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THE
STUDEBAKER
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
FIRST SHIPMENTS
duc
19th December
1936
1985.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19 TOT
History of China is
The
FROM 1925 to 1935 is an
infinitesimal span in the history of China. But it
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BOTTOMLEY.-At the, Victoria. Hos- pital, Hongkong, on December 19, 1935, to Mr. and Mrs. J. II. Bottomley, a son.
Thursday, December 19th, 1935, to
Smith, son.
The
Hongkong Telegraph.
THURSDAY, DEC. 19, 1935.
may be richer in history than any century in the story of the oldest civilisá- tion known.
The period in question be- will, when recorded,
the so. come .not much
history of China, but the history of its Dictator, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. "Dictator" is a word he detests, but it is no less applicable to the young ruler of the destinies of 100,000,000 people than it is to tho Hitlers, the Stalins and the Mussolinis of the Western world.
with
in his Hands
CHIANG KAI-SHEK and MADAME
Foreigners are no longer regarded as "foreign devils".
NOTES OF THE DAY tually these two provinces will in Kiangsi.
WILL OF THE PEOPLE
#
WHEN, in 1934, General Chiang
Chinese Government
(Both Played by Jack jackson's Orchestra). POVERTY PROBLEM:
A SUGGESTION BD-237 Squibs-Fox Trot (Film "Squibs")
Thanks to tho prominence given to the subject during the past few days, the problem of local poverty is securing a deal
The first of the three principles of serious notice at the moment. upon which the Political Council Whatever may be the root cause is to direct the affairs of Hopei and of the evil, the dominant fact is Charhar, under the new "autonomy"
is that
the that the poor are with us and scheme, their needs are urgent. If the appointments must be based upon faith of his forefathers and be the will of the people. Good words,
Christian, presumably Colony possessed the facilities of those; but with a faintly hollow came a poor law institutions, the prob-sound. The Political Council itself at the instign- lem would be much simpler of can scarcely be said to have been tion of his wife,
By A solution. Unfortunately, we can created by the will of the people, the history of not boast any such social service, but rather by means of a series China was
changed, al-TELEGRAPH” and, by reason. of financial of political manoeuvres, many of them secret, and at the instance of
few though stringency, there is little pros- powers which gave very little
have
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people who comprise the popula- tion of the world's oldest civilisa tion and its most backward nation. Laws that were passed in the olden days and which were designed primarily to prevent the introduction of foreign capital are being swept away. The realisation that both foreign capital and foreign experts were essential to China was stated in no uncertain voice by the Generalissimo in his October 10 message' to the nation.
►
For almost two years, since the birth of the New Life Move- ment, the entire time of the Generalissimo and his wife have been devoted to the task they have undertaken for the juvenation of the nation. There is no time for relaxation; no time for pleasure. Their only exercise is an occasional walk outside their well-guarded home.
Multiferous duties hold Chiang Kai-shek to his desk and Madame Chiang *labours with him. throughout the day and well into the night.
CHIANG Kai-shek was born in
of and
Chiang Kai-shek is 48 years old, and a native of Cheklang province. He is-and few Euro- pean people seem aware of this facta Christian. His wife- a woman revered by all whom she has come in contact--
1888 in a substantial, middle- is a sister-in-law of Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Chinese Republic, loyalty towards the Republic, first tour of the north-western class family, and as a boy was and is also a Christian.
Today, despite the semi-uu- provinces at the end of last schooled in the classics tonomy that exists in Kwang- year: In October, 1934, he ancient Chinese history
literature. His family for and tung and Kwangsi, and the visited Loyang to open a Military generations had controlled the operations MILITARY
study of tactics and strategy autonomous movement in North Academy, and had no intention salt monopoly in the Fenghua have occupied the life of the Chinn, there is more unity in the of proceeding further until it District of Chekiang province. Dictator of China since he was
was suggested that he should Young Chiang spent only a year LOCKHART-SMITH-At the Warn youth of 18, and until the New Chinese Republic than ever has
Sianfu, the cradle of at the Chinese military school. He obtained a cadetship at the Memorial Nursing Home, on Life Movement was horn last existed. The elements that go visit
wars have to N "Chinese civilisation. Accom-
Tokyo Military Academy, where Mable, wife of W. J. Lockhart-year he gave little or no time to to make civil
large extent been, wiped out. panied by his wife and the Young he remained for four years other affaira.
