10
THE
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. THURSDAY,
SEPTEMBER 3,
1936.
Men and Things Abroad,
DANGER SPOTS
Gulf of Finland
Narva
Tallinn
Bid Man
ESTHONIA
[iper
Kaur Maa
BALTIC
Tru
LA
SIA
Libau
Memol LITHUANIA
Kovno
POLAND
• Vilna
DOLL
CERMANY
“T
O facilitate the set- tleinent of those problems, the solution
of which is essential
to the peace of Europe."
Thus the communiqué at the nd of last week's London con- versations. It is the new pro- gramme: and it is deliberately vague.
1
Vague because Eden, Blum and Van Zeeland have realised that for three States to de- clare that this, this and this and nothing else are the prob- lem for solution would be to week everything at the begin-
ni
Bet what are the problems at What tim of their minds?
are the questions which might to- day, or in the next year or so, start
European war?
-
Any More 2
Of course, one answer to that is that the causes of war are deep and nothing really to do with the immediate pretexts.
On this theory war in Europe is sunter or later inevitable, because
The Cape-dows ractal struggle between Teuton and Slav for Teuton and Latiu, or Slav and fongol).
thu The tasoluble conflict between Porem Gad Democracy for Capi
alison and Communism).
1 The economic clash of rival in- dustrial States seeking markels.
b) The pressure of expanding. populations confurd within inade- qurte territory.
To the racial. Idealogica), eentoinic. and clear tie theories of war for any mixture of umme), you may, with a Bi£}t intenalty, and quite a lot of others.
Look Back
In all the same if would be a big mistake to overlook the fact that wars `do cotius over greife questions, and that I solutions can be found for specifio PREDALOUS, wars 100% br
woided,
You have only got to look back 'n einen years or so to find people pro -ohmytag axinrvitable--
1) A Russo-Rumanian tour oper Hensurabia.
of Europe
BY W. N. EWER
(b) A Russo-Japanese war over the Chinese Eastern Railway.
German-Puliah nar (0) A Silesia and the Corridor,"
over
(d) A German-Italian wear UVICT Austria.
(c) A Franco-German war over the Sear
And others, too, But the wars have not come, because, though "under- are not there. Iminedi- lying causes ate problems have been solved.
Danger Spots -
Immediate solutions then are worth while. What are Europe's immediate What nre the problems to-day? "dangerspots"?
Most people I suppose would answer: Memel, Danalg. Czechoslovakin, Aus- tria having for the monent slid from first pince well into the background. Danzig, Czechoslovakin, Memel, then. The names are familiar enough. But what are the questions which are seriously being debated as possible (and so presumably sufficient reason for a new World War?
Let us look at Meme!.
About Memeł
Memel, before the Versailis Treaty. was in Germany, right at the very p where the old Ruso-German Irond"r came to the Baltie Sra. It is a purely German town, with a few that
rural districte. Lithuanians 1 he around.
In 1919 was taken from Germany", because it was "the nuly possible out. let to the sea for the Lithuanian and White Russian countries behind.
But the Allies had not decided what to do about those countries, Hnd Tsariam lasted they would have been.
Now there given back to the Tsar. were some who wanted an Independent Lithuania: come who wanted the country united with Poland, that afraid Ali moment Lithuanis might "go Dol- sherik." To give a city to a country which might any day be a Soylet Re- public would be inost unwise.
were
nt
any
So the Allies kept Memel for the time being under their own control, unt they should decide its fate.
Thirteen Years Ago
There was talk of making in self- Koverning Free State; a prospect whlet. alarmed the Lituanians, who say the prize slipping out of their hands be cause # self-governing Memel would be a German Memel.
So in the early days of January, 1623, some Lithuanish "volunteers" entered Mentek, organ a "rislug." and appealed for help.
Lithuanian troops marched in: the Any French garrison surrendered..
The Puwers prutested. negotiated, acquiesced. The High Commissioner wis withdrawn. Memel was ceded to Athuania.under.constitions that it should love local self-government, "5"
There was sullen anger in Germany;
but these were the days when the French were in the Ruhr.
Since then Memel has been Lithu anian territory, but with a Home-Rule system, set out, in the "Statute of Memel and guaranteed by the four Principal Allled Powers": Britain, France, Italy and Japan
There a Litiuatiian governor and garrison: but an elected Chamber
is ap (Landing). The Directorate pointed by the Government and re- sponsible to the Chamber. The first elections in 1025 returned 27 Germans and two Lithuanians..
