many instances
Then questions connected with the A dial registers the fluctuations of the effects. The normal dose is 1/120th reported here in which the ab- erline, are interjected. Time subject's resistance to the current part of a grain; but a dose of 1/100th sence of injury to pedestrians allowed between each question for the The usual test questions are asked, part of a grain may kill an abnormal and others has been solely due blood pressure to return to normal. some castial and some significant. subject, or may have no effect. to the fortunate circumstance
Innocent persons who have.
When allowed
the subject lies It'
is therefore highly doubtful if themselves to be tested by the lie that he perspires, and the sweat on tensively in the investigation of scopolamine will ever be used ex- that the road at a given point delector, and who have attempted the palms reduces the resistance to rely round a hairpin bend happened to deceive it on trivial matters, have. the electric current, a phenomena to be clear; "otherwise, serious
claimed that the machine Ands them which is duly raistered on the dial out every time. Dy harm would undoubtedly have, resulted. The whole tendency Forced To Confess of the Courts at Home is to instil into motorists the habit of driving cautiously under all cir cumstances. Heavier sentonces locally, in cases where injury has been caused or made likely, would doubtless serve the same purpose.
HOME
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"THE STREET SINGER"
from April 14th to 17th
At the QUEEN'S
:
its declared that suspects, con- fronted with the findings of the ma chino, bave broken down and con- fessed in a large number of cases.
pneumograph, For testing the respiratory rate, has been used in conjunction with the Kooler Ploy graph.
is claimed
The Whole Truth
Ita
the WILL such Instruments Keelor, Polygraph
psycho- galvanometer -become In time established weapons of the police in the war on criminale, as the fing
and
the
anger*
been tested by innocent persons, who have done, before thera
This form of le detector. also has print system and the microscope have been unable to lle without the
what
the
machine: recording it. As with the future will bring. In view of the Keeler Polygraphy it is chimed that great strides which have been taken this proves that bezvousing or fear in recent years. But at present the does not affect the accuracy of the Courts, even on the other side of the kachine). An innocent person, hur Atlantic, do not, look on these selenti- nothing to tear, and; in the interests; fo on picudo-scientific gadgets with
safety, will land somewhere in Newfoundland, where another plane will be waiting to run the stuff down to New York, Boston, and all the places where carry- ing mail is made worth while.
These now Empire flying-boats are amazing machines. They are not of the corridor type, ha the American long-distance machines, with a narrow gangway down the middle and seats on each side. The first impression you get as you climb aboard is
one
of sheer size.
There are four separate and large rooms (one of them has actually got about 14 foot head- room), taking eight or nine pas-
·. sengers, seated comfortably in
lounge chairs, in each.
Those chairs alone are works of art. They· convert, with one motion of your hand, from” a dining chair with high back to a comfortable deck chair in which you lounge supine,'. They are Imperial Airways' own pro- porty, and I could do with ́s couple in my own home, they are so cosy.
T
HERE is a dining-room, "separate smokeroom, an upper deck for storing mails, bedding, wire- less cabin, and the like, and at night. within ten minutes, tho whole ship can be converted into a flying dormitory, with separato bunks for 18 people.
In the daytime she can carry 24° people, which raises the problem of what they do with the odd :eight during the night. Para-
chutes?
I looked all over for the crow's sleeping quarters, but they have no. quarters. They don't need them, because the entire crew is changed, at every big stop, so that the men don't have to work overtime and are always fresh. *.
Mechanically these flying boats are marvellous, but you wouldn't be interested in the technicalities of variable pitch air screws (four of them), the dipole aerial, the re- tractable innding lights and moor- ing bollards (you press a button and out pops a little steel pin for making the boat fast alongside everyone who sees these planes on land wants to play with this gadget), the wing flaps and moot- ing hatches.
But they do 200 miles an hour and have a wing span of 114 feet, which is quite a lot of feet.
ALL
LL these flying boats and they are a most impressive sight, ranged in the shed, in chronological stages of construe- ton-are sheathed with: metál bodies and wings, strong enough to deflect a bullet. Three of them are ready-one already out o service.
They are boing bullt on the Ford principle-all parts interchange- able, so that If anything goes wrong it is a simple matter to rip out a wing, an strut,"a" rivet, on" engine, or anything else, with out delay of any kind.
Even the parachutes are guaran- teed, my guide told me.
"Guaranteed?" I asked,
"Yes," he said, without a quiver. of a smile. "If they don't open'out the makers will replace them free. of charge."****
-It's an old one, that joko, to fly- ing men, but I bought it..
Today's Thought ---- OLD dae may be atdeet, if it Broad made like, youth; bus youth is burdensome 17 it be like old age, MO –CHILONA
much favour, and no Court in this "country"would think of considering their findings; as evidence.