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44
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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1931.
HONGKONG WATER
SUPPLY.
REVIEW BY DR. MINETT AT
ROTARY CLUB.
SEAWATER QUESTION.
Speaking at the Rotary Club timin yesterday, Dr. E. P. Minett, of the Bacteriological Institute, spoke on Hongkong's water supply, dealing with the source of supply, Ita collection, Altration, reservoir capacities, consumption in the course of
which he
| privately owned reservoirs have a total capacity of 178.7 million gallons. A new resorvoir under construction at Aberdeen is 175 million gallone, and Kowloon Byewash reservoir another million gallons. The Shing Mun Valley scheme in estimated to yield 2.000 million gallons, avail. able in Hongkong" by pipo line across the harbour.
176
Average consumption in Hong- kong is 10.5 million gallons per Jay, taking the population of Hongkong as 415,000. This given an averago consumption of 24'gul- consumes 4 million gallons per lons per head pur day. Kowloon day, and with an estimated popu lation of 175,000 this equals an per head per day. These figures apply only to the water delivered from Government moins and dori not include the number of private walls used for flushing purposes in various residences. Flitration.
and point out the difficulty average consumption of 21 gallona
was not that enough rain did not fall in Hongkong, but that most of it could not be collected.
can
one
out 123
cnor-
The Chairman, Sir William Hornell welcomed Rotarian George 8. Parker, President of the Parker Pen Company, of Janesville, Wis- consin, U.S.A., and Past-President
Filtration is carried of the Janesville Rotary Club: Hongkong by eight alter beds, ar Professor J. Huizinga. Professor ranged along the hillside and sap. of History in the University of piled with water from the reser- | Leyden, and President of the Royal voirs by means of an aqueduct, Academy of Selencen in the These Alter beds are all connect- Netherlands; Mr. R. D. Arnold.ed so that water can be drawn Yannaniu, and Mr. New, Singe into the beds from any of the re- pore; and three new local ment-servoira, Tho newer filters are hers, Rotarian F. Mason, Rotarian very up-to-date, being on the Pat D. Maynard and Rotarian M. F. terson rapid gravity system, and Key.
give a first clas water. The Aflor Mr. Parker had thanked quality of the filtered water is de- them for their hospitality, paid apendent on the rate of Altration, tribute to the Rotarian spirit, and and in a lesser degree, upon the reminded them that they could do raw water. which varies quite a lot of good with a Rotary mously and that has to be careful- Club, Dr. E. P. Minett spoke only watched. For some unknown rea "The Water Supply of Hongkong.on the raw water on the Kowloon He said:The water supplies of sido is nearly always superior to Hongkong as regards fresh water that of Hongkong. All Alter beds be summed up in the are examined both chemically and word "rain," as whether you get bacteriologically weekly. The fil from the tap or draw it up from ters are adjusted according to the a well the original source is the transparency of the water, which sume. The following factors la varies from 4 centimetres to over 100 centimetres, necessitating a fluence the rainfall here:-Situa- tion. Lat. 20 N. Long. 114 E. constant change in the clarifying ja carried charge. Chlorination Temperature, averages 72 F.,
out after filtration and before the ranging from 59° F. in February to water enters storage tanks and 92 F. in July. Extremes of 32 distributing maine. It is done F. and 97° F. have been recorded. with chlorine gas by means of a Humidity is affected by the tem Paterson Chloronome. The quan- perature. The average is about tity used varles with the quality 77 per cent. of saturation, ranging of the water, and ranges usually from 66 per cent. in November to from a quarter pact up to 1 part 84 per cent. in April. A minimum per million. This is about the of 4 per cent has been recorded same dose as is used in the Lon- and complete saturation 100 per don water supplies, probably one cent is of fairly, frequent occur- of the best in the world. There seems to be a popular belief that the purification of water by The average rainfall in 85.7 chlorine is harmful. That is not inches per annum, The lowest reso, as the chlorine combines with carded WOR 45.8 inches. and the water and gives off oxygen. nighest, 119.7 inches, This com- Typhoid bacilli cannot live in this pare very favourably with Great water, but, on the other hand. Britain; 30 to 40 inches. The instances
been recorded ruiny season is supposed to extend where eatbreaks of ophold leer trom May to September, necessitat and other water-borne ing about seven months storage: have followed when chlorination Usually June. July and August are
has been discontinued. Each 01- the three wettest months, with ecial area of the system, but all
ter bed normally supplies about 16 inches each. This rain-mains can be connected up so that fall is largely affected by the
the supply zone can presence or absence of typhoons. The amaunt of free chlorine. If One inch of rain falling on an acre of land represente 22,017 gallons. lica, is estimated daily by the
any, present, in tap water sup Government Analyst,
rence.
