8
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1936.
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The
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Hongkong Telegraph.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1930.
WORKING TO
MUSIC!
STOP PRIVATE
ARMS PROFITS
by Philip Noel-Baker
MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR DERBY.
OUN years ago. even three years ago, the D1;- Armanent Conference was still debating ambi- tous schemes fur the all-roun reduction of the armaments of the world.
To-day we are plunged in the most frenzied Arms, nee the world bus ever seen.
prite
In my profound convtelion, that entophic result is due in no marasure to the system of nunlari uzve by which mantments are prolized,
For that ないよ Que French Government's hold decision 1.0 abolish this system was a great Saderat Jeansí event
It will not eatly free the Demo- -e org af France from the strangle- hvid of the Comité des Forges, it has set an example which the peoples of offer free comtries will dedre tn fullow.
When . Blum's Act of Parla- bent
brea tuliy carried through, he will have proved that a reform for long urged on moral grounds, is practically advantage- ol also from the point of view of national defence. By so doing, he cannot fall to strengthen all those forces which are still valiantly atriving for International dis- armament, collective security and stable peace.
I say this with conviction, for I an certain that the French Goveiament's new teghilation will supply the final proof that the private manufacture of arina-
ments is both a grave social evil and a grave menace to national defence.
I have long believed that these two propositions were true. It is by reason
of my personal experience that I think private manufacture to be a social evil.
During recent years, important steps have been taken in Britain to humanise labour ronditions. It has been found not only humane but profitable to sec that the workers are not only protected from evil conditions but that they should be made positively happy whilst at work. Many processes in modern industry are of neces- It is now the sily monotonous. custom in many factories to stop the machinery for a short time at stated intervals, apart from meal-times, so that the workers can have a talk and a smoke, or As a re- a cup of tea or coffee. sult of this, in one factory the out- put increased by 21 per cent, and the average earnings of piece- workers by 9 per cent. Every- one was happy. The National Institute of Industrial Psychology, which has done much to introduce these methods in British industry, has favourably commented upon the effect of music on certain fac- tory workers. In a fruit-canning factory in Kent à radio-gramo- phone. amplified by ! loud- speaker, can be heard above the clatter of the machinery. The music is switched on, at intervals is and the psychological result obvious, and definitely valuable. The girls sing in chorus, there is a bright and cheerful atmosphere and work goes with a swing. After meals the work-people are encouraged to sing and dance, WE all have a dangerous age. they have beauty shows and com- petitions, concert parties and amateur theatricals. Everything is done to help them to return to their tasks refreshed and happy.
In one capacity or unother 1 have attended nently every dur- Tatlommar Conference since the war. I have scen ut first hand the work: of nearly every Committee and Commission that has dealt with the Reduction and Limitation of Arms.
And 1 have been persuaded by that experience that those who manufacture Arms for private profit exert continual and powerful. pressure in favour of armanient
THIS week the Govern-
ment is considering the Report of the Royal Com- mission on the Manufac- ture of Arms, which was appointed in February last
year.
Meanwhile this week the first volume of "The Private Manufacture .of Armaments," by Professor Nael-Baker, has been puh- lished (Gollancz, 189.).
Here are some hard facts from this detailed exposure of the arms racket,
The sales of the Private Arms Firms all over the world cannot be much less than 1300 million per year.
British Governments have given more knighthoods to Directors of Armament Firms than to representatives of all the rest of British Industry put together,
British aircraft engines were sold to Germany in April, 1934; and the German Air Force started designing its military machines with the results of 16 years of British Government air research.
In May, 1934, when the Council of the League of Nations was trying to prevent war between Colombla and Peru, a British firm sold two destroyers to Colombia. The First Lord of the Admiralty gave permission for 100 British ex-officers and ratings to man them.*
cxpansion and against the policies that make for peace.
I am no less convinced that the system of private manufacture is a danger to national defence.
