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IF your children ask difficult questions, don't bite their heads off.
IF your
views are democratic, don't become a
A
DICTATOR
MAN of forty was com- plaining to me the other day because his children did not show him suf- clent respect. They disagreed with his opinions, pointed out fallacies in his arguments, and. often decided not to take his advice.
They were inclined to be casual, even flippant, in ad- dressing their elders, and were outrageously outspoken.
Hongkong Hotel deng
Garage
Phone 27778-9
The
Stubbs Rd.
Hongkong Telegraph.
TUESDAY, Manch: 30, 1037,
I happen to know his children woll. They are thoroughly healthy specimens of modern boys and girls, keenly intelli- gent, disconcertingly honest,
I am afraid I had to be rather rude to the father. He admitted that the children had ability; indeed, he was proud of it. But he expected servility as well, and the two cannot exist in the same person,
"If you wish children to be submissive, obedient, reverent," I said, "you must crush their intelligence before they sec Any autocrat
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RESEARCH
Britain has never been lack- ing in men of genius in both the scientific and commercial fields, but in the past there has been a tendency for each to keep to his own particular line of inves- tigation or business. Now in- dustry has begun to absorb them all. Some years go the Department of Scientific and HIndustrial-festarch was formed to investigate the problems with which industry is concerned in utilising scientific invention and achievement, and the scientist and the technician now work together with the business-mani in the interests of industry.
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last year shows that more big industrial undertakinga have
set up research departments, and excellent results have been recorded in many industries. A process for producing unshrink- able wool has been discovered, and also a method of reducing milk gallons a year. As a result of experiments, the life of linings of gas reioris has been in creased by twenty-five per cent. as compared with ten years ngo. Another branch of the department's work has produced a dental amalgam ́ for fillings, which, according to the report, should place Great Britain ahead of the rest of the world
waste by three million
2
knows
Life is terribly dull In a country where all men and women think alike, where they think exactly as they are told. It would be as monotonous as a garden which produces only one sort of flower the whole year round.
i
D
EMOCRATS believe in human equality, but equality does not im- ply uniformity. The most de- lightful feature of a democratic country IN the variety ΟΣ thought and feeling that grows spontaneously within it.
The extremists may be source of danger, but they can- cel each other out, and common sanity prevails in the end...N
in the
HOME
says
J. W. Marriott
credulity about others for which there is plenty.
It may be true that you cannot fool all the people all the time, but, as every dema- gogue knows, it is only neces- sary to fool the majority.
So that fathers Who allow free 'speech in the
home, and teachers who help the children to fréo their thoughts from fallacies and Illusions, are deeply necessary to a democratic nation.
M
R. BERTRAND RUSSELL told his audience in a recent lecture that if he had д
charge of an infant school he would provide two kinds of sweets for the children, the nicer ones being modestly praised. the inferior ones loudly" boosted. By this means he would teach young children to distrust the things which are extravagantly praised, and to rely upon their own Judgment.
But democracy is impossible without freedom of thought and Intelligence. If citizens are not educated they will forfelt their birthright. This does not mean that we must all become book- worms, highbrows, university graduates, or academically "minded. It does mean that we must be able to think for our- selves, to weigh evidence, and to laugh at nonsense when we hear it.
The two outstanding qualities found together in the "natural man" are his credulity about Ideas for which there is not a scrap of evidence and his in-
+
He would also arrange a couple of excursions to the seaside. The better place would not be idénilsed
pleasant surprise in the former place, a painful disillusion in the. latter.
(Good advertisers would agree with this method of education, for they know the ovil effects of un- -scrupulous-over-statement.)-um
Later on, when children reach. the senior school, they would laten to debates-the B.B.C, could be helpful here and at the end they would be asked to write down brief summaries of the arguments for. and against.
They would soon discover that the man who speaks quietly and reasonably often has a good case, but that the man who shouts loudly and makes violent appeats to sentiment often has little real argument to support him.
Stili later, the older puplis would conduct debates of their own. They at all; the children would be in-would speak only for the cause in formed of its position, hours of which they sincerely believed and sunshine, inches of rainfall, popu- they would learn that there may lation, and so on.
be much to be said against it..
But the worsa place would be ad- vertised with glorified pictures miles of mustard yellow sands. seas and skies of Mediterranean blueness, luxurious hotels, crowds of beautiful people in enchanting beach clothes.
Children. would
receive
They would discover the, neces- sity for thinking again, and (quite frequently) for ridding their minds of early prejudices. This kind of education is of inestimable import- ance for citizens in a self-govern- ing community.
We all need to be immunised
BASIC ENGLISH
¡VER 500,000,000 people used the ordinary speech or as the language English language, either as their
·By.
tifically-chosen selection of 850 Alastair Scott
These 850
after words, chosen
is exactly
He
**
*
.
BASIC Bible is appearing bit by Abit. More than 60 per cent. of the 8,000 words have been taken out. When you read these few verses of the Basic St. Mark, remember that the Basic Bible is for the world— Russians and Chinese, Africans and Danes, Maoris and Slavs,
in this particular aspect of in- of the Administration. Now a scien- dustry. Many Research As-Ush words (called Basic English) is sociations uided by the common currency among hundreds
of thousands of foreigners more. Department are now in a very
English verbs. So the Basic "put in English-Basic English-ls becom- does for "install" (put things in a "And he took a little chlid and put strong position. Cotton, which
ing the first world langunge,
house), "Interject" (put a wörd.in), jhim in the middle of them, and tâlc- was the most backward of the
"Insert" (put a page in) and so on. Ing him in his arms, he sold to them. industries, great
from
"Whoever will take one of such research point of view, a
years of research into the mysteries HE man behind Basie (a Cam- little children in my name takes me;j few of language, do all the work of bridge professor who dislikes, and whoever takes me takes not me, years ago, is now the most ad- 20,000. To read, Basic
like ordinary English, but simpler, publicity) complained to me of the but him who sent me. vanced. Already great changes clearer, often more precise.
way people deliberately misunder-
"John said to him, Master, we saw stand Basic. It has been formed have been made in the industry
Its object is "to communicate mainly for scientific and commercial one driving out evil spirits in your as a result of research activi-idiomatically most of the require- reasons, and does not challenge ordi-me: and we said that he might not,
because he is not one of us. ments of international
nary spoken and written English on correspon- ties, resulting in adaptation to dence, science, and commerc It cultural grounds.
