THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. FRIDAY,
OCTOBER 9,
1936.
INTERVENTION IN SPAIN
3,029,000 T.U.C. VOTE. AGAINST
Leaders' Warning On Risk Of War
ONLY BLOCKADE
COULD STOP SUPPLY OF ARMS
Plymouth, Sept. 25.
AFTER one of the most dramatic debates in the history of the Labour Movement, the Trades Union Congress to-day decided by an overwhelming majority to stand firm by the policy of non-intervention in Spain and to support to the full the attitude of the Popular Front Government in France.
Sir Walter Citrine and Mr. Ernest Bevin demolished a Left Wing attempt to commit the movement to immediate intervention.
When it came to a vote opposition melted away. The non-intervention policy was carried by 3,029,000 votes to 51,000.
Before the debate Sir Walter Citrine, the General Secretary of the T.U.C., made a long statement on the situation which create a deep impression.
At the end Mr. Bevin clinched the matter by declaring that the decision of the T.U.C. General Council was a British one.
As Sir Walter Citrine said. Delegates were in a dilemma.
their natural instinct was to rush to the defence of the Spanish democracy against the Fascist attack, hut as Mr. Bevin en- phasised later, they had to settle this matter with cool beads and created a deep impression.
STATE DESERTED BY
ARMY AND AIR FORCE
began by re- Sir Walter Citrine viewing the history of the revolt and pointed out that at the very begin- ting the constitutional Government had been deserted by about 80 per cent of the air force pilots,
At one blow the Spanish Govern- ment was deprived of its organised means of reaistaner. The strong- holds, forts, munition centres and arsenals were mostly held by the inilitary.
This was the position they had 10 face at the start,
WHAT EDEN WAS TOLD:
"DICTATORS NOT TRUSTED" Sir Walter then described the dis cussions that had taken place with the Foreign Secretary.
The Labour deputation to Mr. Fiden
a month ago stated bluntly to hing
word of "You cannot trust the Mussolini or Hitler Irrespective of what they may sign."
The real issue, Sir Walter declared, was How could Germany and Italy be restrained from supplying arms to the rebels.
"We all know the reckless foreign polley which is being pursued by the dictators in these countries.
"Are they bluffing or would they be ready to face the risk of widesperad conflict on an issue of this kind,
·GRAVE RISK OF
TAKING SIDES
Britain Should Watch Portugal
The emergency resolution on Spain for which the T.U.C. voird overwhelmingly, said:
tendered
the
"Contress Spanish Government and people the profount sympathy of the Beltish workers in the merelless conflrt Into which they had been and plunged by the treachery disloyalty of the Spanish offlcers who had violated their oath of allegiance 10 Be Republle of Spain and its legally constituted Government.
"Congress repeats the warning the International while that agreements which have now been made may Jessen international tension if they are loyally obser- ulmosi vigilance is ved....the
10 prevent thege necessary
being engagements solemn utilised
Spanish 10 injure the Governinent.
"Congress further declares that a special duty is incumbent on the British Government to exer- cise in the fullest measure the in- Huence it undoubtedly possesses over Portugal to ensure that its Government, which has aided and abetted in rebellion, shall promptly and loyally co-operate in the carrying out of these agreements."
of his life.
"I have not disguised my view that perhaps the most impressive speech the only way you can dent with a bully is by superior force.
"You cannot deal with Mussolini Dr Hilier by resolutions. Our only answer to that would be lo place a naval blockade round the coast of Spain.
"You must face up to that issue. There in no way of restraining a Hitler or a Mussolini except by naval nction, and that may mean military
action too:
He made it quite clear that the: rise of Fasolam in Europe convinced him that democracy must not only be prepared to oppose dictatorship but it must be prepared if neces- sary to fight it by force of arms. While he argued that at the mo- ! ment the Spanish issue was not one on which the Labour movement should precipitato a conflict, he stated qutte plainly that Hitler and Musso Jin will be making a mistake if they estimate the Democratic Powers 'too
"Dare I te the British Labour movement or British public opinion cheaply.
to Lake such action?" he asked.
Not
SIR WALTER CITRINE
CONSCRIPT ARMY OPPOSED
STRONG CLAIM
FOR INTERVENTION
The case for the interventionists was very clearly and logically stated, but it was clear from the start after Citrine and Bevin had spoken_jhat it would carry no weight whatever with Congress
The best speech of the opposition came front Mr. W. Monslow (Locomotive Engineers and Firemen). He claimed that if Fascism triumphed In Spain, it would
a
and
the end of democracy in Europe. He said that the fight In Spain was
more than civil war, it was
fight between capitalism 11 rocialism, between democracy and dictatorship, between. barbarism and civilisation.