In saying this, I am not only thinking of the export of arma- ments to foreign nations who may some day use them against the ex- porting country in another war, as has been done in the past; I am, thinking even more of the in- evitable-waste-and-chaos-which- Yellance on private manufacture Involves when war begins,
Belure 1914 the British Govern- ment deliberately adopted a policy of relying on private firms to carry through the expansion of ařma- ment production which would be needed if war broke out,
They adhered to this policy unl May, 1915, By that time the Inlure
.
of the system was so apparent that everyone was convinced that un- less an immediate change was made Great Brkam would lose the war. This failure was not due to the Incompetence or rapacity of the private firms; It was due to the in- herent difficulties of the system they were asked to work.
་
time of war there are three essen- tial functions which must be per- formed to ensure the Increase of armament supply..
The production of existing plants must be expanded to the maximum possible extent; new factories and plants must be set up; the general (non-armament engineering
sources of the country must be in- structed in the technique of arma- ment manufacturo.
The war cxperience of Great Britain proved beyond all doubt. that in all these three functions the Government has immense ad- vantage over the private Armis,
Woolwich Arsenal expanded more rapidly than Vickers or Arm- strong'a
The new national fac- torles produced arms more rapidly, of better quality and at lower prices than those of any private firm. The expert staff of Wool- wich Arsenal did more effective in- struction of the ordinary engineer- ing.companies than all the private firms combined.
In other words, Governnients' arsenals have a great advantage in securing rapid expansion when war beging.
It follows that the larger the scale of Government production in time of peace, the more rapid and eflective will be the increase in armament. production when it is
their competitive de- D-mand...for-skilled-labour----Iequired.
for machine tools. fur 'raw materials, reduced the markets con- for these requirements to fusion, and led waste and Incfficiency of every kind. Only when these difficulties had been removed by national control was there any hope for adequate arma- ment expansion.
الذاكرة
Nor does the case end there. In
THE DANGEROUS AGE
But
how
many people recognisci this period of erisia when it appears? Very few, 1 think, and for obvious
The Arst reason is that many people are unaware that, sooner or later, they will steer out of
reasons,
They enjoy bath their work and their play, and in consequence NOTES OF THE DAY
By
Sir Herbert Barker
-#
Why, now
We andagalo, are staggered by the spectacle of come great financier suddenly absconding? Why does some great public figure,
with a world-wide fame, suddenly
collapse and past from view?
It is the dangernus age that has Sometimen Buch them.
the tranquil waters of physical and wrecked
spiritual equilibrium into the un- conduct is but the logical sequel of charted seas of passion and despair. what has been muturing in secrez It is possible for The second for failure to realise through the years. the approach of this life-crisis Is man to be honourable as the output has increased by thirty per
ignorance of the danger signals that criminal law interprets that term, lo cent, and both owners and An article which appeared in are held aloft by Dame Nature, it be above reproach us Lociety assesser we can but interpret the flashes. conduct, and yet to be Intrinsically
false
in hin, With
to the best workers' incomes have increased our issue of October. 31, entitled
men the dangerous
afe
It is when the dangerous age or comes with the final realisation that
of the sout accordingly. A similar system is rortugal's Spies Are Second to Noue," has aroused adverse cum-
and rives that these secrets the success desired in youth being adopted by hundreds or ment amongst the Portuguese pursued through middle
are revealed sudden absconding аде Is and destined to remain gress breach of the moral code; er thousands of other firms. Re-community in Maeno, by whom it illusory
Then it is that the collapse into alcoholic ignominy. ports received from soup-canning has been mistakenly interpreted as unfulffied,
Tragic? Terrible? Pinble? struggler s
Is templed to bow us on brave a deliberate attack by
Of course it is-all OL
that. But works, tobacco factories, motor-Portugal and its President and down before the forces of defeat and
Inevitable? I do not believe manufacturing works, and radio Premier, whose invaluable services take the easy path.