His time has been fully oc- Feudalism exists only where the Marshal, Chiang Hsuch-liang, absorbing the military know.. cupied placing the Nanking Generalissimo has not been able Chiang Kai-shek pakd a surprise ledge which German advisers
firm footing, to reach. To-day the Government on a
Com- visit to this old capital. It was had imparted to his Japanese fighting off his former friends, minists are scattered in the then that he began to see the instructors.
His return to China in 1911 the Soviets and the Japanese, hills in north-western Szechuen, real effects of offieinl neglect, and
the and replacing feudalism in
the Revolution which resulted in governments and the only serious opposition out of that visit arose the deter- coincided with the outbreak of with provinces maintaining some semblance of to Nanking is in Kwangsi and mination to begin a campaign the abdication of the last Man- Kwangtung. There seems no throughout the country on the chu ruler, now the Emperor of reason to doubt but that even- same lines as that began carlier Manchukuo. In this carly re- publicán movement young Chiang took a very minor part, either voluntarily, surrender
His first act was to call all serving for a time as a junior their quasi-independence, or be
foreign missionaries-Catholics officer in one of the units which and Protestants-to a conference took over the Shanghai area forcibly subdued.
at the Yamen. They were told from the imperial garrison.
Chiang took his first real step toward fume and power when he that the appreciated what the mission- was named superintendent of arles had done in helping the the Whampoa Military Academy Of the greatest im- people of China, and wished to at Canton.
co-operate with portance, at this period, to his them in the fu- eventual rise to power, ture.
Chiang's co-operation with the Commit-
political and military advisers tees were form-
who came to Canton from ed, comprising Moscow at the invitation of Dr. representatives Sun Yat-sen. In 1924, Dr. Sun good in the near future. The and possessions are involved, realised it until
Missions and of Bolshevik Military and political matter therefore remains one for Moreover, the fact that the Political now.
Com- the local Government and other organisation. Returning Paradoxically for treatment through the activities Council was inaugurated in secret of charitable organisations. because it feared demonstrations munism and Christianity are officials, to work under the New Canton, Chiang combined with Several bodies are engaged in on the part of antagonists in Peip direct antithesis--the six annual Life Movement, to establish his duties as military academy this work, each making its parti- ing is by way of being proof that and abortive campaigns against clinics, treat opium addicts and superintendent those of officer cular appeal on behalf of those so far as the will of the people is the Chinese Reds were also develop measures to assist in commanding an expeditionary
concerned it has not had much bear- concerned. As a practical con- ing upon the latest developments. responsible for the birth of suppressing opium cultivation. force sent against disgruntled tribution to the question, the However, let us grant that this first China's new deal. This is now
From Sianfu began the long southern generals.
Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, His thought suggests itself that it principle of the Political Council is called the New Life campaign.
aeroplane tour that took the might be possible, by some neceptable. Let us grant, too, that
1934, Chiang Kai- Generalissimo and his wife over mantle fell upon the shoulders - process of co-operative effort, to the second principle-that officials
ever made by a 1926, Chiang Kai-shek took the provide the Colony with suitable must share in the adversity as well shek began to realise that his the greater part of China-the of no one man. But in July, poor law institutions. His Ex-as the prosperity of the people, and campaigns against the Com- longest tour cellency the Governor, in his first that honesty is a first requisite of munists could not succeed if ruler of the country. Firstly to field as commander-in-chief of Lanchow, in Kingsu, and then the Nationalist armies and be- public office is admirable. But it carried out by military measures public utterance on his arrival is nothing new. Most governments, alone. Some way of reaching to Ninghsia, between the Gobi fore the end of the year had spoke of his interest in the work which even pretend to be good, the minds of the people would, and Ordos deserts, to Taiyanfu, succeeded in pushing northward which the various non-Govern would consider such a principle so he realised, have to be devised the capital of Shansi province, to the middle Yangtze Valley. ment institutions are doing, and fundamental as to be hardly worth, it would be an excellent start to mentioning. The third principle, in order to help the masses to and thence to Kaifeng, in Honan. In 1927 the Canton forces. Tsinan, in Shangtung, Peiping, occupied Nanking and Shanghai his term of office here if he were that friendly relations will be pro help themselves.
