10
HONGKONG THE
TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1936.
THE NEVER-ENDING SPANISH DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINES
TRAGEDY
A Hundred Years Of Chaos, Massacre, Cruelty
By C. A. LYON
W
When you look in detall at the wickednesses, the unfaithfulnesses,
OULD you hear the story of the Great the murders, shoolings, tortures that have been Spain's lot since 1800 they Spanish Tragedy?
seem enough to kill one's falth In "progress" for ever.
How a world Power
Indeed, the history of Spain since
crumpled up like a lofty the beginning of the nineteenth con-
building dissolving
dust?
into tury has in some ways been almost
that of a savage mation. Why has it all been?
How a cultured nation relapsed into such barbarism (and that dur ing the "enlightened" tilneteenth cenbury that a sober historian has said the Tuareg tribes of the Sahara could not have acted more cruelly towards each other?
How the
BY Y the year 1800 Spain, ance mistress of half the world, was hanging together only by the slicer force of tradition and hubit,
It was like a very delicate
of fellow-countrymen Icing-sugned Christmas enke, and as Velazquez. EI Greco, Cervanies have in a few decades committed soun as any, one gave it a jar it would enough sickening cruelties against fall to bitr, erch other to work"
darken
I suppose the
own,
A bomb was thrown at the wedding carriage of Alfonso XIII. — 1906
North acknowledging Don Carlos, leon. He ran after him, fawned on followed.
It was to be the source of most of Barcelona a kind of little State on its It was centuries behind the timer, him and gave himself up to be n the whole
and I had never been modernised.
tame prisoner.
Spain's troubles.
u kind of Some people wanted when
than The jar cane
Napoleon's average person
A hateful war ensued, a war be- The Spaniards were braver
republic. han a vague idea thai Spain is armies marched into Spain.
their king. But with the king gone tween the supporters of Don Carlos United States, others place where there have tren The miserable Spanish king Char- no organised resistance to the invader and Ferdinand's daughter, who be- Others federal cantons like Switzer
41 les IV. Would not stand up to Napo- was possible. Spain was fand care Queen Isabelin 11.
where everything revolved round Spaniard massacred Spanford with the king's sacred person; he gave dreadful ferocity, fall orders, and when he took to his The palace at Madrid was at-
Barcelona flared up. tacked.
Five heels no orders could be given,
Bart hundred people were killed in a street battic.
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But Spaniards everywhere, high and low, banded themselves Into wandering bands of free-lances, who inflicted great injuries on the French troops.
The guerrillas were patriots. But they sowed the seeds of Spain's tra getly.
When Napoleon liad fallen the guerrillas and the guerrilla habit sboot- the habit of sniping. of ing, of plotting and secretly organi- sing-remained.
I remains to this day,
land.
Country fell
to pieces
owin
The country simply fell to pieces Scores of Jesuits and friars were again. Each part had its
duties-and in the old massacred at Madrid by the mobs, Customs who believed that they had poisoned Spanish way the privates shot the oleers until the officers could the wells on behalf of Don Carlos.
Franciscan friars were butchered at execute the privates. Barcelona.
The feet joined forces with one There seemed to be no atrocity of the confused partisans In the that the race once renowned for struggle. chivalry would not commit.
the
A Go
Government general had mother of one of the leaders shot, and the rebels, for their part, had been shooting the wives of Royal- Ist officers. In Barcelona the mob was allowed to break into the prison and inassacre the Carlist prisoners.
THE stage was all set for
the great tragedy round Husband made a hermit
about 1814.
Note that--
(1) Spaniards come together when
there is a common for and quar- Some of the soldiers even rel In time of peace. They to kidnap the little queen united centuries ago to drive out own paluce.
at
In the Interests of international peser the British Ficet caplured it and put it in cold storage at Gibraltar.
"But for this it seemed probable have scen
the time that the world would the spectacle of the Spanish Royal Navy turned bue- caneers and raiding the high seas.
The republie anty Insted a matter of months.
Then the son of Isabelin, Alfonso XIL (whose mother was certainly tried Isabella and whose father-who?), kher was procialmed (1874). A Jot
of
people who had telegraphed their
the Moors To-day the Spanish Spain saw repeated in the nine- determination to defend the republie Socialists, for ever quarrelling, teenth century horrors that one with their lives forty-eight hours are now as one man agakist the thought had been forgotten for ever rebels.
(2) The Spaniard in naturally cruel. Or at least he has always had
an indifference to pain, almost
11
love of it. The early Iberians
astonished the Romans by chani-
ing their national songs when nalled to the cross. The Iberian
centuries before.
HERE seemed no end to
her misfortunes.”