For all men that Inevitable moment There is a form of decline into decay manufacturers are all strongly in to their country we freely acknow arrives. It comes to those who among the middle-aged that is u
ns successes as to purely physiologient causes. I am favour of it. In many factories ledge, Actually, the article was one the world regards there has been a remarkable de- which has already appeared in a well as to those when the world not concerned with that aspect of crease in sickness since the sys- London dally newspaper and was looks down upon with pity as life's the problem for the moment. It is of topical failures. This is because what men with the spiritual Sinister Street we tem was introduced. Thus it can included in a serles
concerned to that period of He be claimed that in one all-impor- contributions which we regularly call success bears no relation to the all must negotiate that I um here
recoivo from this particular reality. tant branch of national life, in the
The only successful man is he who when the man groans in his soul and source. It was republished by us
ehhanced hla spiritual and asks: Why? arid whither? Cut Industrial sphere in one of the in the normal course of events. intellectual heritage.
A man may bona? most highly organised industrial We regret, therefore, that its
nchleve fame, may become the countries in the world, more
enused | Idol of the world, and yet be aware publication should have humane and kindly, modes of life our Portuguese readers any an- In the depths of his heart that he Failed by what? By are the rule to-day. Although noyance. Having been written by hos failed. these have incidentally been found a London commentator, the article standards of his own which he has dern life there are no material re- profitable and therefore more
wha in no sense published as re-stifled and betrayed to attractive, they are due to
decting our own views, We trust unworthy end. steadily growing sense of fellow- ship and kindly feeling among men and women of all classes. In this sphere at any rate, progress a spirit of friendship on our part tint which confronts the man who strument is that, you may unk?
A
has definitely been made in regard to the kindlier virtues.
gulo
an
A WORKING PHILOSOPHY For the assuUÏTR of Fate and the bludgeonines of high-pressure mo- medies. We must bow before them, accept our lots, learn philosophy. FALSE TO THE BEST
But what we can do, if we would navigate this perilous patch, is to the same time, will be accepted as sucrous age more perilous than by we can safely steer; What in- Such men Inevitably Lace a examine the only Instrument where-
that this explanation will serve to remove such impression, and, · at
In RESUranes of a continuance of
towards Portugal and the Portit has suffered his heart to live and
remain
guose people in general.
inluences.
to susceptible
It is, I think the soul, or, if you ennobling prefer the word, the Intellect. Every
[Continued on Page' 5.).
Thus, by abolishing pri- vate manufacture, M. Bluc's Government has not only struck at the root of a grave social evil, but has rendered. signal service to French national defence. I have sald already that the result of its example will sprend to other lands. But I do not expect immediate practical results.
In Great Britain, for example, it is not likely that the present British Government will abolish private manufacture. Indeed, in. the armament programme which it is carrying through, It immensely increasing the share of the orders which is given to private Army
is
In evidence before a Royal Com- mission an official spokesman said not long ago that to abolish private manufacture at the present time was quite unthinkable"; and in answer to the argument which I advanced in the House of Commons, the Ministry for Co-. ordination of Defence declared that the Government attached ureat importance to the elasticity of the present system.
But I believe that the action of M. Blum's Gov- ernment makes it eer- tain that the nezt administration of Great Britain will carry through this reform immediately it comes.
to power.
I have little doubt that if President Roosevelt is re-elected, Congress also will follow M. Blum's example, and will abolish private manufacture in the United States.
So the reform will spread, until, if the next war" can do averted, we may hope for an International Treaty which will abolish Private Manufacture throughout the world. And
as, in country after country, this source of international unrest, auspicion and distrust is removed. so our chances of averting the "next war" by a strong system of collective security and disarma- ment will be improved.
(World copyright 1935 by: CO-OPERATION.)
-To-day's Thought- GOLD and riches, the chief
causes of war.
TACITUS (A.D. 35-117).