The Source.
Reservoirs.
The catchment area on the Island is 3,278 areas, and on the mainland for Kowloon reservoir. 4.270 acres.
We have no natural reservoirs such as lakes or rivers
diseases,
bo varic
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Government Tests. The purity of the tap water sup- es la tested by the Government from four to six Bacteriologist, and as the Island la simply
samples being, taken daily from granite cone, reservoirs have to be different parts of the City of Vic- specially constructed at great ex-toria and Kowloon. A Bacterio
detect pense. They are Tytam, Wong logist, can
one part of Nei Chong, Aberdeen, Pokfulum, reware in a million with ease. Shaukiwan and Chai Wan, with Our water here is practically up two large reservoirs on the Kow-to the London standard. Should
Even then it would not be pos word about well waters., vlous Altration was not possible. luon side. Water received into a sample be below standard the
are all of the "shallow" Dr. Minett expressed his thankssible to do it because the popula these reservoirs is very soft, the water authority is at once inform- These average hardness being 2.5 parts ed and a further sample taken type, and practically none of them to the Hon, Director of Medical tion was greater than the figures the he had given. Tho, trouble waR are ft for drinking without puri- and Sanitary Services and per 100,000, excellent for drink-after investigation. All water re- ing, laundry, and trade purposes, ports are forwarded to the Waterfication. Their call content varies Water Authority for permission not that longkong did not get enough rain, but that most of it, but slightly deficient in lime. Authority and the Hon. Director with the season and their pro- to give the address.
Sewage System.
could not be collected. The quality, as regards pollu- of Medical and Sanitary Services ximity to the harbour. Onc. at
the Cricket Club, varies from 2.5 Replying to a question
Advancing a suggestion us i tion, of the raw water, varies with daily. |the senson of the year.
"There are three private water parts of sodium chloride to 30.69 whether the present water supply, solution to the problem, Dr. Minoti "It is poor
rainy supplies on the Island fitted with parla per 100,000. Of the private would permit the use of a proper said that set water used for in the early part of the
the fulling rain Bill's filters. One is examined examined give a very good quality sewage system, Dr. Minett, said well in other Colonica and some-
wells
it Shek-O, those that I have and up-to-date
sewage work had served perfectly season when washes all sorts of pollution down the Government Bacteriologiet
that the answer уда obviously into the reservoirs, but it gradual-weekly and the others as request of water.
ed. The Altered water is of excul- In conclusion, Dr. Minett deal "No." Although they reckoned in thing in that line might be done in Hongkong, fresh water being y improves after the rainy season is over, owing to self-purification, lent quality. The chemical analy with water obtained and tested England that ve gallons per kept for the upper levels. Bac especially the Kowloon water. sis shows total solida 8.6 to 11s during the emergency in Hong-head was enough to give such terlologically, he added, there Houston gives the storage safety | parts per 100.000, Chlorine na kong, saying that the Hon. Dirce-sewage system, they had found figure as two months, but we often chlorides 6.67 to 1.27. It is practor of Medical and Sanitary Ser-that in actual practice ter gallons was no reason why suclr a system
It is Vices Bed the chlorine as 0.5 was required. If it was adopted should not work satisfactorily. tically neutral in reaction.
Rotarian A. Woo expressed parts per million before insuing in Hongkong then all the water the water, this being a very wise supplies would practically have to thanks to Dr. Minett for his ad- precaution considering that pre-be doubled.
ret six,
Hongkong reservoir capacity is 2.210.1 million gallons, and Kow. loon 501.95 million gallons. Three
SALESMAN SAM
a very good class of raw water as would be expected from rain water collected off granite surfaces.
(CO LONG, GUZZ! GOT A JOB TONIGHT) DON'T PULL
ANNOUNCING THE PROGRAM ATA RE-, ANY GONERS,
SAM! !CITAL AT THE TOWN HALL-
I GUZZLEM
Co
(AS MENEGER UFF MEDEME PHLATT, INFERM DE PROBLES DOT SHE VILL BE ABLE TO GO ON -
OKAY, MISTER-
A Game Artist
FRIENDS, MADAME PHLATT WAS IN AN AUTO, ACCIDENT"
ON HER WAY HERE –
water
as to
carringe
dress.
By Smal
BUT I AM HAPPY TO STATE THAT SHE WILL
BE ABLE TO APPEAR IN FOUR OR FIVE.
PIECES!
·TOWN HALL
w to 100
balding
how ten
SCOTT'S Emulsion
The metector of life
CLOSEDİ
FOR DAY
HAW!