10
T
✩
THE
·HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
Men and Things Abroad by W. N. Ewer ·
HE 10th Assembly of the League of Nations is over. And it has left behind it a League changed unrecog- nisably from the League of its opening sittings last September.
It is not merely that since Inst September the League has made a great effort and has failed.
Defeat might not have mattered no much; but with this defeat has Kone a demoralisation so complete that it is hardly realised even now. The League, has lost, faith in it- self,has lost confidence in itself.
And while thal mood insts, (nor can'one see what is to change it) the League will not again take action, either to restrain or to ¿ppose an aggressor. Summing It Up
1210GER States are cynical; the nalter are disillu- stoned Each small-State," anid Mins Hesselgren, the only wornan delegate,
ask when its turn my come-and Flat without having any kope of the Lengue."
How, indeed, have any hope of the League?
"
For the debates inve made just ono, Hung certain: that the stumpt to re- -train an aggressor by economie Bano- 1:ons w-never be repealed.
All through the speeches has run that thread of argument,
"We put on the marimum eco- nomic Sanctions possible without war,
This maximum failed to stop the vogression,
"Therefore no economic Sanctiona eun stop an aggresskan unless accom- panied by military Functions.
"Therefore it da vertess to put on ceomatic Sanctions."
That is the snood of the League: and everybody knows il: ar doen talk trengthening reforms in September make any difference.
Never Again
THE fact that economie Banctions are done with: that the experiment of 1035 will not be
-
Whether the arginment la right or wrong does it matter. It is a ques-
an of conndence. There are plenty who beltevy that the argument in non- Lense: that econonte Sanctions, with out serious rik at war, could have been made effective.
But those who believe this believe is that "next time," like this time, I would be it down by the
rat Powers the moment it squted. reely political game.
And they are not going to be led up the paulen twice by Mr. Eden or any usly else,
Hemamier that for some of the
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FAITH IS LOST
in the League
smaller States-Norway, for example- the imposing of Sanctions has meant great ancrifice. They are not going to make such ancrifices again without thinking very hard. And to-day they are disgusted,
Lost Confidence
NOW the League has lost confidence in itself. Tho Powers, great and amall, have fast confidence in the League.
And remember that if no victim can now look with confidenca to receiving the prolection and assistance of the
· League, that has another side.
It means int no would-be upgressor will now look with any apprehension
resistance to meeting the
of the League. And that is fatal.
For the whole idea of the Lenguo na a peace-keeper is that its action against an aggresor should be no strong and xo certain that he dare not take a chance on it.
To-day Any would-be Aggressor knows that League action is not only not certain but very Improbable: that any really effective action is wildly improbable.
ife need no longer scriously take the League into his calculations. As a dai terrent It has, at any rate, for the time being, ceased to exist.
Out Of Court
the and
VEN morally, it is out
of court, Dress it
up
as you will, the fact remains that the leadership under League.
pressure of the Big Tree. 1s condoning aggression and will con done it, and will any recognise its resulta.
The careful avoidance of the word to the nat resolution is a programme in itself.
A famous 18th century epigram
runs:-
* Treason can Rever prosper;
what's the reason? Why, when it prospers none dare
call it treason."
Here is its 1938 equivalent:
Aggresalen can't succeed:
League, in sexsion,
thr
Says there success is, there is no
oppression.
The bulk of reform. or in the sunny language of the resolution- of "adapting the application of the principles of the Covenant to lessons of experience "-is idle.
So What?
THERE in not the least chance of any agreement
reformi in Beptember either on adaptation.
or
For the French, the Russians, thr Little Entente want to strengthen Article 18: the Brilish and most of the "neutral" want to weaken, or m.
it
The British and Belgians want France. Article 19 made a reality. Russia and the Little Entente will not hear of it.
After September the situation will remain in essence as it is to-day. And 10-day's doctrine Is Us:-
No economic action is worth white unless in support of military action. Therefore the Lengue in future will not act against an aggressor unless some of its members are prepared to take military action.
