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ASSERTS COUNT UCHIDA..
·IMPORTANT SPEECH TO DIET.
An important review of conditions in the Far East, of Japan's attitude to the Manchurian' question, and her part fo world peace, cecnomics and finances, was given by Count Uchida, the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, at the 64th session of the Diet on Saturday.
The full statement by Count Uchida is supplied by the Japanese Consulate, na follows:
Only Way to Peace.
I have the privilege now to report | publie, and their contents are already on the latest developments which have | known to you all. - occurred, in the Major foreign ques- tions affecting this country since the extraordinary session of the Diet in August inst, and to state the views and policies of the Japanese Govern ment concerning them.
Our observations are simply an elaboration from different angles of tho fundamental view of the Japanese Government that the pence of Far In pursuance of n. sottled policy East can be secured only by recogniz the Japanese Government signed the Ing Manchukuo and assisting it to protocol concurrently with the Man-nchlove a healthy growth. Our Gov- chukue Government on September 15. Inst.
cmnment seized every occasion at the Council and the Assembly of the League, and in course of negotiations with other Governments, to expound this thesis of observations with utmost
Recognition of Manchukuo, By this instrument, Japan definipo- ly recognized Manchukuo as an in-care and thoroughness.
Wo will persist in our endeavours, dependent state, whilo Manchukuo pledged to respect all rights and in-not only as regards the special Com terests of Japan and her subjects inmittee of Nineteen, which resuméd that country, secured either by treaty discussion on the Sino-Japanese dis- or through other agreements, More pate on January 10, but at various over, in view of the fact that any meetings of the League and at every menace to Manchukue has at once a possible opportunity until the above direct bearing on the welfare of thesin is thoroughly elucidated and Japan, provialors are also introduced understood. It la hardly necessary to for a joint defence of that State, and any that the Japanese Government, for the stationing in its territory of who have always extended their, Japanese troops necessary for that hearty co-operation to the League, The protocol thus affords and devoted their best efforts to the full protection to the rights and in-enhancement of its prestige, are terests of Japan in Manchukuo, and rendy, now as over, to collaborate insures the safety of that country fully and in the friendilest manner alike from internal and exteral dan with that body in its efforts to con- tribute to the pence and prosperly of the Far Eant.
purpose.
gera,
Effective Guarantee,
Analogy Must Fail.
lowever the Japanese Government believe that as long as the league is concerned with questions relating to China, certain elasticity should be allowed in the operation of the Co- abnormal conditions of that country. venant in view of the exceptional and
It means that's now and effective guarantee has been established for maintenance of peace in the Far East. It is extremely gratifying that Man chukue has made rapid and healthy progress, and especially that a mark- ed improvement has been achieved in its internal penca and order, con sequent upon the successive annihila- tion or dispersal of hordes of bandits. Thin situation naturally reacted favourably upon the commerce and finances of Manchukue and the result ant benefits have been shared by Japanese and other foreign residents equally with the Manchurians them- selves. Here we have concrete, prou that the Japanese Government have not erred in their belief that to rethe analogy of cognize he now state and to assist in its davelopment, is the only way for
aaolution of the Manchurian lasce on a sound basis, and for the estab. lishment of peace in the Far East.
Fair and Just Poklon.
I am convinced that in view of the auspicious growth of Manchukuo and
point of fact, the various prin- ciples of international law and tango 50verning ordinary relationship be tween different states are in practico considerably modified when applied to China.
The Covenant of the League cannotə alone remain an exceptlen to that rule. Any attempt to apply the Covenant to the abnormal situation in China on
спо
MONDAY, JANUARY 23,
magnitude, attended an it to by representatives of practically all nations of the world. Because of natural solicitude of each and overy participating Power for its own national defence and consequent com plications and conflicts of varied in- Lorents which this entails, the Con ference has as yet roached no gent cal #greement.
Disarmament.
A5
Disarmament enterprise for pence, is not only one of the principal missions of the League, of Nations, but it is matter which is at presont engaging the greatest attention on the part of the lowers.
It has always been the policy of the Japanese Government to accord sin- core co-operation. and full con- tributions to the enterprise. It is in accordance with this policy that our delegater now at Gonova are exerting their best efforts in collaboration with their colleagues of other nation- | alities to bring the conference to a successful conclusion, and that our government spontaneously bubmitted a proposal calculated to effect a draș- tie reduction in the naval armamenta of the world.
This proposal of ours covers among other. Items reduction in size of vessels of various classes, abolition of air- craft-carriors, reduction the num ber of capital ships and "A" class cruisers, and the reduction of total tonnage allotments of "B" class cruisers and destroyers, according to which, through aboiltion of aircraft. carries and reduction in the number of capital ships and "A" class cruisers alone, it is calculated that a reduction amounting altogether to 1,300,000 tonn will be realized in the navies of Japan, Great Britain, United States, France and Italy.
of
Equitable Proposals. Our proposal. ja based
upon the principles
disarmament generally accepted at the present Conference, particularly, the princi plo that power for attack should be reduced and power for defenco increased. From the same principle it logically follows that greater sacrifices should be made by a supo- rior naval Power than by an inferlor one. If the two were both to reduce their navies in equal ratio, sense of security on the part of latter would be unduly and unjustly diminished, I am confident that since our proposal takes into account, as far as possible, all points insisted upon by the various Powers concerned, a thorough exami nation will finally convince them of its practicability as well as of its equity and reasonableness.
