THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
THE COLONY'S WATERWORKS.
EXHAUSTIVE ADDRESS BY THE GOVERNOR IN THE LEGISLATIVÉ COUNCIL.
ALL WATER TO BE PAID FOR.
Reviewing the
question of waterworks dnance he said it was evident that the Government ought soon to reconsider both the methods by which were raised the waterworks revenue and the rates which were charged,
"It has been brought home top at yesterday's meeting of the every resident in this Colony in an Legislative Council, when he de unmistakable manner
that our livered a notable and comprehen- water problem is the most press- sive address on the Colony's ing and the most important of waterworka. our domestic problems. It is After dealing with the early quite clear to all of us that an waterworks and those of more re adequate solution of this problem cent years Sir Coell and the alm of "I am reluctant to move in this la Imperative. Therefore as the Government was to give every matter until the waterworks now proliminary to our deliberations house connected with the water under construction have advanced over next year's Budget, I wish works, both on Hongkong Island to the stage at which we can give to place before you the history in and on the mainland, a full supply Hongkong Jaland and the main brief outline of the Colony's of filtered water throughout the land a full supply throughout the waterworks, a description of our year. This should become pos- year," said H.E., adding that it was present position with respect to sible in 1932 when the first sec- more than likely that when the water supply, and a statement of tion of the Shing Mun scheme, 1931 budget Was considered the waterworks policy which we the Kowloon byewash reservoir members of the Council would be pursue in the near and the new Aberdeen reservoir invited to give the question of intend to future and of the goal we aim at," would, they hoped, all have been waterworks finance special atten, and His Excelleney the Governor completed.
tion.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1929.
Total Capacity.
·
began in 1913 and was completed rates; but a similar house outside on the 22nd October, 1917. These the city boundaries was metered works comprise a storage reservoir, and had to pay for all it consumed, practically at sea-level, with a only a portion of the amount paid capacity of 1,419 million gallons. as water rate being refunded. A a pumping-station capable of rais Chinese house inside the city ing 9 million gallons a day to boundaries also obtained an un- Trtam Tunnel, two suction mains limited supply water from the of 18" diameter and half a mile in mains without payment, except in length, and three rising mains of the form of rates; but a similar 18" diameter and 1.93 miles in house outside the city boundaries length. Three moro small schemes had to obtain its supply from must be mentioned for the sake street-fountains, whilst paying the of completeness. In 1914 a ser-same water rate as a house inside vice reservoir and two filter-beds the city, were constructed to supply tho Drought and insuficient storage Shau-ki-wan district with water made it frequently necessary to collected from intakes in streams resort to a system of intermittent on the eastern slopes of Mount supply upon the island. Indeed, Parker. A supply of about 200,000 from 1889, the date of the com- gallons a day is obtained from plation of the original Tytam this source. In 1922 a balance scheme, down to 1902 it had only tank was built and a 3" pipe-line, been found possible, to maintain capable of yloiding 75,000 gallons the full supply in four yeara. day, was laid from, Wong-nai- The trouble came to a head during thung reservoir to serve the new the exceptional drought of 1901-2, development In Repulse Bay, which extended over the whole Finally, this year, a similar pipe- of South China and resulted in a line and balance tank have been water famine on Hongkong Island built connecting tho Stanley during the early part of 1902 simi- peninsula with the Tytan supply lar to that which we have experien- and capable of yielding nearly
ced this year, 100,000 gallons a day.
