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Majority of Deaths Said to be Preventable.
DRIVING SAFELY..
Mr. P. J. Pybus, Minister of Transport, at the annual con- ference of the Magistrates A8, sociation, in London, recently apolo on the problem of the road peril.
He quoted figures proving, that last year 6,691 persons were killed on the roads of Great Britain, and 202,110 injured.
This was
a reduction of 614 deaths, compared with 1930, but an increase of 24,889 in the number injured.
The distribution of fatalitica were 33 per cent. motorists, in- cluding motorcychsis, 14 per cent. pedal cyclists, and 52 per cent. pedestrians.
The outstanding result of the investigation being carried out by the National Safety First As- sociation, the Minister of Tran- sport stated, was to confirm the view that the very large majority of these fatalities could have been
the exercise prevented by
of reasonable care on someone's part --not always the motorist's.
The penalties provided by the law for road offences were aevere, and there would seem to be no obvious need for the creation of new offences or the imposition of www additional penalties.
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Fit and Unit Drivers. "The steady enforcement of the law." Mr. Pybus continued, "the responsibility for which rests very largely with Benches of Magistrates throughout the coun- try, will go far to bring the small class-1 believe it to be a very
small class of reckless and in- considerate motor drivers to a
proper sense of the responsibility
AH-
which avery man or woman sumes who undertakes to drive a motor vehicle under modern con- ditions of traffic.
OF
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
SATURDAY 10th DECEMBER. 1932.
Being The Official Organ of
THE HONGKONG AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION
VOSTRES INCIA DE DAG 2020 DLLS Ban
POWER FROM THE REAR.
The growing tendency of English automobile manufacturers to construct cars with engines in the rear is shown in the car above, displayed recently at the London auto show. It is a Trojan eedan of 10 horsepower. The engine in placed across the body, and the power is delivered direct from the flywheel to the rear axle.
MODERN METHODS OF ENGINE TESTING.
At the Hillman Car Works.
SIMPLE SIGNS.
Sir Malcolm Campbell Makes Suggestions.
SELFISH DRIVERS.
My suggestion for special crosA- renda signs which would indicate whether one was approaching main or a secondary rond has brought me two other plans from readers, and both are worthy of | consideration.
A
My iden, it will be remembered, was that the sign on a secondary road should consist of a cross in saltire-ie, the shape of an X- with the letter M. superimposed to | Indicate that the road about to be
crossed is a main road.
I suggested this style of cross primarily because it is already familiar to drivers as a warning of a road crossing, but a correspon. dent points out that a clearer war- ning would be given by using the the Greek cross (+) with a varia- tion in the length of the arms.
His plan has the merit that only two types of sign would be necos- Rury to cover all cross-roady.
Long and Short
The longer arm of the Cross would represent a main road and the shorter arm a secondary rond, If the vertical arm were the longer the driver would know he was on a main road and approaching a secondary road, and if the horizon- tal arm exceeded the length of the upright it would indicate that a main rond was about to be cross ed.
The stringency with which the Second gear is next engaged so modern motor car engine is tested that the engine can increase its at which before assembly in its chassis is speed to 3,000 r.p.m., well illustrated at the Coventry speed the generator must show an works of the Hillman Motor Car output current of at least 30 amps. Co., Ltd., where, in one of the large Bottom gear is also engaged for a shops is installed the most up-to-short time, after which the engine date equipment for the production is stopped, the tappets adjusted, of the Hillman "Minx," hundreds and a final test applied in top gear of which are being completed every at 2,500 r.p.m.; the output of the generator on this occasion must As soon as It is assembled, each show 25 amps. power unit, consisting of the en- The engine is then dismantled, adoption of either would certainly
week.
I like this iden immensely, The second suggestion is equally good. if not better. This agnin proposes a Greek cross, but in this case the superior road is indicated by a double bar and the inferior by a single. I commend both idens to the consideration of the Ministry of Transport. The
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Sole Distributors: Bank of Canton Building.
Playing the Game
by their employers to a schedule, 14.4, that of carbon monoxide is which means that if they are to 14, and CO2-carbon dioxide--22. get rest they must exceed the Co is slightly lighter than air. speed limit and risk prosecution. But, assuming that the exhaust gases from a motor-car in which carburation 1s comparatively I must say, too, that thegood are composed of roughly 83 whole the drivers of these vehicles por cent, nitrogen, 10 per cent. do try to play the game by other CO2, and 7 par cent. CO, the classes of traffic. I know that resultant would be a gas with a some behave like road-hoge, but "pecific gravity of 1.12, air boing obstruction or general ill manners given the figure of 1. on the part of a man in charge of
Obviously, such A mixture, a five-ton lorry is so much more Including the light monoxide, be- noticeable than similar conduct by ing heavier than air, would tend to the driver of a "baby" car that a sink, and, in still air, lfe near the
undeserved ground. whole class gets an bad name.
