THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7' 1985
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Hongkong Telegraph.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7, 1937.
MOTORISTS AND MANSLAUGHTER The question of whether a motorist guilty of dangerous driving, from which a death results, thus necessarily guilty of manslaughter, was the issue which
came before the House of Lords recently during the hearing of an appeal which involved this particular point. As the matter is one which affects public interest in regard to the whole question of man- slaughter, it was intimated that a full statement of the views of the Judges is to be made later. However, their Lordships, in giving a decision, stated that reckless driving would be clearly dangerous, but there might be some types of dangerous driving
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driving, it would, without doubt, be manslaughter. The lesson from this ruling is that motor- ists should realise the risks that they take when tempted to do anything which might be con- Grenadier Guards.strued either as reckless or dan- gerous driving, or both. Quite Grenadier Guards. | easily, they might, in certain Sir Henry Wood. circumstances, find that they offence Queen's Hall Orch. have, committed
which involves imprisonment a fine. Another Debroy Somers Band, instead of
.B.B.C. Orch. point which was stressed by the Judges in the case under notice .Geraldo's Orch.
was an expression of regret that Finch And Orch. Magistrates often do not taku .Fillis Novelty Orch. into account the serious nature ..Debroy Somers. of the offence of dangorous English Church Music. driving if, in fact, no injury actually occurs. In the view of LTD.
the Judges, this is a great mis- take, for the simple reason that ICE HOUSE ST. the offence against the State Is
just as great whether there hap pens, to be anybody round the corner or whether there does not. In the one case, where in- jury occurs, the driver would be liable to a long term of impri- sonment; in the other, he might get, off, lightly, although the offence was exactly the same. This is a point which might well be kept in mind locally, because, there have been many instances reported hero in which the ab- sence of injury, to pedestrians and others has been solely due to, the fortunate circumstance that the road at a given point round a hairpin bend happened to be clear; otherwise, serious harm would undoubtedly have resulted. The whole tendency of the Courts at Home is to instil into motorists the habit of driving cautiously, under all cir- cumstances. Heavier sentences locally, in cases where injury has been caused or made likely,' would doubtless serve the same purpose.
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FLYING is once again News. The world is watching the test flights of the new Imperial' Airways 18-ton flying boats, designed for a trans-Atlantic service. The days of stunt air adventure are over .'..
One method proposed for starting planes of across the Atlantic, by giving them a "lift" on the top of a bigger plane, to here ilustrated.
W
All Aboard for the
ATLANTIC!
HILE madcap, daring flyers are taking chance flights across the Atlantic, risking their lives in defiance of weather reports and gipsies' warnings and the like, blazing the trail for those who are to come, the big commercial companies are quietly making behind-the-scenes pre- parations for Atlantic crossings which shall pay their way.
It's all very well to get up at dawn, with outjuiting chin, and make a dash across the 1,000- miles of Western Ocean in a hero-hop, but to people like Imperiat Airways and the ke the trips have got to pay.
Payload, payload, payload. That is the question. Anyone. can take umpteen gallons of petrol for a joyride, as a flying expert put it to me recently, but If a regular Atlantic service is going to be opened it has got to be worth while commercially.
It is not even a matter of size. "Give me the engines and the money, and I'll put wings on the Queen Mary and fly direct to "Hồng KONG, the expert to me. when I expressed amateurish wonder that it was possible to get these new big airliners into the air at all,
Егенте
GHTEEN tons of deadweight lifted sheer from the water by means of pushing the air about! That is what it amounts -
to.
But the Pan-American people have a forty-tonner on the stocks, and Imperial Airways are blue- "printing"a ̈hundred-ionner
If you get a charice to go down to Croydon and stand underneath the wings of ten-tonner or a niteen-tonnèr, do so, and then try to imagine what a hundred-ton plane is going to look like.
+ H. G. Wells' idea is not so far Maybe you' saw ahead to-day. "Things to Come," with aeroplanes
by
EDWARD
CARR
with wings stretched over acres. It will not be so very long-t war doesn't direct our civil re- search in aviation into a more sinister direction-before you actually see planes like that zooming across the horizon.
