THE HONGKONG., TELEGRAPH. MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1932.
LYTTON REPORT FAVOURABLE TO
MANCHURIA INTEGRALLY A PART OF CHINA
attitudo of the inhabitants
of
NEW STATE JAPANESE Manchuria towards the new State,
CREATED
the Commission comes to the con- clusion, "There is no gonera! Chinese support for the Manchu- kuo Government, which the local Chinese regard as an intrument of the Japanese.".
NANKING
would risk a future breach of peace and would not be permanent.
THE CONCLUSIONS.
Autonomy for the Three Eastern Provinces,
Proposed Conference.
Soviet Participation.
NIGHT BATTLE WITH MINERS
ARMY OF STRIKERS IN CARS ROUTED
Springfeld (11)Inofs),
August 26.
One of the most amazing bat
tion would provide for a Board of | Conciliation and an Arbitration Tribunal. The contracting parties should also agree that Manchuria should gradually become a de- militariaed zone, for which it would be provided th, after the It is suggested that the confer- organisation of the gendarmeric ence might consist of a Chinese had been effected, any violation of the demilitarised territory by representative, a Japanese repre- sentative and two delegations re- ofther or a third party would con- stitute an act of aggression, en- presenting the local population, one to be selected in the manner titling the other (or both in the whatever measures they proscribed by the Chinese Govern- event of a third party attack) to ties in the history of atriks riot ment and one in the same way by take
Government. If deemed advisable to defend the Ing occured last night in the glare the Japanese agreed to, the conference might territory without prejudice of the of the headlights of lorries and secure the assistance of neutral League Council's right to take ac-motor-cars near the small Illinole
village of Mulkey-town. observers. Any unagreed points, tien under the Covenant. SINO-JAPANESE PACT.
would be submitted to the League Council simultaneously, and the After seven thousand words, de Sino-Japanese issues should be bating the rights and wrongs of discussed separately. China and Japan and the events
The Cominiasion suggests that Economic Aspects. in Manchuria prior to September the results of these discussions, Chapter draws
སྙ
attention 18 last year, and the Manchukuo, and negotiations should be em- events bodied in four soparate Instru- tha Sino-Japanese struggle Shanghai and Tientsin being not only military but also since that date, the summary of menta, as follow: economic, remarking that the the Lytton Report outlines the Chinese boycotts are both popular general principles to which and organised and supported by satisfactory solution should con- strong national sentiment, but form, namely: nre enforced by mathods amount-
1. That both China and Japan, ing to intimidation.
as members of the League, are ference. While the main controlling entitled to claim the same conel- The Report of the Lytton Commission, released for
"A solution
2. from publication yesterday, is regarded as distinctly favour-mission is of opinion that the deration. able to the case presented before the League by the force in the Kuomintang, the Com- which both did not derive benefit ing with Japan's interests.
a certain amount of direct osala-of peace." Nanking Government. The Commission is not satisfied Chinese Government has granted would not be a gain to the cause that the military action taken by Japan in September tance to the boycott movement, last year was entirely justified by the circumstances and which involves a measure of Gov- holds that the new "State of Manchukuo" cannot be considered to have been called into existence by a genuine and spontaneous independence movement.
EARLY CONFERENCE
PROPOSED
(SPECIAL TO THE “TELEGRAPH").
to
·
any
should con-
.8.
Reserved Powers. The Commission then indicates the form in which the four above-
If the Soviet Government doair- ed to participate in the Intter agreement, Appropriate clauses 'could be embodied in a separate
three-party agreement,
The district was invaded by the vanguard of a great column of 16,000 striking coal miners, from all parts of the States, moving to picket pita where a lowered wage · scale of five dollars a day bus been accepted.
run down the sheriff and his men If they didn't get out of the way. The summary concludes by say: Thereupon the local man bogan ing that these sugggestions and considerations submitted by the shooting at their tyres. At tho Commission to the League Council sound of firing there came stream- are essential, and that negotia- ing into the fray from scattered tions should be begun as soon as farmhouses and clustered habita-
in a spirit of inutual confidence.— Reuter.