Effect of Heat The author of this complaint is
It has been pointed out to on better ground when he criticis that at any temperature over 95 es the conduct of many drivers in degrees Fahrenheit even this mix-
то
drivers who, if they could beteived into the testing department by overhead conveyor track to the which at present perplexes the added a note on the general want would rise. But tests mado dur- "There are certain types orgine, clutch and gear box, is re- 'thoroughly cleaned, and dispatched tend to diminish the uncertainty London traffle. He might have ture would be lighter than air and
special compressed air equipment
on to one of ten test beds.
How Output is Checked.
track, chassis assembly line. vin an overhead conveyor Identified by any form of scientific and is lowered and raised by or practical test, would no doubt in a scientific community either be persuaded, or forced, to abandon the practice of driving. There is the type of individual who, either through slowness of reaction, luck of concentration, or some other aimilar cause, is inherently prone
the road.
Increasing the 'Load.
motorist on atrange roads.
Most correspondents advocate the placing of all road signs from Afty to a hundred yards before the crossing they indicate. This I have urged many times in these colunins: I consider it an tial reform.
Selfish Drivers
A Folkestone
essen-
of manners displayed by a very ing the past few days show that the large proportion of London taxicab exhaust gases discharged from a drivers.
car whose motor is Idling have an For "nosing in," a general dis average temperature, taken close. position to disregard signals, and up to the outlet of, the wine the failure to Indicate his intentions about 87 degreca, With the London taxi-drivera is hard to engine speeded up to about 1,800 beat,
rova. the temperature rises to about 110 degrees, again close up to the outlet.
in
+
With the thermometer held, six
One of the most interesting fea- Water, oil and petrol suppliestures of this testing apparatus in are then rapidly connected up, and the electrical equipment by means the engine itself coupled to a 20 h.p. of which the engines are "run-in" electric motor.
and the output indicated at various speeds. Ten of these electrical The engine la first "motored" for testing sets are installed, and were to accidents of all kinds. Again, 15 minutes with the engine ignition manufactured and supplied by Tho There is everything to be said in there is the type let us hope 4 cut out, the throttle closed, and top General Electric Co.
its favour-and only one thing
Even so, I believe ho erre more rare one-in whom the attraction gear engaged, the engine being Each set consists of a 17 kw. against it: If all signposts are to from the character of his employ- ment than with deliberate intent. an driven by the electric motor to 460 volt. D. C. machine running at be eo placed they will have to be. He has a pretty hard life in these inches from the outlet the gases of mere speed may become obecasion to the exclusion of all which it is coupled. The ignition 1,000/2,500 r.p.m. controlled by a quadrupled. On some of the new consideration for other users of is then switched on, and a light switch-board comprising a triple by-pass roads there are many bad times. When he is "eruis-Crom the idling motor appear to load applied to the engine for about pole ironclad switch and fuse, laland signs each carrying four ing" in search of a fare he is have a temperature not above that "It has not been thought ten minutes at a speed of 1,000 motor starter fitted with no-volt arms. The cost of multiplication more intent on catching the eye of of the atmosphere, while in the necessary to apply a driving test r.p.m.
and overload release, and shunt
of all these signs would be great, a fare than on anything else, and care of the speeded-up engine the to all applicants before a licence This is effected by arranging for fleld regulator electrically inter- and it is to be doubted whether if he suddenly dives across the temperature in no case went above. to drive is issued, but the mere the engine to drive the electric locked with the starter.
the Ministry of Transport or the road without giving warning I can 92 degrees. payment of 58. a year cannot, Imotor as a generator, and it allows The switchboard is also equipped local authorities would be willing find it in my heart to forgive him, I do not advance those rough submit, entitle a man or a woman the engine to warm up sufficiently (with a contral zero reading am- to foot the bill. But safety is of because it is his bread and buttor tests as proof of anything in parti. to continue to drive a motor for subsequent heavier loads. [metre for reading the load when the
moro Importance than outlay,
he is diving for..
cular, but I think they show vehicle if he or she cannot do so Half full load is then applied for machine ds generating, and a volt- with safety to the public.
fifteen mlates and three-quarter motre and ammetre for indicating
When he has got his fare he is reasonably well that it is useless "It cannot be regarded as un-load for ten minutes at 1,600 r.p.m., the power required to drive the en-
hurry to get to the end of his to rely upon a thermic law for the reasonable that a driver who is during which time the cylinder gine.