How is the Atlantic crossing to bo mado to pag as a commercial proposition? Come with me up ine River Medway, to the head- quarters of one of the most po- ahead of the aeroplane builders. Pass through the gates, by a num- ber of large sheds humming with activity and crowded with men working overtimo-Imperial Air- ways have just given them a hum- dinger of an order (20 Empire fly- ing boats at about £40,000-my guess—each)—to the largest shed of all
IN
N'one of the far corners-
is a long, low monoplane, almost ugly" from its squatness. Its peculiar point, to an amateur, is the barrel-shaped petrol tank which goes from one end of the wing to the other.
That's the plane which is going · to start the Atlantic Alr Service.
That plane, which will be so
heavily loaded with petrol that it cannot rise from the ground 1 by its own power, is going to be holsted into the air on top of another bigger plane-one of the Empire flying-boats, spe- cially fitted.
One of the main worries 'about long-distance flying is that you have to carry so much petrol that rising from the ground is both difficult and dangerous.
That is why your favourite newspaper always sends its air correspondent to the flying-field when a big fight is about to start
there is always a chance that the plane won't clear the hedge, and if it doesn't, the resulting flare-up with all that petrol aboard will be worth spreading across two columns on the front page.
Oc
NCE up
in the air it is safe. And that is why this plane. will be holisted into the blue on the back of the big fellow. The two *pilats will be In telephone touch. No. 1, on top, says: "OK. Harry," No. 2 Pilot says. "O.K. BI, Good luck. Bring me a parrot back with you," and presses the release levers.
Down swoops the big fellow, and on goes the little fellow-bearing half a ton of payload in his cabin
Arat stop Newfoundland.
How can it be made to pay? Well, first class mall (letters and small parcels and such like) runs about 30 letters to the pound weight. She can carry roughly 1,000lb. The cost-rough figures, worked out from hasty calculation of the crossing is about 38, a lb. total load.
The fast plane, working in the higher altitudes for speed and
Is The Lie Detector? What Is The Lie
N Chicago recently a condemned
man asked to have his guilt or innocence established by means of the "lle detector." His request was granted, but the machine merely con- firmed the previous finding of the Court, and the execution duly took place.
The earliest form of He detector was the word association test, which required no other apparatus than a stop watch. The test was based on association of ideas. A list of words was read to a subject, some relating to a specific incident-say, a crime, and some having no significance. The subject was required to reply to the test word with the first word that came into his mind.
the
of science, may lie with utter cool- But the lie detector Ands him ess out just the same.
The very latest form of lie detector achieves the same end as the others la & more direct way-by forcing subjects to tell the truth and nothing but the truth. Scopolamine is a Its, nower What exactly is a "le defector"
drug made from henbane, The answer is that there are several:
to affect certain areas of the brain was discovered by chance, by Dr. The particular lie detector used in
R. E. House, of Texas. The part of the case instanced, and the one which The length of time taken to re- the brain affected, it was further is generally meant, is the invention spond was measured by a atop watch. discovered, is the part which controls af Professor Leonard Keeler. Its The normal reaction time, according our lying powers. Persons under scientifle name is the Keeler Poly-to psychologists, is 2 seconds. If the Influence of the drug are in- groph.
subject'a reaction time was capable of lying, no matter how longer, it The machine measures ductuations was afraid to answer with the first tell a convincing, but false, story.
was taken to mean that he much may depend on their ability to in blood pressure. A cuff is attached word which occurred to him, because Scopolamine has been tried on in- to the subject's upper arm, and con- it would reveal bir guilty knowledge, nocent persons as well as on those and that he was huniing about for charged with crimes. It has been stant pressure of the cuff is main tained by infiation. Changes in pulso another, more harmless, word. It found that poople may be induced to rate and blood pressure are indicated was noted that guilty persons gener- "confess" ta things which they them by a graph traced on an unwinding ally chose an out-of-the-way word selves, when in a normal state, had paper reel. The subject's normal which an innocent person would not forgotten. In other words, the drug blood pressure and rate of pulse are connect with the test word.
can bring to light facts
and in- noted before the test proper begins.
eldents which have long remained Another lie detector is the psycho- Allowance is also made for fear of alvanometer, invented by Father stored in the subconscious for no-
body ever really
anything forgets W. G. Summers, of Fordham Univer- The subjest is first of all asked sity. The subject holds a small block
Scopolamine, unfortunately for the casual questions having no relations of metal, and a slight electric selentific criminologist, is a danger- to the crime with which he is charged current la passed through his Then questions, connected with the A dial registers the fluctuations of the effects. The normal ose of. 1/100th ous drug. It is incalculable in its body.
dose is 1/120th 'crime are interjected Time is su
subject's resistance to the current. part of L grain; but a allowed between each question for the
grain may
kill an abnormal blood
pressure to return to normal. The usual, test questions are asked, part
normal. some casual and some significant subject, or may have no effect, persons who have allowed When the subject lies it is claimed Innocent
It is therefore highly doubtful if themselves to be tested by the lle that he perspires, and the swent on scopolamine will ever be used ex detector, and who have attempted the palma reduces the resistance to
In the investigation of
nervousness.