The object of the Sino-Japaneso commercial treaty would bo the
As the vanguard cama rolling establishment of conditions to 1. A declaration by the Chinese encourage as much as possible the down the highway to Mulkeytown, Government, constituting a special exchange of Chinese and Japanese it was halted by the sheriff and. administration for the Three goods, while safeguarding the Eastern Provinces in the terms re-existing treaty rights of the other 300 men who had been sworn in commended by the advisory con- countries. The treaty should con- to help him.
tain an undertaking by the Chinese
Baseball Bats & Rolling Pina A Sino-Japanese treaty deal-Government to take all measures
in its power to forbid and repress The leaders of the invading boycott movements against Japan-host, many of whom had their
trade, A Sino-Japanese treaty of eso
without prejudice families with them, threatened to concillation, arbitration, non- against the Individual rights of 2. That to make peace between aggression and mutual assistance, Chinese consumers.
4. A Sino-Japanese commer. ernment responsibility, although two neighbouring countries with- the Commission does not suggest out regard for the intercets of acial treaty. that there is anything improper third (Russia) would be neither In the fact that Government de-just, wise, nor in the interests of partments should support the boy-peace. cott movement, but hopes that
3. Any solution Shanghai, Oct. 2. Japan bad required such excep-this problem will eventually be re- The official summary states that tional and unparalleled rights, segulated by
League Covenant, the Paris Pact put and various points which they might settle. The declaration China's sovereignment.
and the Nine. Power Treaty..
would deal with such questions us the Lytton Report In its introduc-restricting
The Open Door. tion recalls
eircumstances rights, that conflet was the
The Mission states,
with
4. The rights and interests of the powers reserved to the Chi- deals 8 Chapter leading to the appointment of the tural result.
then "Each Bide had legitimate Commission of Inquiry; it
economic interests of Manchuria, Japan in Manchuria cannot be nese Government in Manchuria,
the deals with the conception of Its grievances.“
especially
Sino-Japanese ignored, and any solution which the organisation of a gendarmerie mission, and it sinsistence less on
Chapter describes how the interests. The Commission de-failed to recognise them and take force and the appointment of the responsibility of past actions tension Came to the breaking clares that the open door principle into account also Japan's his foreign advisers in Manchuria.
associations therewith, than on the necessity for finding point on September 18 last year, should be maintained legally and torical
Chinese and practically, in the interests of would not be satisfactory. means of avoiding their repetitino as to which the
Re-Statement of Rights.. The introduction concludes with the Japanese versions are contradle Japan, Manchuria and tha rest of atatment that knowledge of essen-
tory. Sino- 'tial factors in the recent
nectary, Japanese relations is
of knowledge also
China'a 'national aspirations, Japan's and Russia's expansionist policies, and the dissemination of Communism the by the Sovet, as well as economic and strategic needs of the three countrica.
a
China's Transition
1
Japanese Prepared.
China,
International agree-form with the provisions of the mentioned instruments might be possible and should be conducted tons of miners, men, women, and
ISSUES NOT SIMPLE.
the
It is suggested that the powers reserved to the Central Govern ment should be:
INITIAL REACTIONS
"IN TOKYO.
REPORT RECEPTION WITH CLAIM
Tokyo, Oct. 2. expectation the
Contrary to
children in their teens, armeð with every conceivable weapon from baseball bats and rolling pins to shotguns and antiquated pistols.
They
CATA
and
leaped on the invading and Iald about them right
short left. The fight was sharp and decisive. When it was over the invaders were in fall behind them, retront, leaving disabled on the road, overturned in ditches or stranded in border ing fields of maize, 80 or mors care and lorries, some of the lat ter filled with provisions.
Scores on both sides had been wounded.
Expedition Given Up. "The War Office sees no neces- This morning the men and wo- sity for changing the views almon of the routed column werd ready given to the world, but is in ugly mood and their leaders. confident that the League and the sent this defiant message to the Powers will gradually come to un-authoritics of Franklin County, deratand the justnces and fair- just within the borders of which ness of Japan's stand."-Reuters the battle took place: Special.
Points Criticized.
"We are coming on. kill all of uA”
1. Control of general treaty 5. A restatement of the res- pective rights, interests and res-and foreign relations, not other- ponsibilities of both countries in wine provided for, it being under-military authorities accepted the Manchurin in new treaties (which stood that the Central Government Lytton Report with an exemplary shall be part of the settlement would not enter into any inter-air of calmness. agreement) is desirable If future national engagemonts inconsistent
and with the terms of the declaration. Expressing appreciation of the friction is to be avoided
Commission's work, a spokesman 2. Control of the Customs, Post on behalf of the War Office stated mutual confidence and co-opera-
Omce, Salt Gabolle, and possibly to the Press after studying the tion restored...