It became evident that action must be taken, not mere ly to increase, but to conserve the Colony's water storage; and it was No further storage roservoirs first sought to attain the latter ob- have as yet been constructed inject by introducing universal me- Hongkong, and the total capacity lerage, the so-called "free supply" of the six storage reservoirs built of water being placed very low. It by Government on the Island was hoped that, rather than lacur nnntely, Pak-fu-lam. Wong-nal- the expense of paying for "excess chung, Tytam, Tytam Byewash, consumption," the poorer classes of Tytam Intermediate and Tytam the population would fetch their tuk-is 2,118,414,000 gallons. The water from the street-fountains, population of Hongkong island where they could oblain as cannot now be less than 600,000 much as they required free of souls. Thus the storage, which incharge, except in so far as the pay- 1863 was no more than 16 gallonsment of rates was concerned, A bill n head, and in 1899 was only 1,972 was drafted, which provided for gallons a head, is now 3,530 gallons universal meterage, and "excess
head.
consumption" was defined in it ne Apart from these six reservoirs any quantity of water ascertained constructed by the Government, by a meter as having been used In a four reservoirs have been built on tenement in excess of a quarterly Hongkong island by private enter allowance, which, at 50 cents per use of' prise. Three of them were con- thousand gallons, would be equal to structed by Messrs. Butterfield & 1/8% of the annual rating valun- Swire in connexion with their tion of the said tenements. Under stablishments at Quarry Bay. such a system of computation, the The first was built in 1884 and has "free" supply of water in a Chinese n capacity of 11 million gallons, house inhabited by the poorer The second, built in 1893, has a classes would, it was estimated, have capacity of 30 million gallons; and been about two gallons per caput the third, built in 1896 and per diem. Experience gained in situated at the 500-foot level Kowloon at that time had shown above North Point, has a capacity that seven gallons a day was for 137.7 million gallons.
domestic purposes enough for the poorer Chinese, when there was no waste; and it was anticipated that, rather than pay for the extra five gallons a head, occupants would give up their house services,
CONTINUOUS SUPPLY TO EVERYHOUSE IN 1932?
GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. west
History of the Colony's Water Problem.
PROPOSED 'REFORMS.
hong Island, due to an abnormally, Doubtless it
stream never failed to flow.
not
Aberdeen Reservoir, There is also in the Aberdeen valley a storage reservoir con- structed in 1890 by the Tai Shing Its capacity, when first bullt, was Puper Manufacturing Company. 44.2 million gallons. In the years 1899 and 1900 its dam was raised
to
the
Another New Bill.
and
дя
at
upon which the Chinese objected to water distribution, It has boon the new legislation were that the brought home to us very clearly first three changes in the law, as sot during the last twelve out above, would entail upon the that our storage is inadequate and months poorer classes much expense, trouble that in time of drought our system and inconvenience as regards their of conserving water-is clumsy and water supply; that there would be inefficient. For we have found endless disputes between landlords the rider main aystem to be sadly and tenants Ав well between
aslacking in flexiblity. If our rider. the Lonanta selves who occupied different supyly from the trunk mains can. thom- maine aro in use, then the "alty floors or parts of the same not be cut off for periods of less building, and also between in than twelve hours, because any coming and outgoing tenants; and Jess perlod results in the upper further that by causing the poorer floors of tenement housca gotting classes of Chinese to use as little no water at all. Thore are six water as possible, cleanliness and rider-main districts and, in order sanitation would be greatly pre- that the pressure may suffice to judiced. change in the law the petitioners must be turned on to onch district With respect to the fourth give top floors a supply, the water predicted that under its operation in rotation. Thus a twelve hours the water-service of each and every supply in the trunk mains will only tenement-house occupied by Chinese give each rider-main district in the City of Victoria would be sum- two hours' supply; and even a two marlly cut off with a small chance hours' supply often falla to convey of any reconnection. Therefore, in- water to upper floors in tenement stent of the drastic measure of houses, owing to the draw-off by. cutting off all water-sorvice from inhabitants on lower floors. Con- tenement-houses throughout the sequently, year, the petitioners urged the adop-economizing