Since then there has bees n con- Uinual struggle. Lithuanian govern. ments have appointed pro-Liliumbian Dircetorates, in whom the Landtag has voted no confidence. The Landing has been dissolved and kept dissolved.
There have been momentary settle- ments tually after pre:stire on Lithi anla from the Pawers-and then the trouble has begun again.
Accusations
The Memellanders have accused the Lithuanians of violating the Statute. The Lithuanians have accuset the Mumeilanders of conspiring with Ger-
m2.13..
In 1002 things got to the point at which the Gerinan head of the Direc turule was dismissed and arrested. Thr Powers intervened. After a stormz diplomatic interlude the Lithuanian adopted a wiser attitude. Both sides beramo conciliatory.
There were two years of tranquillity. And then, becnust, of Naziams, it al: broke out again.
Biggest of all-Memel, ̧ And such a small city, "certainly not worth a European war.
"
Nazi
methods of trial were dubious. Germany
Jadignation. in raged Hitler la Retchatag #perch of May. 1933, denounced Lithuania as “a Stato which imores the most primitive lawa of human society."
Powers Intervene
The sort of situation which brings wars was developing rapidly. Again the Powers intervened.
Lithuania gave way, New elections were held last October: 24 Germana, A German direc- Ave Lithuanias. torate was formed. Tension cased again. Even Herr Hitler has declared himself for the moment more or les satisfied: satisfied enough to be will- ing to make a non-aggression treaty with Lithunnla,
But. all the saine, the problem is there.
At any time some foolish Nazi outburst or some footish Lithuanian interference might start the trouble all up again).
It is grotesque that Europe should be An danger of war because of the affairs of tiny elty of 38.000 inhabitants. with a surrounding district of about
HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION
Authorised Capital___ ....... Larved and Fatly Paid-up
Herve Funda
$50,000,000 20,000,000
Sterling £ 8,800,000 Hongkong Currency Reserve 10.000,00 Lezervo Liability of Proprietors $20,000,000
+
HEAD OFFICE:~[[ONGKONG.
BOARD OF DIRECTONA,
Hon. Mr. J. e. Patersone, Chairman.
G. Miskin, Faq., .Deputy Chairman.
Nuzi prap ganda and Nazi outrages in Mente scared the Lithuanians. Agulu the German directorate was 2015- The Landing was dismissed. pended by a ruse. A hundred Nazis were
Arrested and
on Hon. Mr. W. I. Oui. convicted charges of treason,and murder: the A. I. Compton Ed K. H. Morrison, Esa-
Ian Mr. S. H. Dolwell. T. F. Pearce, Esq., Hon. Mr. M. T. Johnson, A. L. Shields. Eaq..
V. 1. GRAÝBORN FA.. CHIEP MANAGEIL
Cure for the BLUES
PUTTING A
good Ince au things is a grand way to enjoy in,
HOY
BANGKOK
ATAVIA
COLOMBO DAIREN
HAIPHONG -SAMBUNG (ANKOW
MONDAY CALCUTTA and looking amnit does make a lot of
CANTON worries seem less worrying. Among FOO the new facial charmers are somo Manufacturers interesting lipsticks. have succeeded in producing 1p rouges DUCHOW that are sufficiently indelible to last for several hours without drying the lips. Another newcomer to the cosmetic counters is a lipstick which preventa) the colour turning "blue" on the lips. Many women find that after a short while their lips get a blurlalı look.
Lip pencils are gaining to popularity hero.
ARHIN [ONGKEW
LOILO trou
oNDRE
J. Masson. Estt..
BRANCHE91–
- KONE
OWLOON KUALA LUMPUR
AARON
LYONS
MALACCA MANILA
MUAR (JOHOES)
MUKDEN
NEW YORK
PEITING
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100,000 more. But sa it is. Memel is danger spot. definitely s problets and
Is it possible to get some settlement. Konie arrangement, freely agreed to by Germany and Lithuania and Memel itself, which will reconelle Memei nu- tomy with Lithuanian sovereignty? Will it, in the long run, have to bo decided at acquiescence in the Lithuanian putsch of 1923 WER I blunder, and that an arrangemeist which keeps 100,000 Germans In Lithuanian resentful situmission to sovereignty in too fraught with danger to be sensible?
Not Worth War. Should Memet be made a Free City and allowed freely to decide is owii destiny?
What of Poland's Interests and abare in the ad- claims in 1024 to ministration, on the ground that mast of the area which the port of Memel serves is Polish?
The Memet question has been created. And it has to be solved. For it very certainly is not worth a European war.
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