"But Jesus said, 'say not so. There new conditions and helping in can be taught to a Chinese who does It is above all the language of is no man who will do n great work great measure to offset the loss not know a word of English in six sense, and only of feeling and tone in my name, and be able quickly to
weeks, and an English person can in a minor way. Also, it must be say evil of me." (St. Mark, ix, 30), of markets in certain lines con-master it in under a week. These understood that to translate a passage sequent on keen foreign com- figures are not exaggerations. petition, especially from the Für East. The importance which the Government attaches to this work is apparent from the fact that for 1936-87 it provided a sum of no less than £621,000 for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, `which is an increase of over £20,000 on the previous year. But the great point to be kept in mind Is that industries are not rely- ing. solely on Government aid;
*
**
*
*
The Heavy Father of the Victorian Age should be of historical interest only.
Picture from the Aim "Barretts
of Wimpole Street.")
from the effects of rhetoric, and the only way to become immune is to hear unlimited quantities of it. Any one who takes the trouble to read the eloquent speeches in defence of slavery or witch-burn- ing will be surprised by the lo- quence and zest of the oratora fa advocacy of a wrong cause.
R
USKIN'S
denunciation
of the railway is. an Impressive piece of writ- Blevenson's attack од street-lighting is still rather con-
Ing.
vincing. Every student of history can find examples of the valiant and well-meaning defence of institutions and people now admitted to be indefensible,
The great Duke of Wellington belloved in the perfection of our clectoral system in the days of the "ratten boroughs." Great preachers were convinced that the use of chloroform in surgical operations was opposed to the will of God.
Always, it seems, the orator who can find no sound reasons for his Case proceeds to make excitable appeals to emotionalism, attempt. ing to conceal his weakness by dis-- plays of rhetorical freworks de- signed to impress the multitudes,
Obviously, if the rank and file ot the nation is to be saved from fol- lowing the wrong leaders, it must learn to think dispassionately.. This kind of education must begin In the earliest years.
Dr. Cyril Burt has recommended that simple fallacies in logic should be taught in the Junior school. A weekly discussion about current affairs ja surely necessary it senior pupils are to grasp the duties and responsibilities of cftl- zenship.
T
HE scientist is unwilling to lose his head, to be swòpt off his feet, to. be carried away by primitive. emotions; his duty is to observe things as they are, to test by ex- periment, to make logical deduc tions.
Such an attitude is invalu- able when we study the seeth- ing world of politics both at home and abroad. Everybody needs to of English Into Basic, you cannot do
amass a certain amount of know- it word for word.
THE great virtue of Basic is that ledge during the formative years The method is to take the words in to use it you have to think what spent in school and university, but SIX HUNDRED of the 650 words their context, clearly understand the you be saying. Basic does not more important than the acquisi
are nouns, 150 nro "qualities' meaning, and then express this mean-tolerate confusion of thought, irre- tion of facts (which can always be (adjectives), and 100 are words for ing in Basic. For that little language levancies, cliches, or circumlocutions looked up in an encyclopedia) is
operating" thean (verbs, pronouns, can express it and more simply too. which mean nothing. " adverbs, and conjunctions). When a Take the language of business cor- It is the bones of the Innguage, and and their first uses it is easy for immediately pierces foreigner has learnt the 850 words respondence, instance. Basic the large number of books in and on through the Basic English which, Kegan Paul's him to extend his vocabulary by futility of saying "favours" for letters have published should convince any- "specialization" and expansion. and remittances" for payments. one of its great practical uses, and; "Specialisation" is, for instance, us-Here are some business terms and the methodical way in which it is addition to its ordinary meaning.
the word "account" for a bill-in their Basic equivalents: "Expansion" would use the "grain" for corn, and so on.
Ing
*
word
The verb in English la just
LTD. inny numbers met dich one of the things tant Basic makes
encouraged to carry out their own investigations, with bene fits which are now widely recognised.
are 16-operators" as Dany as washing your hands. There
(verbs)-come make, put, etc,-2 auxillaries, and 20 "directives"-down, from, through, etc. The combination of these 38 words gives most of the common
for
Business
Furnish particulars.
You may rest assured that. I shall esteem it a great favour
If you will send
1 Basic Give details.
You may be certain that. Will you kindly send.. Bee the. Iden?.
slowly being established.
The future of Basic will depend greatly on the radio and the progress of cheap, flexible record for gramo phones. The Baste headquarters in England are still a research centre.
I learn that wide commercial and other publicity will not be sought un-) til next year. At present they are putting their house in order against the busy years ahead.
the
discovery of sane attitude. towards the increasingly compli- cated issues of modem life.
And two things can help a child' to achieve such an attitude for himself: a father, who will discuss any subject reasonably and with- out anger, and a teacher who cares. more for training his pupils to think than for cramming · their. heads with unrelated facta,
To-day's Thought USE every man after his desert, ant - who should 'scape whipping?..
—SHAKESPEARE.;