6. As a corollary, it is neces- the administration of stamp duty summary: sary that provision should be and wine and tobacco taxes, the made for facilitating the prompt advisory conferonco determining As an equitable division of the net income on those revenues between settlement of minor disputes
the Central Government and the they arise...
7. The Government of Man- Three Eastern Provinces. churia should be modified to consistently with tho sovereignty and administrative in-
+
Pointing out that the dapanese had a carefully prepared plan to nicet the occasion of possible Sino- Neither Status Quo Nor Present Japanese hostilities, while the
State Satisfactory. Chinese and none, the Commission remarks that on the night of Sep- In Chapter 9, pointing out that tember 18 the Japanese plan was the issues involved are not simple. put into operation with swiftness because many features have no and precision, and the Chinese parallel olsewhere in the world; Chapter declares that the were surprised by the Japanese and that without a declaration of dominating factor in China is the attack and subsequent operations. war a large area of indiaputat modernisation of China, who is
The military operations of the Chinese territory has been forci showing evidence of transition in Japanese during this night cannot bly seized and occupied by the forces of Japan and all aspects of her national life.
be regarded as measures of legiti-armed It states. "Political upheavals, mate self defence," but the Com-separated from, and declared in exclude the dependent of, the rest of China, civil wars and social and economic mission does not unrest, with the resulting weakness hypothesis that "the offcors on the the Commission remarks that the
Tokyo, Oct. 2. of the Central Government, have spot may have thought they were problem is unusually complicatedtegrity of China, a large measure (at least in the first instance) of and serious, because the Japanese
Broadly speaking the main cri been characteristic of China since acting in self-defence."
The Commission does not anti-Government claims that its act is of autonomy, designed to meot
tho "Threement of the Three Eastern Pro- characteristics of the nations with whom China has situation in Manchuria in the near obligations, and also with the Eastern Provinces. The new civil vinces, In accordance with the pro- ticism of the report is that it is ditions have adversely affected all ipate any change in the general consistent with its international local conditions and the special the Chief Executive of the Govern- been brought into contact, and unt; future, while an extension of the assurance given by the Japanese regime must be so constituted and cedure laid down in the declara¦ unduly confined to Manchuria and held together. they are remedied will continue to area of conflict in the Jehol region representative at Geneva; alao be a menace to world peace and is a contingency which must be that all the military operations conducted as to satisfy the cason- tion. Vacancies would be Alled too little is devoted to China and couraged, men began to drop out
the Revolution in 1911. These con-
contributory cause of world econo- mic depression;" adding that it is! evident a national outlook must be attained by a far greater number of Chinese citizens before real national unity can result.
Effect of Communism
The report declares that Com munlum has become an actual rival to the National Government, and is linked with the larger problem of national reconstruction; nevertke. į less the Commission finds that con- siderable progress has been made.
"The present Government
4
reckoned with.
The Shanghai War.
tho Chapter 5 denis with Japanese operations at Shanghai, which exercised a considerable influence upon the Manchurian situation." The Chinese spirit of resistance was increased and the Chinese forces in Manchuria were given fresh heart.
to
secure,
ment.
Appointments.
3. The power of appointment
tion
You can't
It soon became evident, how- Thoroughly dis ever, that the army could not be
in the same way by sonic system; the Far East generally.
and head for home. The lenlera at a mass meeting acknowledged The main points criticised are have been legitimate acts of al requirements of good govern-of selection in the Three Eastern Provinces, to bo agreed to by the self-defence.. and the establish-
Withdrawal of Troops. advisory conference and Inserted the assertion that Japan's conten- that the expedition was a failure of her special position in and on their advice it was-de- ment of the new administration in
In the declaration.
Manchuria is incompatible with finitely abandoned. Manchuria was the spontaneous
8. The internal order of Man-
4. The power of issuing to the the Nine Power Trenty. hnd the churla should be secured by an net of the local population.
effective local gendarmerie force. Chief Executive of the Three assertion that the blowing up of instruc- the railway on the night of Sep- against external Eastern Provinces such
Status Quo Not a Solution.