Isabella, whose pusi-
mothers dashed their children to then would have been difficult in any death rather than that they case, turned out to be a queen who should be slaves. Here and shamed the throne. there in Spain one stili hears of The purentage of her children a brotherhood who eat them was only too much open to conjec- selves with sharp pieces of glass ture, and her scandalous method of for repentance,
ilyng shocked Europe,
the
(3) The Spaniard is excitable. If She condemned her husband to postiran only leaves a letter a hermit's life in a hunting castle at the wrong house the Spaniards and made companions of various will-make political quarrel and Army afflcers. a street fight out of it.
in
So when the Spaniards were left
chaos
no leader and with with no great cause to fight for, after the end of Napoleon, the troubles began. From that time onward, from the time of the break up of Old Spain, the unhappy peninsula became
Whithat she had the mind of a chlid,, and the heiress to all the stately ceremonial the Spanish monarchy made long noses at her Ministers and stuck her tongue out at them when they turned their backs.
There were risings against her in
blood bath, a blood bath that went 1854. In 1857 the military lined up on and on and on.
and shot dead ninety-eight rebels in Charles IV's son Ferdinand VII. Andalusia.
before sent their protestations of loyalty
to the newspapers-and the fighting went on as usual.
Tiere were anarchist outrages In ilustrial towns. Anarchists threw bomba luto Theatres. The for- Government retaliated with lure.
THE new regime lasted
less than fifty years. Here are some of the incidents during the life of Alfonso XII. and his son Alfonso XIII
King fired at
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1877
Conspirators garolled,
3/15-
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138-1
Attempted military insurrec
tlon. Cartagena - Mutiny at Cartagena Revolt of Madrid garrison Barcelona under martial law 1890 General strike in Barcelona.
40 deaths Attempted
1884
1880
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assassination of King Alfonso XII, on liis wedding day
- 1000
So Spain's unhappy story goes to a perpetual accompaniment
exccutions
deportations,
and
came back to rule the seething New A priest stabbed her, but she was on Spain
with its 300,000 war saved by her whalebone corsels, The af destroyed houses and its bands of priest was garotted; his body burned. through the riots over the unsuccess- plotters and guerrillas.
In 1800, the Governor of the ful Moroccan war, down to the de- The king was one of the worst Balearic Isles landed with 3,000 parture of Alfonso XIII, Spain had ever seen. He amused troops to put himself by appointing Ministers, Isabella's father on the throne, but Cruelty that keeping them for a week or two was defeated and (naturally) shot. and then sending them off to prison. There were revolts against him.
"Exterminating
Angel"
In the middle. of all this the king was preparing to send bis unpaid ill-fed, half-naked troops to their deaths in a colonial ex- pedition. They matinied.
A "Society of the Extermin- ating Angel" working on behalf of the king against those who re- belled against his tyrannies, spread terror through the land.
The corpses of the king's enemies were dragged through the mud of Madrid. Garrisona revolted. Bar- celona, Valencia, Pamplona rose.
A rebel leader was taken through the streats in a basket drawn by an ass, then hanged and quartered-as in the Middle Ages.
IN
this atmosphere Ferdin- and died.
a male relative of
In January, 1800 there was an in- surrection at Aranjuez, singes of other towns, and later in the year 200 prisoners were shot following a revolt in Madrid.
is a disease
Even that did not heal Spain of the great disease of her countrymen -killing each other. 1868. Insurrection of the Flect. There have been three revolta un-
Governor of Burgos mur, der the republic. dered in cathedral ・・・ more slaughter at Cadiz. Revolution, loving things happened in one town:
Isabella deposed in a plot in which her own sister took part.
HEN the crown of un-
happy Spain was hawked.
丸
round Europe.
It was tried on the King of Portugal, on cousin of Queen Victoria, and on an Italian prince,
All of them decided It did not quile fit thera.
In one of them; in 1934, the fol-
Inhabitants were beaten in the streets. Three men living in a house, one il in bed, were shot dead; an old man was shot before the eyes of his thirteen-year-old grandson by the Government troups. Another man was flogged mer- ellessly; his manacled corpaç, cut to pieces, was found Inter.
A gipay woman was beaten to death,
The rebels' houses had been set fire to with petrol-soaked balls of Eventually they found an excellent, cotton wool. Six men were machine- cornest Italian, Amadeo, Dulco of gunned; fourteen more collected and Aosta, to take on the job.
shot.
He stayed two years, and did not take a penny of the money voted him by the State for his trouble, be- cause the knew the Treasury was in low water.
FIVE HUNDRED years ago.
the Spaniards banded
He decided he did not like the old This made things worse. Spanish customs when his carriage together to expel the Moors. Now Ferdinand, three times married and was fired on an ho was driving to a the Spanish rebels have brought the childless, had at last married his circus, and abuleated. own niece, and surprised the world by becoming the father of a daughter,
When he died his daughter was pro- elaimed
but his brother, Don
Moors back-s troops to Aght the Government. The Moors have the reputation of a cruel race.
But nothing any Morrish force does is likely to be more cruel than HAOS again: A republic the things Spaniards have been, do- CHAOS
was proclaimed. Anda- Ing to Spaniards for the last century A great breach of the royal family lusia ruled by Socialist agitators, the or so.
Carlos, claimed the throne as the male hair.
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