That is the issue, he said and in such a position it was inconceivable that a democrat should stand neutral, A resolution was moved by 'Mr. A. G. Tomkins (Furnishing Trades) saying:
"This Congress declares most emphatically that on no neemmt whatever shall the trade union movement assist the Government in its desire for conscription, either in the armed forces or in the hdustrial field, in the event of war, but will actively resist all such attempts."
The resolution was adopted on a show of hands. Congress unanimously adoptert a resolution deploring the racial and religious strife in Palestine.
Fascism
Fighting With Pacifism
--Mr. Berin
children coming after us may call us blessed,"
Russia learns that the better it will, that our be for Russia." he declared, In a moving pasage Mr. Bevin quote from the speech of M. Blum last week, He referred to the fact! that M Bium was a Jew, and praised, him for subjugating his very natural) feelings In his negotiation with Ger- many in the wider interests of Euro- pean peace.
Mr. Bevin said he would be no party to bringing duven such a man. in tiny case, he claimed that the Trades Union Congress had come to a British decision.
We are not going to meet it by pure pacifism. If. in certain, res pects it means burying some of our feelings in the past and facing the Issue squarely in the 3ght of deve- lopment of Fascism, then we must do so as a movement for the sake of prosperity.
LINK WITH U.S. G
SOVIET UNIONS
Mr. J. Marchbank, general secre- tary of the N.U.R., moved a resolu tion that
of
"In view of the Increasing mennce of and Fuselsm, the
war General Council be instructed to take the necessary steps through the International Federation
and Trade Unions to open up with
the negotiations pursue Russian and American trade union to the movements with a view establishment of united trade union relations within the ambit of the International Federation of Trade Unions as a means towards inter- national trade union unity."
It was advisable, said Mr. March- "The choice is whether we shall | bank, to bring about unity among the take a step which in our view would workers in the various countries to lead to war. Speakers have said: prevent Fascism being established in "You tlo nat want to send an countries that were still free.
The resolution indicated that those ormy, an air force or a navy." Well,
START FLARE-UP
Mr. 11, Elvin (General Council),
sak that | secofaling,
Antagonisms which could not easily be ifissipated had been created, and because of that there might be some opposition to the proposal."
"We are not going to be a catuse,
what do you want, to do? Do you steps should be taken through the by declared, "In order that the decir imagine that the British Government International Federation of Trade sion of this Cotigress ent be used in
in going to release arms of the Unions, France
Blum Spanish Government ad lib? to bring down the Government for other reasons."
At the end of his speech Mr. Bevin ONE SHOT CAN mode a magnificent appeal to democ- racy not to be railroaded into dis- aster by taking panic decisions.
"The Issue
before us is one of life and death," he said. "Upon us de- pends the road that humanity is going to take in the next hundred years. We must settle it with epol heads and cool judgment and not with our
emotions.
"If anyone knows what is going on in this country he will know that is not true. There will be a tremend- ous attempt to purchase arms in this country from private firms by the rebels.
"That is not the way to go to work, One shot red nerons the bows of a
Lo "Notwithstanding the dark cloudal ship may lead conflict on the us settle this
of dictatorship, democrney, if we coast of Spain. Let stand by it with courage, may yet set business with our heads and not our out on a road of peace and honour so emotions.
The resolution was carrieil. NO OFFICIAL
VISIT TO RUSSIA
resolution proposing an oficial delegation of the British trades union
Russia for the purpose. movement of studying progress there since the last official trades union delegation in 1024 was heavily defeated on a show of hands.
ANOTHER MISSING LINK
Dutch
Claim
Scientist's For Skull Find In Java
We question to be asked," he said, THE fossilised skull-cap of a prehistoric man, Pithecan- thropus erectus, has been discovered in Java,
"Frankly..I could not say yes los who shall control-the civil or
military power?
that."
Sir Walter declared that there were great sections of public opinion in this country which objected to take
sides in Spain.
Powers being divided into blocs, and There was grave risk of all the there might then be incidents which might precipitate a European war.
The danger was real.
Is any democratic Power, he asked, ready to take the risk of war on an} Incident of this kind?
POLICY NOT INFLUENCED
BY GOVERNMENT ·
"Democracy demands that the according to private advices. military force must be the servant of the State and not its master.
We are living in a world where International
The skull is regarded by its finder, the eminent Dutch
The Fascist Powers are growing tanec. law seems to count for very little scientist, Dr. Koeningswald, as being of first-rate impor- more dangerous and reckless. This is a warning that democratic nations cannot ignore."