CONSULATE TAKEN
wers
ro
The Commision does not argue the issue, but has tried to provide and security the League with sufficient material aggression should be provided by tions as might be necessary to en, tember 18 last year was fouff- to settle the dispute, consistent the "withdrawal of all armed sure the carrying out of inter- cient to justify the Japanese mill-
SIXTY-EIGHT JAPANESE with the honour and dignity and forces other than the gendarmerie national engagements entered into tary action and that the action the Central Govenment of thereafter overstepped the bounds
the ad- of self defence.
KILLED IN MANCHULI the national interests of both con- and by the conclusion of a treaty by tending parties.
of nonaggression between the China in matters under
ministration of the autonomous
Harbiy, Oct. 1. THE PUPPET STATE.
countries interested."
The Foreign Office opokesman Government of the Three Eastern
emphasized that Japan would
Refugees from Manchull state 0. For the purpose of the en- Provinces. Manchukuo Created and
never permit the interference by that railway guards who recently: "The mere restoration of the couragement of the Sino-Japanese 6. All additional powers agreed third party in settlement of the dispersed a Manchukuo garrison Maintained by Japanese. status quo ante would not be a economic rapprochement, new
Manchurian dispute, nor agree to force had occupied the Japanes It would leave out of Although the Central Govern Chapter 6 deals with Man- solution.",
All other powers would be vest-the suggestion of autonomy now is desirable. The treaty should ment's authority is still wenk in af number of provinces, the central chakuo, reviewing its establish account the realities of the situa-commercial treaty between the two upon by the advisory conference.
Bald the report contains much wherein they used bombs and ma- authority is not openly repudiated, ment. Pu Yi's appointment and tion. The maintenance and re- aim at placing Sino-Japanese com- ed in the autonomous Government that Manchukuo is recognised. Ile Consulate after repeated attacks Foreign Instructors. that is unfair to Japan, but noth chine guns and stokes mortars. and these is hope thut, if the Cen- the inauguration ceremonies at cognition of the present regime in mercial relations on an equitable of the Three Eastern Provinces.
ing unfair to China" and he de- The defenders put up a stub 18 being Incom-formity. with their improved
Government trial Government can be maintain- Changchun, and the laws and re- Manchuria would be equally un-basis and bringing them into con-
underlying Manchu satisfactory,"
would born fight but eventually a specialclared the It is suggested that
The fate of the declaring patible with the fundamental political relations. ed, the provincial administrations, Kulations
organisation;
gendarmerie should be organised strongly refute the contention that overwhelmed.
Manchurian will kuo's military forces and finance
Internal Reconstruction.
independence Japanese Consul and his staff and national that the Independence movement principles of existing International
with the collaboration of foreign the
WAS instigated and the gondarines who were protect- acquire an increasingly
"was only made possible by the obligations, and good understand-
10. Since the present political instructors "which would be the movement character.
presence of Japanese troops;" ing between China and Japan, on
Its Strit. adding also, "A group of Japanese which the peace of the Far East
con-depends, and incompatible with the instability in China is an obstaclef only armed force within the Three supported by the Japanese General Ing the Consulate is not known.
According to information whan completed civil and military officials
In conclusion the spokesman in-colvad by the C.ER. offices, 63 has already accomplished much."
killed at MAD- ceived and organised, and carried feelings of the people of Manchuria; to friendship with Japan and an Eastern Provinces
Pabatu, while Declaring that China has been through, this movement," while while Chinn would not voluntarily anxiety to the rest of the world, organisation
"the Japanese General Staff pro-accept the completo separation of 18 the maintenance of peace in the should be followed by the retire
tional concern, and since the con- other armed forces, including any fine her statement to refuting and chuli, three at Anti-Foreignism
vided assistance and gave direc- the Three Eastern Provinces as a Far East is a matter of interna- ment from this territory of all timated that Japan would con- Japanese were
lasting solution.
dillons enumerated above cannot special bodies of police or railway rectifying mistatements of fact nine were killed and five wounded
first sight chapters.-Router. hampered by the virulence of anti-tion to the organisers."
The Commission recognises the be fulfilled without a strong Cen-guards, whether Chinese or Japan- and the mistaken Ideas in the at Hailar-Reuter. For this reason, "the present concerning foreign propaganda,
Foreign Office View... Д satisfactory which it particularises the use of regimo cannot be considered
The Report states that the Sino-
Peking, 'Oct. 1. Japan's economic development, and requisite
inter- is temporary the boycott and the introduction of have been called into existence great importance of Manchuria intral Government in China, the final ess."
