PICTORIAL SUPPLEMENT
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1934.
PAGE THREE
SOVIET RUSSIA'S AMBITIOUS SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
FINAL LIQUIDATION OF
CAPITALISM
COMPLETE
MECHANISATION AGRICULTURE.
OF
ENORMOUS INCREASES IN QUOTAS OF MANUFACTURES AND COMMODITIES
The elimination of age-old contradictions in human society, and of the contrast between the city and the village, the raising of agriculture to the plane of ordinary industrial enterprises and the material welfare and cultural improvement of the workers, are the ideals expressed by the framers of the Soviet's Second Five Year Plan, the details of which have now been disclosed.
THE NEXT TASK.
Enormous increases in production of every type of manufacture and commodity are pro- posed, the increases amounting in some cases to 600 and 700 per cent. The theses on the second Five Year Plan of the development of national economy of the U.S.S.R. (1933-1937) have been published in Moscow, in preparation for the forthcoming 17th Congress of the Communist Party of the Sevict
Union.
The fundamental political task of the second Five Year Plan con-
aists in final liquidation of capital- ist elements, and of the classes in general,
The second Five Year Plan must Becure a more rapid rise of the The introduction to the document prosperity of workers and collective
first
aums up the results of the Five Year Plan the construction of technically advanced Industry on a large scale, and especially the con- siderable successes attained in the creation of the modern heavy in- dustry: the erection of thousands of advanced enterprises; radical reconstruction of agriculture, and creation of a new regime of collec. tive agriculture; transformation of the U.S.S.I, into the country of largest scale agriculture in the world,
farmers, a considerable increase in real wages, and the increase in the level of consumption by 21⁄2-3 times.
The completion of the reconstruc- tion of the whole national economy constitutes the principal and de cisive economic task of the second Five Year Plan.
The first section of the theses "The Completion of Technical Re- construction and the Programme of Increase in Production for the Second Five Year Plan" estimates the total value of the industrial production of the last year of the Five Year Plan at 103,000,000,000 roubles (in prices of 1926-1927), as against 43,000,000,000 roubles by the end of the first Five Year Plan, representing a ninefold increase in comparison with the prewar level.
NEA
M. Stalin, the Soviet Dictator.
16,000,000,000 ton-kilometers.
products will be turned out by naw, 000,000, by automotive transport— enterprises, constructed, or com- pletely reconstructed in the course of the first and second Five Year plans. Complete mechanisation of all industrial processes requiring at present hard manual labour, con- struction of new power producing enterprises, completion of electri- fication of industries, wide develop- ment of eletrified means of trans- portation, and wide application of electrical power for agricultural operations, are provided for in the plan.
With a view to technical recon- struction of the transport, about 9,600 kilometers of second tracks will be laid on the main railway lines, such as Ural, Kuznetsk. Transbalkallan, Usauri, Donatz Basin, and other railways. The number of locomotives will reach 24.600, instead of the present 19.- 500; number of railway cars will amount to 803,000, as against
662,000,
The plan further outlines doubl
Now railway lines, Baikal-Amur, ing the capacity of ferrous metal-Akmolinsk-Karraly, Moscow-Donatz Basin, and others will increase the lurgy, on the basis of large scale reconstruction of iron ores in-
total length of Soviet railways by dustry, extensive application of
11,000 kilometers, bringing the chemical processes in all branches total up to 94,000 kilometers. of industry and national economy, and extensive development of the most important branches of light industries, especially of the food
industry.
The increase in productivity of labour by 63 per cent, reduction of cost of production by 26 per cent, and great improvement of the quality of industrial production, are required by the plan.
The increase in agricultural pro- duction is estimated at about 27,-
The proletariat of the Soviet Union overcame great difficulties connected with the realisation of the Five Year Plan and attained victories of historical importance
000,000,000 roubles, which more in the field of improvement of con- ditions of life of the toiling masses
than doubles the figure of the inst year of the first Five Year Plan. of towns and villages. The advant-
The increase in the yield of cereals ages of the Soviet regime made
is estimated at 115,000,000 cent- it possible to fully eliminate un-
A more rapid rate of developmentnera. while the value of other agri- employment, to Introduce 7-hour
of the production of articles of cultural produce will increase 2% working day, and to put an end to general consumption is outlined, the impoverishment of the village,
not only in comparison with the The menace of unemployment.first Five Year Plan, but also na poverty, and hunger became non- existent for the tollers. of the compared with the rate of develop
ment of production of means of production.
U.S.S.R.
The U.S.S.R, continues the docu- ment, has been transformed into a country of advanced culture, where the illiteracy of scores of millions of workers and peasants has been quidated, the introduction of universal compulsory primary education put into effect, the cir- culation of newspapers, magazines, and books strikingly increased, and considerable successes achieved, in the field of development of scientific
and engineering thought.