STRONG ATTACK
ON COMMUNISTS
Dr. Koeningswald states, in a let-bearing on the origin of the Aus-
tralian aboriginal. ter to a friend, that the skull cap
Dr. Koeningawald is at present representing the Government of the apparently was part of the cranium
Netherlands East Indies in of a young individual, judging by its
International Congress of Anthro- length of only six inches.
pology in Oxle, Norway.
As a result of exact investigation
"We believed, on balance, that it
from the point of Fress which raised the delegates to a of the prehistorie records of Java,
ile then issued a challenge to Con- was better both view of Europe and Spain not to tremendous pitch of enthusiasm: take action that might lead to n
an conflict.
201
for
His evidence, according to a
AL a recent Beauty Show correspondent, is such that cre
no fear of the repetition Indians in America Princess Ta- Dr. Koeningswald and his colleague, is "Do we believe that democracy is Dr. P. V. von Stein Callentels, have of the report of the discovery by Lut was chosen as the most beauti-
an unskilled investigator of a pre-fut and best dressed Indian girl. worth saving? If we do we need not idethroned Pitheenathropus erectus historic human skull in Java some do not accept the gibe that we throw our weight about and threaten from his previous high position in years ago, are following the British Govern war on the Fascist Powars, but I feel man's ancestry, by placing him at a seriously the limo has come when the whole of the Democratic nations much later date than formerly be-Museum of National History travelled
must say to Hitler ang Mussolini:lieved. 'Don't take us too cheaply."
is not true."
Bevin again attacked the Com-
munists. He accused them of not playing the game.
the Middle
MAN'S ANCESTRY
To Be Happy?
A representative of the New York How Much Do You Need many thousands of miles, find on examination that the "skull" Was portion of the upper end of the hum-] erus of an elephant.
FIRST "JAVA MAN"
A recently retired chief Registrar of the London Bankruptcy Court says that "the maximum income a person needs to find contentment is £5.000.
When it 10
passes that aguro
the unhappiness frequently begins!**
Jaya
Pithecanthropus erectus, the
Dr. Dubola first discovered Man, in 1862, Th's fame and ope
ment.
"We are not even taking our policy from the Socialist-led Government of France. We decided our policy, and, with unpopular though it may be
He is placed in "The Democratie Powers have beep- large masses of our own people, we do it because we believe the polley is on the retreat. We have beth weaPleistocene Period, instead of the right, however distasteful, and aching our prestige, and the Fascists Flocene Feriod, to which the pioneer, assume that because we love peace Dr. Dubola, signed him. According policy which your wisdom will com- we will never defend ourselves. That to Dr. Dubois, he was the earliest
Quite apart from the monetary mend."
with its mixture of human and ape-side, one of the best ways to achieve DEMOCRACY MUST
Winding up the debate later fr. form of the evolution of man. like characteristics, was invested hoppiness is by ensuring regularity with mystery for 28 years, owing to of the daily habit by taking an occa- DEFEND ITSELF
the slowness of Dr. Dubois in push-slonal dose of Plakettes when needed. ing out his discovery to the world. These tiny boated liver and
laxative pills
stimulate the He pointed out that the same union recent discovery by Dr. Oppenort of Winding up for the General Coun-
A further discovery by him, that bowels in a natural way without ell, Mr. Ernest Bevin made a wither-which had an amendment down de-a group of at least 10 skulls belong- of the Wadiak Man, also remained griping or purging. ing attack on the Communist ele-manding intervention in Spain bad
undisclosed for 28 years after Dr. Pinkettes dispel constipation, ald Dubols had left. Java. ments who supported the demand another resolution on the agenda ing to an entirely new race, Homo
digestion, prevent billousness, correct for Immediate intervention in Spain. asiting Congress to oppose the arma-soloensis, emphasises the Importance.
The event that brought the Wadjak diarrhoea, sweeten the stomach, Bolled down to a sentence, he asic-
of Java in the investigation of man's
skull from the obscurity of Dr. break up colds, relieve piles, and by Ife said that the Communists had ancestry.
Dubois' fossil cupboard was the cleansing the intestinal tract remove sold senrcely a word about inter- By very accurate methods of cave publication, In 1020, of a monograph the causes of bad breath, pimples, vention'in Spala until the General excavation in Java and Malaya, Dr. by Dr. Stewart A. Smith, on the and other skin blemishes. The per- Council's polloy was knoWIL
Callenfels has been tracing the move- Talgai Man, an inhabitant of Aus- fect ver and laxative pilules,. "These are their usual tactics, mert and levels of very early human train, found in Queensland during Pinkettes, * aro obtainablo at all they are dishonest and the sooner cultures, which have an important that year.
chemists.
pull) ments programme.
ed them point-blank how they squared their demands with the deci alon of the Russian Government in favour of non-intervention.
Mr. Bevin, who raised the whole debate to a world-wide level, madei
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