# method of tion of a scheme sugkested by Mr. mains cause the maximum of t
water, the rider- Osbert Chadwick In a report on the convenience with a minimum of water supply of Hongkong, dated result Supply from the 18th April, 1902, in which he mains under a system of univerqal the trunk proposed that subsidiary mains of meterage would be far more satis- small diameter, now known, a factory, as it should enable the parallel "rider-mains," should be laid Water Authority to reduce tho mains on
principal period of supply to six hours or of the city streets and that proportionate hardship on anyone. one or both. sides fess without thereby inflicting dis the hoa-services should be dis- This year even the rider-mains had. connected from the principal maine to be closed down and the city was and connected to the rider-mains. obliged to rely for several months In this way the town would bo on street-fountains supplied from divided up into blocks of convenient the reservoirs and on specially, con size, the water supply to which could structed tanks filled with water be turned on and off independently transported from the mainland in and in rotation. Thus the occupants lightera and other craft. of that
of tenement-houses would get a full manifest, therefore, that our first. It. 18: valley. The year the total capacity of ali
supply, when the reservoir storage step should be to build more re water supply for these early storage reservoirs on the island,
warranted it, and the evils of the servoirs; but unfortunately the settlers canie front the fine moun with boards in use, was 511,394,000
intermittent supply in time of configuration of Hongkong is such lain-streami which gives the valley gallons. It is not now considered
drought would be mitigated. its name, and which makes its way safe to increase the depth of water
that storage possibilities on the into the harbour through what is in the. Pok-fu-larn and Wong-nai
island are very limited. There is, now known as the Bowrington chung reservoirs by the
however, one additional storage The Secretary of State agreed Canal. The so-called Blue Pool boards. Both these old reservoirs
with the petitioners. Approval of scheme, of which this Council has in this stream provided a amall leak and the leakage increases,
Ordinance No. 23 of 1902 was with-approved, and which is now being.
carried out, storage; and it is interesting to when boards are fixed. Moreover,
held and a new bill was introduced
namely that Aberdeen. note that during the recent water as Tytam reservoir now overflows.
In this Council in July, 1903, pra- His Excellency the Governor emergency this pool, which was into Tytam-tak reservoir, the use
viding for the laying of rider-maina
Aberdeen Scheme. said: Hanourable Members of the reconstructed by the city water-of boards in connexion with it
in areas which were defined an
The Aberdeen scheme was ap- Council:
works in 1874, was again brought has been discontinued. The total
"rider-main districts. This bill proved by resolution of this into use and dug out, after being capacity of these reservoirs has
was passed into law on the 17th Counell on the 2nd May last. It For many
months must our completely silted up in the course thus been reduced from 511,394,000
September, 1903. Under a pro- provides for the resumption by principal anxiety has been the very of the intervening years. More gallons in 1809 to 481,140,000
vialons practically the whole
Government of the existing storage: serious water shortage in the over, even when the drought was allons at the present day. The
of Victoria City below Kennedy roservoir with a capacity of 92 Colony, and expecially on Hong-ut its womt, the Wong-nai-chung Colony's population in 1899 was
Road, Caine Road and High Street, million gallons constructed by the. 259,312 souls, of whom 15,822 were
including East Point and Kennedy Tai Shing Paper Manufacturing. low rainfall. This water emer-water supply which attracted the
was this. natural non-Chinese,
Town Districts, has been brought Company in the Aberdeen valley, -gency arose in spite of the fact that first settlers to the Happy Valley,
The New Territories.
