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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1936.
CASE FOR BIRTH worked in family groups whereby the
CONTROL
ADDRESS BY MRS. SANGER
father was getting paid for what his children did. As long as parents who' could not support two or throo child-
ITALIAN CHARGE
ren were encouraged to bring 10, 12 BRITAIN AND ITALY'S er 14 children Ino the world, there would always be child labour.
Unemployment
A
ETHIOPIAN CLAIM
Rome, Feb, 20. A document, Speaking of unemployment Mrs.
purporting to be a Sanger said that the inbour_mving
private report on Britain's attitude devices had increased during tho pasu
towards Italy's claims in Ethiopia, which was presented by Sir John 20 years with amazing rapidity.
Malloy,
Governor-General of the moró electric machine could make
than 2,000 men Sudan, to the British Foreign Ofico, bulbs in one hour without machinery, America would
wald, given great prominence by the
*** | Giornale d'Italia, always carry the load of unemploy and the country resorted to adult male labour. Personally, she thought that America would never resort to this method as a solution to the pre sent day problem. Birth control was however, ono solution. Birth control had been at work and where it had worked, it had dơng woll. It had reduced maternal and intantile mor- tality and raised the standard of living. There were about seven im- portant reasons
expressing the opinion that linly will do everything possible to gain control of Ethiopin even though she be con tent at present with partial acqulal- lion of the country.
SEVEN POINTS Mrs. Margaret Sanger,
Pre- sident of the Birth Control Inter- national Information Centre, Lon- don, delivered an, interesting and Informative lecture on the subjectment unless machinery was scrapped, Sir John Maffey is eredited with of birth control Lefore a large and representative gathering at the Roof Garden Hongkong Hotel yesterday afternoon. Professor W. C. W. Nixon, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Hongkong University, prosided.
Anung those present were Lady Southorn, 08., Lady Pollock, Bir Robert Ho Tung, Hon. Mr. M. K. Lo, Mr. W. J. Carrie, President of the Urban Council, and Mrs. Carrie, fr. R. A. D. Forest, of the Colonial Secre tariat, Dr. G. D. R. Black, Mr. A. Morris, Directo of Ambulance of the St. John Ambulance Broo, Dr. J. Ho Dr. Arthur Salicy, Dr. J. Howard Mont Poster, Dr. E. 1 gomery, Dr. M. 0. de Souza, Dr. (Bilss), P. Bottonton, Dr.
Major V. Duclos, Mrs. Gerrard,
Hard, Mr. W. N. Thomas
T
A
MT
L
Tam, Mr. M. W. Lo, Rev. H. W. Baltes, Rev. J. D, MacLean, Rev. K. Mackenzie Dow, Mr. W. A. Zimmern and Mr. F. II. Losoby
Professor Nizon, introducing the speakers, said that Mrs. Sanger and Birs. How Martyn had very
kindly stopped in Hongkong to speak on the rather vexed question of birth con- trol. Mrs. Sanger had been in prison eight Umes before the War as sho had been regarded as a heretic but he was glad to say that one of the Judges who tried her caeo was subse quently present ni a birth control meeting.
should be practised,
Sir John is further represented as pointing out that no vital British in- terorts are involved and stating that Britain's chief concern is in conne tion with the headwaters of the
the Nile,
why birth contra " corridor to
or
in the event of Italy being established in Ethiopia, would (1) A man or woman with a
the Sudan" transmissible
disease
should have falling this Britain should endeavour children. If birth contro
to obtain less onerous conditions : ns than
no
A
Inquiry
of people, then Mrs. Sanger strongly falled in respect of this type regards the Lake Trana Dam project recommended sterilisation.
are stipulated by Ethiopia, It is recalled in London that (2) Wemen who have temporary British inter-departmental diseases, much as tuberculosis, disease was held last spring in consequent of the heart or kidneys, should be of Itailan enquiries of the preceding protected not only from child birth, January, regarding British Interests but pregnancy until cured.
in Ethiopia "It Is
is pointed out that their reparts, presented in June, 1985, considerably preceded the action of the League of Nations in naming Italy the aggressor and had no rela- tion to Britain's duties as a Leaguo
(3) Parents who although healthy. yet give birth to children that are abnormal (deaf, blind, etc.) should be encouraged not to have any more children,
w(4) Women, capecially those of the Working class with a low income, should have their children spaced at least three years,
member.-Beuter.
•
London's Rejoinder
London, Feb, 20. Deparmontal enquiries are being made into the circumstances of the leakage of the Maffey document.