The results of the Five Year Plan for the first time in the history of the mankind proved be. fore hundreds of millions of tollers of the whole world the possibility of building up Socialism in one country, states the document,
The following production figures are scheduled for 1937: the produc tion of means of production will value 48,000,000,000 tons, roubles; coal---152,000,000
exceed in
oil-47,000,000 tona, pig-iron 18,000,000 tons, stecl-19,000,000 tons, rolled metal-14,000,000 tons, copper-165,000
tons, chemical
industry to the value of about 0,000,000,000 roubles, articles of general consumption-for 64,000,- 000,000 roubles.
TECHNICAL SCHEMES.
In order to fulfil these quotos, a programme of technical reconstruc- tion is outlined for all branches of national economy, so that in 1937 about 80 per cent of all Industrial
times.
.
the The planned Increase in agricultural production will be achieved by means of completion of collectivisaton and technical re- construction of the entire agricul ture.
To attain this, the number of machine and tractor stations will be increased up to 6,000, as against 2,446 in 1932; the aggre- gate capacity of tractors in agricul.
ture will rise from 2,225,000 HP to 8,200,000 IIP; number of combines will rench 100,000; the number of
trucks will increase more than 12 times..
MECHANISATION.
The plan calls for complete mechanisation of agriculture, adop tion of a system of agro-technical measures, supply of chemical fer- tilizers for the greater part of the cultivated area, expansion of the Irrigated landa by one million hec-
tarca.
With regard to transport, the plan outlines Increase in the freight transportation by railways up to 802,000,000,000 ton-kilometers, by river and sen transport-115,000,
faint idea of Russla's man power may be gathered from this picture, showing maııed
thousands of the Red Army during manoeuvres in Red Square, Moscow.
The plan calls for an enormous construction of artificial waterways (new canals, damming rivers) creation of a unified system of waterways in the European part of the Soviet Union, linking together the White, Baltic, and Caspian Sens. The total length of navig- able waterways will reach 101.000 kilometers, as against 84,000 ut present.
The number of passenger and truck cars will increase by eight times; the length of highwaya will increase by 215,000 kilometers; the aggregate length of the airlines of elvil aviation will reach 85,000 kllometers, as against 32,000 at present.
dustry to be built in the course of the second Five Year Plan Include: 79 regional electric power-stations, 178 coal mines with estimated pro- duction of 143,000,000 tons of coal a year; 46 plants for oil distilla- tion; 03 oil-cracking plants; com- pletion of construcion of the giant Magnitogorsk, Kuznotak and other metallurgical plants, construction of powerful non-ferrous metallurgy, new chemical fertilizers factories, synthetic rubber planta, etc.
LIGHT INDUSTRIES.
Enterprises of light industries to be built include: 15-cotton milla, 12 wool mills, 12. flax mills, 18 knitting factories, 11 silk mills, 21 footwear factories, 10 mont-packing plants, many Bugar refineries, canneries, oil mills, soap factories saw-mills, timber, chemical cellu lose, and paper mills.
Great work is planned in the field of modernisation and recon- atruction of industrial · centres, construction of thousands of dwell. ing-houses with floor-space of 64;- 000,000 square meters, theatres, clubs, stadiums, parks, technical museums, etc.
The third section of the theses is devoted to the "Programme of Improvement of Material and Cul- tural Level of Workers and Pea-
santa' Life."
Illustrating Soviet sclantific achievement, this picture shows. the U.S.9.R, baloon Stratostat, which, attained » height of 11.8 miles over Moscow, breaking by 9,000 feet the record set up by.
Professor Piccard.
towns will increase by 44 per cent, in villages-by 98 per cent.
welfare of masses of workers and
peasants, atrengthening of econo- mic and political positions of the proletarian dictatorship, further strengthening of the defensive might of the country.
Capital Investments in municipal construction, construction of houses, and cultural institutions, are estimated at about $2,000,000,- 000 rbs, or about one quarter of "The realisation of these tasks, the total capital Investments in the leading to the eviction of the Inst national economy of the U.S.S.R. remnants of capitalist oleoments from their old positions, and doom- On the basis of the Increased pre-ing them to final ruin, cannot but duction, the, plan provides for a
call forth an aggravation, of the wide development of the turnover of class struggle, new attempts to domestic trade, and for the im undermine collective farms on the provement of supply of agricultural part of kulaks, attempts of wreck- ing and sabotage in our industrial produce to towns. The turnover of trade will increase 2 to 3 of
concerns by anti-Soviet forces. times, while the production of articles of general consumption by light industries and food industries will be trebled. The network of State and cooperative retail stores will grow by 37 per cent.
This section of the plan calls for the increase in the number of workers and employees by 30 per cent. Simultaneously real wages will be more than doubled, average consumption of foodstuffs and industrial goods per capita will in crease two to three times, retail prices of commodities will be re- duced by 36 to 40 per cent; the total sum of wages of workers and employees in all branches national economy will increase by 59 per cent, and in industry-by 70 per cent.