World Economics,
To turn to the economic fleld through. out the world, in addition to. ob- structions to trude created by the sus pension of the gold standard system by more than forty nations, the col lapse of the price of silver, and the confusion apparently similar
existing in exchange markets, we see that all countries are busily engaged in erecting artificial trade barriers by raining customs tariff or by putting limitations or, prohibitions on exports and imports.
case or situation in European affaira is
bound to fail. Such an attempt is It will only vain, and unrealistic. |complicate and aggravate, the situs- tion and injure, needlessly, the pre- stige of the League, inflicting there- by, a severe blow to the cause of uni- vernal pence.
For securing a permanent pencu in the universal advantage thereby the Oriert, the co-operation and unit- ruing that all peoples will eventuallyed efforts, as I said before, of Japan. recognize the fairness and justice of China and Manchukuo are crsential. the position we have taken up re-At the same time, harmony and col- garling. Manchukun. Nor have
any laboration between Jupan, Manchukuo doubt that in the end the Chinese and the Union of the Soviet themselves will be brought to regard Socialist Republies are equally im the mutual aid and the co-operation be- tween Japan, China and Manchukuo, portant.. each is an independent state, to be the
Soviet Attitude.
and
best means of insuring peace in the, Fortunately Soviet Union Govern- ment, ever since the beginning of the Orient.
1
I may neld at this point a few Manchurian incident maintained no words regarding Jehol. Viewed histori-attitude to mar their relation with cally, there is no room for doubt as to Japan. This is a matter for con- the fact that the Great Wall marksratulation, for mutual relationship the boundary separating China from between Japan, Manchukuo and the Manchuria and Mongolia. Particularly Soviet Union.
in the light of circumstances leading There are those who fear whether to the establishment of Manchukuo the recent restoration of diplomatic it in evident that Jehol constitutes an relations betwen the Soviet Uniors and integral part of the new State. How-Chinn might not add vigour to cam- ever, manoeuvres for creating distur-munist propaganda throughout the bances that province have of lato Orient. This is not occasion for me been notoriously rife and some con-o pana judgment upon this sort of iingents of regular troops under Chang opinion. However should the Red Ilauch-liang crossed the border into movement in the Yangtze Valley and
South Jchol,
China, which have long suffered from the activities of communists and the depredations of communist armies, gain in strength as a result of the Sino-Ruasian rapproachement, that would be a serious menace to peace in the Orient, against which Japan must certainly be on guard.
Japan's Duty.
Non-Aggression Pact.
While the so called Jehol question is purely a domestic affair for Man chukuo, Japan is, of course, bound by the recent protocol to join forces with that country in the task of maintain- Ing pence and order throughout its territory. The question, therefore, in view of this treaty obligation, is a I may take this opportunity to say matter of serious concern to the Gov something on the question of the non ernment of Japan. As for China, the aggression pact between Japan and political confusion in the country con- the Soviet Union. The principle of the tinues na eser, while anti-Japanese non-aggression pact between Japan movement shows no sign of abate-and Soviet is not only embodied in the ment.
Ruano-Japanese baste treaty signed
It was reported that during plenary some years ago at Peking and pro session of the Central Executive Comvided for in the anti-war pact to mitter of Kuomintang, convened at fwbleh they are both sigantories, but Nanking in December last, a proposal hus shown itself to be living forec, for a positive campaign against Japan as being fully demonstrated by the
submitted which called for actual relations between the two coun military operations along the North tries during past years and especially China frontier, support for the volun- during the trying period af a more re- teer armies of the north east, and an‡cent date. anti-Japanese boycott,
Was
Warning to China."
Only when it comes to the matter
In
of clothing this principlo and this actual relationship in a forran tresty Information obtained from various of non-aggression, views vary as to sources since lenis us to believe that time and form. You know how varied this proposal for a positive anti-opinion has been on the matter since Japanese movement
was actually last spring when a propomi was first adopted by the Kuomintang Congress, advanced by the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, Chinese troops view of divergent opinion stoutly are of late in process of concentration maintained in different quarters, the noar the borders of Manchukuo and Japanese Government concluded that: some of them have, as I have already the time has not yet arrived for stated, invaded the province of Johol. negotiating a Non-aggression Pact The Japanese Government cannot look superimposed, upon treaties now in upon such a state of affairs in China force. without the gravest apprehension.
No Aggression Intended.