(5) Economy. It was socially im- moral for parents to have 10 or 12 children when they could not afford to take care of Livo.. The respon- sibility would fail on the elder child
Meanwhile it is officially pointed who would have to work and toil all out that the Report supports the Bri- lay to look after and care for his ortish claim that Britain's backing of her younger brothers and sisters. the League over the Ethiopean Issue (6) Adolescence, which was the has been disinterested, as it la shown period between 14 and 23 years for that the British interests are limited boys, and 12 and 22 for Kirla. While to Lake Teana and certain grazing children marriage seful and the latter part of
rights. adolesence beneficial, postponement of parenthood
Adjustment marriage. Young people should be encouraged to wait and keep the period of adjust ment after marriage.
Professor Nixon said that Lord Dawson of Poun and Lord Horder had supported birth contol. There was no doubt that children born within a year of each other ran a far greater risk of non-survival than born within two or three years of each other.
Mrs. Sanger's Address · Mrs. Sanger said that she believed that birth control hnd atruck not only the West but also the East, as a whole. There was no other subject of equal importance. George Bernard Shaw had said that it was "the
most revolutionary idea of this century" and Dean Inge had agreed that birth control "had como and come to stay." Lord Dawson of Penn went before the Anglican Bishops some years ago and, in
was most essential.
to
No Injurious Effects
It is understood that the report contains the findings of the depart mental inquiry to examine British and Italian interests in Ethiopla.
However the precipitation of events, when the League declared Italy the aggressor, superseded the report,!. which, therefore, was not published,
No diplomatle representations to Romo are likely as the Report was never communicated to Italy.
Diplomais Angry
Rome, Feb. 20.
Diplomats are agitated at the re-
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18.
Mra. Sanger went on to deal with three means of controlling the birth Tho published coralon consists of a rate, namely, the raising of the age short, carefully selected extracts from in India and the Far East; steriliza-lenght and is not to be published. of marriage such as has taken place the report, which is of considerable tion, which did not imply descxing despite the Italian "revelations.”— of male or female; (in 24 States in Reuter, closing his address, said that if they would not open their eyes and America sterilisation was at present ears, they would have to close their taking place); chemical and mechani- Jaws One had to look at the subject cal means of contraception, and this with a brond mind. Birth control
was where most of the argument did not disturb life but was a means
aroso. In America there were over of limiting the family. It was the 125 clinles and from the experience sult of the publication by the key note in a new sociał zwakening,
gained it was positive that no in- Giornale D'Italia of the summary of Some people would ask why control
effects were suffered. Con- the purported socret British report the birth rate, and others would say, cluding Mra. Sanger said that birth by the Commission headed by Sir that there was an unlimited space
and John Maley, and dated, June in the world for everybody.
divorces. Her great aim was to have 1935, in which Italy's paramount in Mrs. Sanger said that she would deny these statements. Nature in the these methods of birth control in the terost in Ethiopia is recognised, and hands of public health authorities, asserting that Italian control might past had used wars, floods, pestilence where proper instruction was made benoit British territory and famine to maintain the balance
available to-cach-individuni. They The report frankly discussed the in every community and in every had the means and methods for possible disappearance of Ethiopia's nation. At the present day it was nearly every condition now-a-days, independence, which would necessitate either an increase of death rate or and they were not expensive.
British action to attain territorial a decrease of birth rate, and ons could
control of Lake Tsana, plus a corri- not have it both ways. The situation
dor linking Lake Tsana and the Sudan, in modern times was further aggra"
due to the connection of the lake with vated by the fact that immigration
Nile irrigation, had been entirely suspended in every country with the possible exception of South America. "If there was no control in birth rate, the situation as It now exists would be further aggre- vated
"We
hope that we are bringing a message of hope that may be fulfilled in China. We want our young people to think of their bodies as holy temples," said Mrs. Sanger, In con- clusion.
The report said that in the event of Italy absorbing Ethiopia, Britain must do her utmost to ensure equal treatment for British Interests in that country, and the maintenance of the Open Door-United Proza,
Mra, How-Martyn's Addresa Mrs. How-Martyn said: I have It was unfair to tax the normal and been asked to speak this afternoon healthy in order to keep the ill- on the part the British Government equiped and defective ones. Yet, at
taken in the Birth Control Movement tive body in the world to take such the
In England. To make prosent moment this very thing
present action. was tolerated. Without some control
position clear' must explain that the over the l-equiped and defective, the
Birth Control Movement has a history situation at the present time could of 60 years in England though it was not be reconelled.