The budget expenditures for pro- viding workers and employees with cultural living (social insurance, education, health preservation, etc.) will amount to over 9,000,000,000 roubles in 1937, as against 4,000,- 000.000 rbs. in 1932.
The national Income will grow from 45,500,000,000 roubles in 1032 to 108,000,000,000 rbs. in 1937, with the simultaneous growth of accumulations in the socialised branches of the national economy and an increase in the reserves of
the Soviet state.
"On the other hand, the reallen- tion of the tasks of the second Five Year Plan, the radical improvement, in the standard of living of workers and peasants, cannot but arouse enthusiasm of tollers and an up- surge of industrial activity, grow ing urge of the broadest masses of tollera building socialism to master the new technique.
蟲
"The second Five Year Plan of TECHNICAL EDUCATION.
the Soviet Union represents an im-. Besides complete elimination of
portant stride forward in the literacy and semi-literacy, univer-
direction of elimination of the age- sai compulsory seven-year poly-
The concluding part of the theses old contradictions in the human technical education will be intro-establishes that, the second Five society and of the contrast between duced both in cities and in the Year Plan Recures the liquidation the city and the village; It creates
of number countryside. The
of capitalist clements, and the all necessary prerequisites for the students will rise from 24,000,000 liquidation of classes in general, on elimination of this contrast. The in 1932 to 30,000,000 in 1937, the
the basis of completed collectivisa- | agriculture, in its social aspect, is pre-school education in kindergartion of agriculture, inclusion of all becoming similar to industry; the Five million skilled workerstens not being included in this
handleraft workers in the system agricultural labour becomes figure, will be trained in various in-
of cooperatives, final elmination of variety of industrial Inbour, the means of connection between city dustries; 1,240,000 specialists will
Extensive developinent la planned private ownership of means of pro- graduate from unversities
and village grow powerfully; the tempoes of increase In the produc-
·tion-of-industry and agricultura technical schools, as against 478.000 for the cultural and educational duction. graduates during the first Five-work-outside of schools, andA
approach a Year Plan. The number of trained large increase in the number of
common level; the material welfare and cultural specialists in all fields of national clubs and libraries in towns and
villages.
standards of the toilers of city and economy will amount to 4,000,000 persons, as against 2,700,000 now.
villages are coming together. The plan calls for an extensive development of the work of scienti- fic and technical institutes and laboratories,
and
NEW CONSTRUCTION. The second section of the theses is devoted to the "Programme of New Construction". Capital in- to the vestments will be made amount exceeding 133,000,000,000 roubles, 88, ngainat 60,500,000,000 roubles during the first Five Year Plan. Of this amount the in- dustries will receive 69,500,000,000 roubles, agriculture over 16,000,- 000,000 rbs, transport over 26- 000,000,000 rbs. Newly construct- ed and reconstructed enterprises to the total value of 132,000,000,000 rbs. will start operating in the course of the 5 years, the corres- ponding figure for the first Five Year Plan being 38,600,000,000 rbs.
The aggregate capital of all branches of national economy will increase from 86,000,000,000 rbs. to 195,000,000,000 rbs, in prices of 1933, an increase of 130 per cent. The capital of Industries will rise from 25,600,000,000 rbs. to 77,000,- 000.000 rbs., the agricultural capital-from 11,500,000,000 rbs. to 22,600,000,000 rbs.. the capital of transport from 19,800,000,000 rbs. to 38,000,000,000 rbs.
Uralek and Kramatorek machine- building works, Lugansk and Orsk locomotive works, and a number of other enterprises, the construction of which started during the first Five Year Plan, will be completed. The plan also calls for the expan sion of the Gorky automobile plant to turn out 330,000 automobiles a year, of the Moscow and Yaroslavl automobile plants, and for the con- struction of two new plants in Ufa and Stalingrad, each producing 100,000 3-ton lorries a year. Be sides, an automobilo plant will be built in Samara.
A number of machine-tool build- ing planta, a new giant ball-boaring plant with annual production of 24,000,000 ball-bearings, and other enterprises of this nature will bo built during the 5 years.
Other enterprises of heavy In
Expenditure for carrying out measures of sanitary prophylactica, for the protection of workers' and peasants' health, for their rest, and physical culture, will amount to 20,000,000,000 roubles in 1937, as against 6,400,000,000 rbs. in 1932. The number of hospital berths in
-SOCIALIST-PRODUCTION.... The plan secures the final Intro duction of Socialist method of pro- duction as the sole method, and the transformation of the entire tolling population of the Soviet Union into active and conscious builders of the socialiat society.
The plan secures the completion of technical reconstruction of the entire national economy of the U.S.S.R., rapid Improvement in the
SOVIET RUSSIA
"With the second Five Year Plan the U.S.S.R, is becoming a country technically and economically In- dependent, as well as the most ad- technically country in vanced Europe."-Tass Agency.
F.DR.
HERBLOCK
An American certoon.
"Apparently We're Not Afraid of the Big, Bad Bear" recognition of Russia by the United States.
marking the