Kulgan and Suiyuan. In each outside the foreign settlements, to call together the officials of
He realised that military oc-
centre the co-operation of foreign and Chiang and his supporters various bodies dealing with
cupation of recovered territory missionaries was eagerly sought then set up the Nationalist poverty for the purpose of round-table conference with a does it become that the time has economic reconstruction in the tinnity. The tour, instead of king.
a position la analysed, the clearer must be followed up by social and by the newest disciple of Chris Government of China at Nan- view to exploring the possibility arrived when some concerted devastated areas and that, to lasting three days, lusted from to which we have referred. effort should be made to cope be effective, a national con- October to December, and al-
reforms
and
Kai-shek abandoned
WN6
pect of the deficiency being made thought to the masses whose lives People Staff Writer of each of the sent Chiang to Moscow to study
(Continued on Page 4.)
Early in
to
Financial backing for the scheme with the problem. The firstsciousness and spirit of mutual together more than 7,000 miles N 1927 he married Miss Soong
car and afoot.
Mel-ling, having divorced his is the first necessity, and in this step needed is some detailed co-operation must be aroused. was traversed by plane, train, first wif Miss Soong, the connection it might be possible examination of the question, and He saw that the immediate need"
present Madame Chiang Kai- to induce some of the more for this purpose we can conceive was the development of the the wealthy members of the com- of nothing better than the call-vitality of the spirit of
He witnessed terrible con- shek, was the daughter of a munity to assume responsibilitying together of the officials of all people, which seemed to have ditions in Szechuan, the former Christian pastor and graduate of hotbed of Communism, which Wellesly College, and was a for raising the necessary funds bodies concerned in its solution, been crushed. for the creation of these poor or the appointment of a Commis-
has suffered over 400 civil wars sister of the second Mrs. Sun The Generalissimo had not since the 1912 revolution. There Yat-sen. law institutions, this to be sion of Inquiry counting such followed up by
Her part in the history of a scheme in officiaris amongst its personnel. long since embraced the Chris- the peasants have paid their
19701 Taxes China will be no small one, for which societies interested in the The matter is one which vitally tian faith. What more practi- advance-until work would, with the promise of affects not only the health and cal than to put its tenets into
were not remitted, because it to his wife the present Dictator. regular public support, operate physical well-being of the com-practice?
was impossible to do so, but the probably owes everything. As respon- à military Dictator he would ATTRACTIVE BEAUTY BOXES the homes for the poor and inmunity, but also its social condi-
The New Life movement was petty administrations
sible for the situation were sum- sooner or later, have falled, just other ways be responsible for the tion and improvement. As Mr..
as all dictators must fail. But relief of the poverty-stricken de Martin rightly pointed out in devised by Chiang Kai-shek,
a saviour he may succeed. members of the community. his speech at the S.P.C, meeting, ably assisted by his most devoted marily dismissed. The familiar argument that the there is no more productive co-worker, Madame Chiang, na danger of
the Colony making cause of class and social hatred, an experiment for Kiangsi pro-OUT of the New Life move. His crusade is a dangerous, ex- provision for the care of the poor leading to crime and lawlessness, vince alone. In no time, how- might be un influx from neigh-than poverty, when the victims ever, it spread throughout the bouring territory is one that come to learn that their suffer- country. need not be seriously considered, ing has been due to our negli- it had in fact, already been ex-gence and indifference." On this ARLY in 1933, Chiang Kai- ploded by the experience of the ground alone, to mention no
shek began measures for the Street Sleepors' Society, as well other, it is essential that a scri- extermination of opium smoking. as that of other local organisa-ous effort be made to cope with Military-minded Chiang Kai- tions concerned with the relief of what is one of the Colony's big- ahek hardly realised the ravages the destitute. The more the gost problems.
of oplum until he went on his
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ment has arisen the Peoples' perimental one-one that will Economic Reconstruction Move- take many years to complete. ment, aiming at a systematic But the day that Chiang Kai- development of the natural re- shek, the Christian ruler of 400,-
methods.
with the mailed fist is much sources of China under modern 90000 people can dispense nearer than it was eighteen Foreigners are no longer re- months ago, when an excursion garded as "foreign dovila" but into Szechuan or other outback as people vitally necessary to provinces would have meant the well-being of the 400 million death and not New Life.
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