correspondent hiring and to find another, and he dispersion or diffusion of polson. the head nuts are tightened down, and shown to have endangered
The D. C. machines are Atted voices the views of many. other drives too often without con- ous exhaust fumes. lives of others, either through the engine Inspected for oil leaks or with A light counter-compound readers when he says: "Accidenta sidoration for others. A crumpled
How It Happens recklessness, or through Inck of visible faults.
winding for stability and are also
would be reduced to less than half wing is nothing to him, and he: Full load is applied first at 1,500 'equipped with a mechanical over-
If motorists were not so selfish. scoms to think it ought not to be presence of mind in au emergency,
With a submission to those "In London traffic one con- to you. We should all like him a correspondents who, have put me should be disqualified for a period r.p.m. and the speed of the engine speed device which not only trips at any rate from driving. That gradually increased to 2,500 r.p.m., the motor starter, so disconnecting stantly finds commercial cars and lot better if he would mend his right on the specific gravities of disqualification, to
vans nosfug into traffic in an effort road manners and not take so the various gaɛes, I believe I am effec-when every nut on the cylinder head the machine from the line, but also prove Live, requires that the offence of and gearbox is again tightened. breaks the engine-ignition circult, to save a few seconds, offectually
correct in saying that exhaust many risks. people driving during the period of sus- The engine has now been running thus completely shutting down on-blocking others. These pension of the driving licence for approximately 1% hours, and gine and motor.
gain practically nothing, but risk All these things, however, boilumes, including the admixture of em-down to the necessity for the air and thus tend to sink; that carbon monoxide, are heavier than should be severely dealt witth." all the moving parts are becoming This precaution la necessary for accidents for which their
education of all classca of road; Heavy Lorries.
free in action. Clean, cool oil is the reason that the load is applied ployers have to pay.
recent cases of death through the users. The overloading of the heavier circulated through the onging dur- to the engine by making the latter
inhalation of oxhaust fumes have "Vehicles which are restricted types of goods vehicles, the Minis-ing the whole test, and the water drive the generator which feeds
to 80 miles an hour generally go I have been taken to, task for an shown all the characteristics of ter of Transport added, was caus- cooling tower built in the roof of back to line, and If for any reason
at about 40 on the open rond, and error in writing recently about polsoning by the monoxide, even breaker should ing the highway authorities much the test shop in so governed that the main circuit concern. The cumulative effect the water leaves the engine at a trip, the load would immediately no action is taken to stop the dangerous exhaust gases, but I when the victims have inhaled the
There ia practice.
hardly
submit that the mistake was more fumes while almost prone, show- degrees disappear and the engine_race
ing that the lighter constituents was destructivo to the road sur-temperatura
motor-coach on the road which apparent than real, away to destruction..
do not diffuse out of the mixture, facen, particularly where theea grado.
does not so ut 40-50 m.p.h. Why overloaded vehicles were driven
I must plead guilty to having at any rate for some considerabla do the police allow it?"
made the statement that carbon time that the mixture, in other over lightly constructed country
The answer la that the police de monoxide is a heavy gas, which words, is relatively stable. not allow it, and that in some parts has a tendency to sink and to lie of the country the trapping of low in a confined space. It has
00 of
to the Ministry of
STILL GOING UP
reads. Such a practice was high-found that on balance it paid them | Secretary ly uneconomic from every point of to do so.
Transport, sald that motorcoaches vlow. It might involve the com- The driving of heavy vehicles were not travelling at the speed munity in substantial expenditure at excessive speeds WAS also they were a year ago, and as the drivers of lorries and other heavy hoen pointed out to me that, in In order that the individual who damaging to road surfaces, and control of the Traffic Commin vehicles almost amounts to por-fact, carbon monoxide is lighter owned the vehicle might be saved might involve a standard of road afoners became more
effective secution.
than, air and this will riso. a few pounds or shillings. Un-maintenance
construction there would be further improve- fortunately, in many cases, even that in all the circumstances was ment. The Commissioners would
The United States motor bus I hold no brief for the drivers of ought to have qualified my bald after several convictions, opera- uneconomic, and imposed an un- not grant road licences for motor these vehicles, but they commandatement, but let me make the
mattor clear:
industry will pay 10 per cent of tors soomed willing to continue to necessary burden on the com-coaches unless the time-tables a certain amount of sympathy.
its gross receipts in taxes this face the risk of detection and the munity.
submitted involved no travelling Many of them have to work ex- Assuming the average density of year, as compared with 8 per cent prospect of a fina so long as they Sir Henry Piggott, Deputy lat excessive speed.
tremely long hours; they are timed air to be represented by the figures | in 1931.
and