If military action is undertaken by a group then the rest of the League, may or may not knpose economic Sanctions m a supplement.
Millary action will only be taken by a Power or Powers whose "Interests are directly threatened by the agitres-
klon.
*
Pucts And Groups
the
FROM the League
utmost to be expected in tint it may support a Power or group of Powers acting in defence of their own interests.
And this is very doubtful: because the small States show ters and less In-
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WEDNESDAY,
SEPTEMBER
2, 1936,
LEAGUE
POLICE
Just tra-cup talk- Mr. Eden toith the Spanish and Portu- puese delegates at Geneva,
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REFORMS
Geneva, Sept, 1.
A suggestion that the authority of the League of Nations be supported
of by a proportion
armed forces from its members, is contained in New Zealand's proposals for streng- thening the Covenant.
Although the time-limit for pro rosals on reform, of the Covenant expires to-day, only five countrica have replied, of which the New Zea- Jand's suggestions are the most com-
New Zealand proposes. Inter alla, a nationwide plebiscite of all League members to decide Whether they cliuntion be drawn fanny way into n | Woi
would be prepared to join automa- conflict which is one of interest betically and immediately in sanctions, tween Great Powers. They will fear and whether, in such case, # Axei of their armed forces that cconomic Sanctions against one of proportion two powerful befilgerents will in-should be automatically and im- volve them sooner or inter in the war. medintely placed at the disposal of They will decide to remain neutral. the League.-Reuter.
There will, even in this case, be no "collective nellon,"
Collective action, In any genuine sense of the word. In rend. It was killed
last week 1 Geneva
Instead as i have feared for a long time-we are likely to have parts and groups and regloint agreements.
13ut, a la pointed out, unlear re gional agreements are definitely under the Covenant and subordinate to the Lengur, they will rapidly become mere albances.
And how can they now be in cur real sense attburdinate to the Leu? There was a significam phrase in Delbos speech,
He poke of the need fur groups based on a community of interests." ** superimposed on which will remain the obogations of international com munity defined by the Covenant."
Here's The Key
ments
TT is a key to the new allua- tion. The regional agres- are no longer a part of the League system, a supplement 10 the Covenant. Instead. The League itarit and the whole collective system becomes a superstructure, of a supples ment to the agreements,
The very thing of which I have been afraid for years is happening under our eyes.
The League did not die in Geneva Last week. But it came very near indred to death. It still has the power to act; but it has lost the will to act: it har lest all confidence In its ow authority and its own abiity.
They have made 1, in the Portwat Foreign Minister's phrase, “Hulle maps than a great exchange for the drevin of humanity, a great market place of unrealisable promises."
Some day the League muy revive: it Is perhaps, Fomething that it stim exists. But for the monient there is so far as effective forces are concerned no League. There are the clashing and rival interests of Great Powers. Let us not delude ourselves.
POPULAR POLICE
SERGEANT
PASSES AWAY IN HOSPITAL
from
A deep gloom is enst over police circles to-day because of the death of Lance Sergeant Fred Mintcy, f the Criminal Invesilgation Depart- the Gov- ment, who passed away at
Hospit at I p.m. crament Civi yesterday. Returning
lenve inly a month ago, Sergeant Mintcy was admitted to hospital on Monday.
Only 32 years of
age, deceased joined the Hongkong Police Force on September 19, 1930, and arrived in Hongkong in October that year. He was a native of Walsall, Staffordshire,
Lance Sergeant Mintey was one of the most popular officers in the Furce and besides being a useful foot- baller he was a regular member of the police cricket team. He turned the ou regularly for the police in League.
.
In 1933 he was commended for his work: in arresting burglars in Shamshulpo.
The funeral will take pince at the Protestant Upper Cemetery, Stubbs
p.m. to-day,
Houdt, n
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