We are compelled to warn the Gov- Our reply to that effect war sent ernment and people of China againat to Soviet Union Government toward any unfortunate eventualities that the end of last year. That does not may arise from the situation and mean of course that we entertain the invite them to think seriously before remotest intention of aggression in proceeding further in that direction the Soviet Union, but quite the con- The report of what has cune to be trary, and I am sure our position is called, the Lytton Commission on the fully understood and appréciated by Sino-Japanese question was submitted the Soviet Union.
to the Council of the League of The general Disarmament Confer- Natons in October last, and the.ob-ence since it first met at Geneva in servations of thỏ Japanese Govern February last, continued its delibera- inent on samo report wore submitted tions on various important questions in November to the same body. Since covering, land, sen, and air forces. then these documents were both made This is a conference of unprecedented'
It is to be greatly regretted that as result of this policy of closed doors, which is now practised everywhere in trade and industry, the universally cherished principle of freedom of trude hus been entirely reversed.
The principle of free exchange of goods between nations constitutes along with that of freedom of travel and residence the very foundation of gen erl progress and prosperity.
Whenever this cardinal principle ceases to operate smoothly thero will; be nu means of realizing common well being and prosperity of all nations | and no hope for true progress and the peace of minnkind. However, it is encouraging that the desire to conduct; earnost investigations as to the best means of riding the world of its economic ills is becoming more a parent everywhere. The Japanese Government are prepared to lend o willing hand in this kind of interna tional undertaking.
World Conference.
For instance, the World Economic and Financial Conference, to be con- voked in the near future, is an ex- pression of this universal aspiration and our Government, participating in the conference of the Preparatory Committee, are proceeding in conjunc- tion with the other governments with various kinds of preliminary studies. We will do all in our power to make that conference a success.
Thus far I have spoken on various pspects of foreign questions confront- ing Japan, I desire to concltide my address with a few words the basic idens of Japanese Government which underlle all that i have slated above.
Basic Principles.
on
It is needless to say that the funda- mental principle of Japan's foreign
LLOYD
ATLANTIC DRAMA
22 MEN SAVED. FROM FREIGHTER
New York, Jan. 21. A thrilling rescue was carried out by the United States Lino steamship, American Merchant, in the middle of the Atlantic to-day, when 22 members of the crow of the British cargo boat, “Exeter City, were towed to safety by a lifeboat.
The American Merchant stood by for 12 hours unable to assist the foundering cargo steamer which had been caught and bat- tered by a gale 600 miles of Cupo Race.
Before the arrival of the roa cuers, the captain and three mem- bers of the crow of the ill-fated vessel had been washed overboard, and it was not until twelve hours after arriving on the scone that the American Merchant was ablo to throw a line aboard and tow a Ilfeboat with 22 men to safety.
tion.
policy is to secure the peace of tho Orient, and as a corollary, that of thio world. Now it is the view of the Japanese Government that in the light of realities of the international situa- tion, it is essential, in order to obtain true peace, that while accepting the universality of various principles sub- rerving the cause of peace, dua and proper elasticity corresponding to exigencies of actual conditions should be allowed in their practical applica
It is also imperative to
rospect those real forces which are actually rendering pence possible in various parts of the world. The League of Nations Covenant very wisely pro- videa that regional understandings shall be respected. In this sense our Government bellove any plan for erecting the edifice, of peace in the For Enst should be based upon the recognition that the constructivo force of Japan is the mainstay of tran quility in this part of world. Japan entertains no territorial designa any- where in the globe; she has no inten- tion to pick a quarrel with any coun- try.
Japan's Only Desire,
She only desires to ensure her national existence by such means as will accord with international justice and to work hand in hand with neigh- bor nations for the peace of the. Orient and of the world.
It is our resolve and our duty as n nation to ace that she contributes her resources, her power, and her prestige, to that end. Such has been the under- lying spirit of Japan's foreign policy ever since the first days of Meiji. Such is the spirit behind the action wo have taken in regard to the Man- churian question to Russo-Japaneze relations, and the activities of the League of Nations in the Far East,
Our recent proposal for naval dis- Armament has been funpired by the same idea. It is the ardent hope of the Japanese Government that Japan, guided by this all pervading aspirit, may maintain the friendliest relations with nations, promote both com- mercial and cultural intercourse, and pursue the path leading to the realiza- tion of the higher ideals of humanity.
"Iren und Blood."
Shanghai, Jan. 22. That the Japanese are determin- ed to occupy Jehol, thus threaten- Ing the accurity of the whole of North China, in the inference drawn by the Shun Pao from the Japanese Diet yesterday. speech of Count Uchida
to the
The paper is of opinion that the League of Nations is unable to exercise any restraint upon Japan and nothing can save China from being conquered except the Chinese people rising and defending their country "with iron and blood."
"It is absolutely absurd", saya the Shun Pao, "for Count Uchida to object to the movements of Chi- nese troops in Chinese territory."
The paper brands the Japanese occupation of Shanhaikwan as "puro robbery"-Reuters Special,
Nanking Reaction
Nanking, Jan, 22. The Chinese capital has evinced little interest in Count Uchida's speech to the Japanese Diet.
but
The general opinion is that he said nothing new yesterday, only reiterated Japan's well-known standpoint.-Reuter,
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