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RED RAIN in the EAST
By Ian Mackay
Russia fears for her safety.
To the East is japan. To the West Germany. Primarily she relies on her vast armaments · and her milions of soldiers to safeguard her frontiers. In this article lan Mackay examines their efficacy and their size.
ALTHOUGH the eyes of the
world at the moment are fearfully focused on Europe and Africa, there are many well-
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The
view that when Mars decides to march again in real earnest ho will start off in Mongolia.
Stalin
clearly holds that opinion and his recent warning to Japan to keep off the Soviet grass, though it may have offended the punctilious suscep-. tibilities of classic diplomacy,
Six battalions of infantry drop from the skies. Spectacular, but how useful?
loft the world in no doubt about armies, the army of the West for the Soviet Government ad- pilots in war time would be and the army of the Orient. mits frankly that the actual enormous. Kaganovitch knows Russia's intentions. And EL study of the strength and dis- At the beginning of this year expenditure in recent years has this and his job is to keep the positions of the Red Army and the motive strength of the Red always exceeded the estimate force at a level where it can be reasonably maintained. Ten Air Force shows that when Army was 1,300,000, but it by a few milliard roubles,
Hongkong Telegraph. Stalin says he will fight it is no Russin the Army includes the spent on? Voroshilov gave us Air Force. To-day it
should be remembered that in What is this money being years ago there was no Soviet
THURSDAY, APR. 16, 1936.
UNITED STATES AND NEUTRALITY
A fierce controversy still rages in political circles in Washington over the rights and duties of neutrality in war. Responsible statesmen have made it clear that the United States has no in- tention of being dragged into another world conflict, and the vast majority of the people are agreed on thia-point. But there is a marked conflict of opinion as to the best way of keeping the
nation out of war. The Isola-
tionists, aided by many who are influenced by the scandals in the trade in arms, recently brought to light through the activities of Senator Nye and his group, be- lieve in putting an embargo un the supply of arms (and there is: much support for extension to all war materials) to both belli- gerents. It is argued that the! profit should be taken once and for all out of war. Where there
bombers.
RUSSIA is ready with Air Force is the largest standing machines army and the most powerful Air Force in the world; Accurate statistics in such a
not
be expected, but it is no
*
is the
mere Fat Boy of Peckham boast. Air Force and the Navy as well. the answer in the amazing film largest, in the world, but there The first ne strength of the of the Kiev manoeuvres which are signs that saturation point. at least 3,000 was shown recently at the has been reached. of which 700 are Soviet Embassy. Millions are In the Kiev film the big mo- being poured out on mechani- ment was the landing of six sation, training, fortification, haltalions of infantry, complete industrial conscription and or- with tanks, machine guns and BUT these figures are ganisation and the establishment artillery behind the enemy lines. swiftly changing situation can-
probably out of date of the Air Force.
As a spectacle nothing like it overestimate to say that at Tukhachevski-who represented speak of the Russian steam military expert with whom I
already.
Marshal In the last war we used to has ever been seen, but a great least a quarter of the entire Russia at King George's funeral roller, To-day the steam roller discussed it said it was more Soviet forces are nt present ---Kave some statistics at the has developed wings and taken interesting than important. It lined up in the Far East. Dip last Soviet Congress which are to the skies. Away there on the was significant, too, that even in lomatic necessity has compelled really staggering to the English Mongolian prairie the yellow the film this, tremendous bolt the Soviet Government to re- mind. Between 1931 and 1934 men and women have ceased to from the blue, failed in its ob volutionise its military machine the equipment of the Red Army wonder at the red sails in the jective. on 11 scale and speed un- increased in this ratio:
sunrise The roar of air en- paralleled in history.
The defending force coun- 2476 per cent. gines has become part of the tered by rushing up thousands
760 per cent, routine of their lives.
of troops in lorries and driving 792 per cent, Oncial statements have been the invaders away. The attack- 240 per cent, made that Russia is aiming at ing force would have been better 450 per cent, a first-line air strength of 5,000 advised to have used its uir 700 per cent. machines, Kuganovitch, Stalin's strength for bombing, and 1 330 per cent. right-hand man, has been ap; should not be surprised if Voro- 535 per cent. pointed Director of the Central shilov, who is above all a realist, Soviet statistics are notorious- Administration of the Aero- will send his parachutes back to ly unreliable and a page from nautical Industry, and every; the quartermaster and ask for their Budget looks like one of one outside Russia admita that
Whippet tanks The country is so vast that in
Lighi tanks Ime of war it would be im- Medium tanks possible to switch huge armies Artillery from Enst to West. nt a mo- Anti-tank ment's notice as Ludendorff did Machine guns during the Great War. Russia. Aeroplanes therefore, has in effect built up Submarines two separate and independent
guns
NOTES OF THE DAY those tantalising tables which under his guidance production
PLANNED EMIGRATION
Sir James Jeans works out over has improved tremendously both his breakfast egg. But I doubt in quality and quantity. Under if Einstein himself could wade him is Tupelov, the designer of through the Moscow Budget and the Maxim Gorki, who is build- emerge sane at the end. ing up the bombers.
bombs instead.