not known by the name birth control until 22 years ago when Mrs. Sanger
the
Government Action
Mrs. Sanger drew the attention of those present to the countries whero invented the phrase much attention birth control. This was followed by
During the War
birth control was practised and had been practised for some ten years or so past, and compare them with the countries where such was not the case. In France, England, Germany, Finland, Denmark, and the Scandina vian countries the power of fertility had been under control. There were fower children born but they were given much better opportunities to grow to full maturity and were born into conditions that were a great deal more favourable than otherwise would be the case. By birth control, familles had children at spaced in told the torvals which gavo the women a chance to recuperate fully between cach pregnancy, with a consequence betterment in the standard of health, and there were no horrors of abortion: Mothern word able to develop any talent that they might possess, and those in professions were able to get back to work. Families, on the whole, were spiritually, mentally and physi cally bettered.
Consideration.
was given to the welfare of mothers and children by the English Govern- ment and so successful was the work in lowering infant mortality that the Government made it compulsory on Public Health Authorities to set up Maternity and Child Welfare Centres all over England and Walca. The Malthuslan League with 40 years stendy work of advocating the regula- tion of the size of the family accord- ing to the health of the mother and the economic resources of the family Government through its President Dr. Allen Vickery Drysdale, that to get the full benefit of these new. services mothers must be able to get reliable birth control advice. the reports, of the Registrar General It was clear at this time, 1917, from that the upper and middle classes were using birth control; to space and to limit their families but that the poor, who could not afford to pay for advice and appliances, wore still bringing large families of unwanted children into the world. It was not a qucation of principle it was merely a lack of knowledge due to their poverty.
At the General Election threo years later every candidate for Parliamnet was asked whether if returned he would I support Government action for a conference of public health thorities at which the following resolution was carried with only three dissentients,
au-
That this Conference calls upon the Minister of Health and public health authorities recognize the desirability of making available medical information on methods of birth control to married people who need
It."
This was sent to the Minister of Health together with a list of public health authorities supporting it and a few months later the Minister issued Memorandum 158 M.C.W. in which the Government consider that on medical grounds whore further health advice on contraceptive advice pregnancy would be detrimental to should be given to married women attending the, Centres. Four years later in 1954 the grounds on, which the medical officers at welfare contres could give birth control advico were extended to include mothers suffering from any disease such na tubercu loals, heart disease, venereal - disease as well as disonaes directly connected |with pregnancy in fact in those cases in which. further pregnancy would be detrimental to the mothers health, Municipalities and other public health authorities can now legally
pond
A race would not die out. It was not selfish to have smaller family, rather it was the reverso. It clearly demonstrated that consideration was, To help poor families and to show being given to the children born or the Government what could be done to go oven further, to the children yet the Malthusian League opened 'n' unborn. In the other national groups, modal Clinic, in which birth control where there were very large families, advice was given This Clinic known provide birth control services from of with the horrors of too frequent pro as the Walworth Women's Welfare charge to the recipients and
Clinic in one of the poorest parts of public money in doing so. the health of the mother was fuavitably impaired while the hope-Londen han dealt with nearly 60,000 Our chief work in England now fa lessness: of
the situation had advorem and other birth control use their powers. Manchester, Brigh- to paratiade the local authorities to. effects
on o
Every social The Losgue evil of to-day la to be found in this organisations set themselves to rouse ton, Bath, Birmingham are among the
affort to do away with group, In an
opinion and by means of the enlightened authorities. these evils, legislative methods had Press; deputations to Ministers, public What the British Government e
doos bean adopted generation after genere
mera- moetings - at which resolutions in at home the British Government tion. The United States of America favour of birth control advice being should permit to be done in a British had tried to do away with child given at the Municipal clinics were Colony. The Government yielded to laber. Many of thoso present, Mrs. carried, resolutions introduced and public opinion in England and if you Sangor sald were under the filusion carried by County and Town Councile creato public demand here you 'will that child labour had been dispensed and other public bodies, qucationing and the Government will acquiesce with totally by the incre stroke of mombers of Parliament,
publishing At the conclusion, Professor. Nixon the President's pop. She assured ali pamphlets, and leaflets, open air expressed thanks to Mrs. Sanger and that this was not the case. Chilld meetings and so, on. The first sign Mrs., How-Martyn for their very able labour did in fact still exist, and was of succesS existing at the present moment in House of Lords carried Lord Buck The Hon. Mr. Lo, on behalf of the
was in 1920 when the addresses... the age of 14 years still toll, but nor Government, action-the first legisin to Professor Nixon for presiding. America. Millions of children under master roscitition in favour of gathering, proposed a voto of thanks
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