сол
to deceive it on trivial matters, have the electric current, a phenomenon crime.
claimed that the machine finds them which is duly rglstered on the dial out every time.
Forced To Confess
It is declared that suspects, con fronted with the findings of the ma- chiae, have broken down and con- ̈fessed in a large number of cases.. 26 A pneumograph, for testing the rumpiratory rate, has been used in “conjunction with the Keeler Ploy
יי
Will such instruments the Keeler Polygraph and the psycho-
become galvanometer
in time established weapons of the police in
the microscope je :
The Whole Truth
This form of lie detector also has print system and
the war on criminals, as the finger-
been tested by innocent persons, who
have
done before them? have been unable to lle without the It is impossible to say what the machine recording it, with the future will bring in view of the Keeler Polygraph, it is claimed that great strides which have been taken this proves that nervousness: or fear in recent years." But at "present the does not affect the accuracy of the Courts, even on the other side of the machine. An innocent person har Atlanțio, do not look on those selenti. nothing to fear, and, in the interests: fe or pseudo-scientiño gadgets. with
safety, will land somewhere in Newfoundland, where another plane will be waiting to run the stuff down to New York, Boston, · and all the places where carry-.. ing mall is made worth while.
These new Empire Aying-bonts are amazing machines. They are not of the corridor type, as the American long-distance machines, with a narrow gangway down the middle and seats on each side. The Arst impression' you got as you climb aboard is onc sheer vize.
of
There are four separate and large rooma (one of them han actually got about 14 feet head- room), taking eight or nine pas- sengers, sented. comfortably in lounge chairs, in unch.
Those chairs alone are works of art, They convert, with one motion of your hand, from, a
chair dining
with high · back. to a comfortable desk chair, in which you lounge supine, Thoy are Imperial Airways' own pro- porty, and I could do with a couple in my own home, ther are so cosy.
TH
HERE is a dining-room. separate smokeroom, an upper deck for storing malls, bedding, wire- less cabin, and the liko, and at night, within ten minutes, the whole ship can be converted into ̈à ̄fying dormitory.""with"separate"
bunks for 16 people.
In the daytime she can carry 24 people, which raises tiïie' problem of what they do with the odd eight during the night. Para- chutes?
I looked all over for the crow's' aleeping quarters, but they have no quarters. They don't need them.. because the entire crew is changed at every big stop, so that the men, don't have to work overtime, and aro always trash.
Mechanically these flying boats: are marvellous, but you wouldn't be interested in the technicalities ́of variable pitch air screws (four of them), the dipole aerial, the re- tractable landing Ughts and moor- ing bollards (you press a button and out pops a little steel pin for making the boat fast alongside— everyone who sees these planes on land wants to play with this gadget), the wing flaps and moor- ing .hatches.
But they do 200 miles an hour and have a wing span of 114 feet, which is quite a lot of feet.
ALL these, Aying boats- and they are a most fimpressive
the alght, ranged in
shed In chronological stages of construc- tion are sheathed with metal bodies and wings, strong enough to
· Three of them defect a bullet. are ready-one, already out on service.
They are being built on the Ford principle-all parts interchange- able, so that "K⠀ anything goes' wrong it is a simple matter to rip out A wing, a strut, a rivet, an engine, or anything else, with- out delay of any kind..
Even the parachutes are guaran- teed, my guide' told me.
Guaranteed?" I asked.
"Yes," he said, without a quiver of a smile. "If they don't open cut the makera will replace them free ́of charge.”--
It's an old one, that joke,' to Ay- ing men, but I bought it.
o-day's Thought: OLD"age may be suast, if it is made like youth, but youth" is burdensome if. ti da like old age.
CHRON.
much- favour, and no Court in this" country 'would think of considering their findings' as evidence))