men who control this ferri- ble machine. It ja difficult for us to imagine an
WHAT about the
The steady increase in Govern- ment encouragement in fields which were once left to individual But for what they are worth Hitherto the Russians were army run by politicians. Voro- initiative and enterprise is again here--are the military-budgets-hypnotised-by-size, but Tupelov-shilov, the Generalissimo of the is now concentrating on the Red Army, is also a member of demonstrated by the appointment for the last three years:
construction of twin-enging in the Politburo-the Council of stead of four-engine bombers, Ten--which really runs Russia. It was found that the monstrous This body is an exclusive that
of an "Overaca Settlement Board" 1934 1,665,000,000 roubles
Is no actual embargo, it is held, only normal trade should be to deal with the problem of 1936 6,500,000,000 rouble's carried on, and the Government emigration. AL ane time 1936 14,800,000,000 roubles should not protect traders under individuals or families emigrated" Translated into English four-engine machines had to even Litvinov is not a member war conditions. So far as the either from a spirit of adventure money this year's expenditure is carry so much fuel that their of it.
or because they AAY greater | £692,000,000. Apart from the range was limited and their Voroshilov is also Minister of Government is concerned, there economic opportunities oversens Post Office and the Service of bomb carrying capacity res- War and Defence. Imagine Mr. is apparent an equal determina- than they saw at home. The so- the Debt this is more than tricted. The weak point of the Duff Cooper filling the triple tion to keep the country out of called "new" countries were Great Britain spends on every- Red Air Force is the personnel role of Cabinet Minister, Minis- war, but it would like less need of more men and women to thing in the course of a year. A force of over 3,000 is terribly tor of War, and Commander-in-
develop their reseurces, but AR rigidity in the means of doing these resources
were developed But this is not the whole story, unwieldy and the wastage in Chief of the Army, Navy and so the President should have opportunities were not yo many more discretion in using em- or so great for newcomers. Some!
in
Air Force. Obviously Marshal Voroshilov, who is only 54, is a
bargoes and restrictions, if they years ago the British Government SIDE GLANCES By George Clark man to watch,
sums on
11
considerable #pent could be shown to shorten war, assisting emigrants to go to the even against the aggressor in Dominions and the Colonies in or- that war. All these sections offer to ease the unemployment pro- opinion appear willing to give blem at home. The schemos then up, in practice, much of the pre-evolved were not always success- war and post-war "rights" of ful. The territcries concerned neutrals, the defence of which could not always absorb the type led America to demand and to of men and women who went there build a fleet equal to that of from the United Kingdom. Now the beneficial Britain. They stress, rather, it is hoped that the "duties" of neutrality, and movement of population within move away from the old "free-the Empire will be resumed on
planned basis. The new "Oversea dom of the seas" doctrine. "Can Settlement Board" will have to ex- we afford neutrality?" they ask. amine all schemes which involve So far, the Isolationists have had state assistance or interference the best of the argument, but the in any way, and develop a sound actual working of the new kind and realistic policy. One proposal of neutrality in regard to the which has been made by experts war between Italy and Ethiopia is that plans should be prepared would seem to have given fresh for the movement of population: vigour to other extremely power-in mass, to be financed wholly or ful groups, those who champion in part by Governments. Instead the old doctrine of the "freedom of movements by individuals, they of the seas" and insist on the want to see the establishment of right of American citizens to whole now communities. It will trade in war as in peace, except be some considerable time before in contraband or with blockaded definite proposals are made by the parts. The main force behind new Board, but we may be sure their 100 por cent. claim to that we have seen the end, in yet another field of national activity "rights" is to be the American and interest, of the old easy-going Navy. If the Navy cannot methods. guarantee "freedom of the sens"
it must at once be increased.
The dislike by this group of em-able that America would ever bargoos and trade restrictions in abandon the doctrine of the time of war was powerfully re-freedom of the seas. The dis- inforced recently by the inter-puta still continues, and more national lawyer, Judge Basset will doubtless be heard within Moore, who trounced the now the next month or so, when the neutrality as "homicidal and sui- Neutrality Bill is due to come up Icidal" and said it was inconceiv-ngain for consideration.
"Oh, Jerry writes the most terrifying letters to the light and
gas poople."
Then there is Budenny, the Corsair of the Steppes, the comic-looking little man with the sweeping moustachios, who swept Wrangel and Denikin and a lot of other White hopes into the gloom of forgotten things. He is an old soldier who fought for the Tsar in the old days. When Trotsky turned a rubble into a revolutionary army "he picked this incredible creature as his chief lieutenant. He is the Marshal Ney of the Russian Revolution, but unlike Ney he will not finish up in front of a firing squad. If he is killed it will be on the back of a horse,
Kaganovitch I have men- tioned. He is the only Jew in the Politburo and his job is to restrain the ardour of his com- rades.
One more man matters in a big way, Ordzhonikidze, the Commissar for Heavy Industry: Like Stalin he is not a Russian but a Georgian. He is responsi ble for seeing that Voroshilov gets what he wants. He and Kaganovitch-who is the Hore- Belisha of Russia, responsible for transport as well as aircraft production are the men who deliver the material without which the army would freeze into uselessness. And in the end it will be on them rather than on the generals that Russia will have to depend when the guns begin to roar.
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