Tokyo, Oct. 2. Japanese Treaty dealing with
Sinco the Japanese lavasion of anti-foreign propaganda in schools, by a genuine and spontaneous in the reasonableness of her demand solution
for the establishment of a stable national co-operation in the Japanese interests would have to
with certain That part of the report appears Mukden, the population of Peking the report remarks that Japan bis dependenco movement."
government, but points out that ternal reconstruction of China, a deal principally suffered more than anyone
rights of Japanese to have been writton under the has Increased more than 270,000. appears to A great number of the new the conditions prevalling In China.
The summary remarks that if nationals, and the railway ques-strongest prejudice, chukuo Government, the Commis-as a market.
the present situation could be tions. Treaties and alms should be: sum up the initial reaction of the residents are officials and people main
condi- sion remarks that the
1. Free participation by Japan Foreign Ofico to the Lytton Roof the middle classes. Those still remaining in Manchuria are most- The report outlines the mutual modified to satisfy these political and administrative power!
in the economic
classes-Reitor. development Port.
ly the poorer which would
The spokesman of the Foreign reats in the hands of its Japanese benefita of a Sino-Japanese econo- tions and embody these ideas, China and Japan would have officials and
declared the Commission Special. Japanese advisers, mic rapprochement.
achieved a solution of their difficul- of Manchuria, and Territory An Integral Part
who are constrained more
ties, which might be made the act carry with it the right to con- Omico
trol the country, either economi- would not have included cortalni 2
sections "if it had properly up- of Chinn
more to follow the directions of
The report debates whether in-starting-point of a new era
deratood its functions under the thing was in confusion. Japanese official authority, which'
League resolution." Chapter. 2. contains 1 general
posscases mGANIB of exercising definite military occupation of closu understanding and political sally or politically. description of Manchuria and its relations to the rest of China and irresistible pressure, concerning Manchuria is really the most co-operation. If such a rapproche- which the Commisalon anim-effective way of ensuring Japan ment is not secured, no solution
and can be really fruitful,
of the influenced subsequently by their to Itussin prior to September, 1981, adverts upon the appointment of against external danger,
The Commission then auggests of Manchuria of the right to settle mission appears to have taken his colleagues were undoubtedly
and lease land, coupled with some seriously the evidence declaring, "Through all its ware the Special Ambassador (Gon. stresses the point that any real and
prolonged stay in Pelping under, anonymous Chinese, and periods of independence, Muto) who is also Governor lasting solution by agreement that if China and Japan agree to modification of the principle of meanest
a solution along
while the ovidence advanced by the Chang Haueh-itanga influence. Extrality.
The opinion is expressed tha Manchuria his remained an In General of the Japanese leased must be compatible with the discuss
Japanese and Manchukuo authorl- togral part of China."
dis. the suggestions regarding Man territory and head of the Consular stipulations on which the peace lines indicated, an advisory con
might ba summoned
The Railways.
ties seemed to have boon
churia might profitably be applied Chapter 8 deals in the main servico, as well as Commander-in-organisations of the world are ferenco
as possible, for the
to the relations between China and 4. An agreement regarding the credited. with the Sino-Japanose and Man-Chief of the Japanose army of oc-based; and that any disintegra- as soon
tion of China might lead to purpose of recommending detail-
It is pointed out that the Come the Powera-for instance the ques churlan issues prior to September, cupation.
con-operation of the railways. merlous International rivalries, ed proposals for the while it is clear that any solution stitution of a special regime for The Sino-Japanese Treaty of missioners spent only a fortnight tion of instituting a measure of The arbitration, non in Manchuria, when Manchukuo ternational contral Reuter Spec which ignored the Bovist's im-the administration of the Three conciliation;
aggression and mutual co-opera- was newly established and every cial. the portant Interests in Manchuria Eastern Provinces.
from
MANCHURIAN RELATIONS
1991, stressing the fact that dur-
Ing the previous quarter century Manchuria's ties with China had:
Japanese Control,
for
Dealing with the present Man-Japan requires not only the Man- suggested by Dr. Sun Yat-gen. churlan but also the whole of China
No Chinese Support.
Strossing the difficulties
been growing stronger, while perienced in finding out
Danger Of Disintegration.
of
the
economic
2. The continuance in Jehol of 3. The extension to the whole such rights as Japan now enjoys.
It is contended that the Com-
i
Peking Population
It is added that Lord Lytton and