within the definition of a rider. This reaumption had already been main district. Rider-mains have effected at a cost of $525,000, of · all the storage reservoirs of the
In 1841 there were estimated to Territories were taken over and On the 16th April, 1899, the New
been inld, and water-services to which a sum of 352,500 has bean Colony overflowed in 1928. The he. 5,650 Chinese in Hongkong the British dag was hosted at
Object Misunderstood. the houses in rldar-main dispuid on account, the balance boing last dates in that year when the The number of Europeans, then Taipo. Prior to that day the land
A bill, drafted on these lines, was tricts have been disconnected payable early next year. The reservoirs on longkong island resident on the island, is
read a first time in this Council, but from the principal mains
Company has been granted 183 known; but it must have been very population of British Kowloon, 18 feet to its present level, thus its object was misunderstood by the connected to the rider-moins days, commencing from the 20th stand at overdow-level were small. Ten years later, in 1851 which, according to the 1891 increasing the storage by 47.8 Chinese. They imagined that the Connexions, with the principal July last, to use up its existing follars: Wong-nai-chung 4th the population had increased to'a Census, was 19,907 souls, had million gallons to a total capacity aim was to raise revenue, whereas mains are granted only in cases stocks. On the expiry of that June, Pok-fu-lum 5th June, Tytam total of 32,983 souls, of whom 1,620 drawn its water supply entirely of 92 million gallons. From this the real object was to check waste. in which special sanction is period Government obtains posses Byewash 13th June, Tytam 18th were non-Chinese; and in that from wells, and the only water-reservoir the Company is required The then Chinese members of the given by the Governor-in-Council,sion. The Aberdeen scheme fur- Jung, Tytam-tuk 28th July and year the Colony's firal waterworks Works undertaken by the Hongkong by the terms of Rs Crown lence to
nd - Government that the bill would fall owners enter into an undertaking in this valley, estimated to contain Legisintive Council represented to and with regard to which the ther provides for the construction of an additional storage reservoir constructed, namely, five overnment on Kowloon peninsula supply the Aberdeen were Tytam Intermediate 17th Novem-wells for the city supply. Again, had been the construction, in 1895, chau villages with G0,000 gallons
in its object, as landlords, in order to pay for "excess consumption."176 million gallons of water and ber. On the mainland, in 1928, it is interesting to remark that of three wells, north of Yaumati, a day; and, in order to improve
to make their houses attractive,
Present System. Slick-al-pui reservoir last stood at during the recent emergency we But from 1899 onwards increasing 1897 constructed a small covered
to supply 250,000 gallons a day. this supply, the Government in would keep the water-services In
to cost $800,000. The ancillary overflow-level on the 8th September have had to fall back upon the attention was given to schemes service reservoir and three filter
them and. would arrange to charge of water is as follows: A rate of mains, filters, an access road and The present method of payment works, Including calchwaters, and Kowloon reservoir on the 28th opening of wells in Happy Valley for storing water on the main-beds. The Company's own reser.sumption by additions to the rent premises, both on the island and to cost $1,277,000. The whole of the tenants for their excess con- 2% on the, assessed value of all a pumping station, are estimated November.
But the rainfall for and elsewhere to eke out our fall-and. The construction of the voir was, however, resumed by the the second half of 1928 was onlying supply from the reservoirs.
The Chinese, it was urged, would be on the mainland, Is charged for this scheme will be financed by 22.89 inches-the lowest ever re-
Kowloon reservoir and of the Hongkong Government in March better pleased if Government took water-services. In consideration loan. It will much facilitate the A Use of Tanks.
Kowloon waterworks gravitation last, as an initial step towards the steps to attain its object by direct for the payment of this rate a supply of water to the western end corded; and the rainfall from the beginning of this year to the 12th The next step was taken in 1860, scheme began in 1902,and was extension of the waterworks in legislation, at the same time in-so-called "free allowance of of Victoria City, where improved July last, when the drought may when two tanks were constructed completed in 1910, Its storage Aberdeen valley, a matter to whitch creasing the "free" surely to such water is granted. This "free distribution is most needed, for be said to have ended, was only in Bonham Road for the city capacity at overflow-level in 3521 shall revert later on. The Ap-premises as were allowed services, allowance" is calculated from water, from the Aberdeen valley 1570 inches, making a total of supply; and unce again I note that million gallons, but with thell-chau supply was obtained by The Government thereupon aban the number of thousand-gallon will be pipod to the Elliot filter- 38.05 inches during a period of a tanks have during the recent sluices down an additional 321⁄2 waterboats until 1928, when a 2doned the idea of universal meter units which the 2% rate will pay beds, which are to be augmented Hittle over twelve months. The emergency proved to be one of the million gallons can be stored, pipe-line was laid across the bed age and determined to provide for for at 40 cents a unit. Thus, if the by a rapid gravity Blization plant. lowest rainfall even previously re-most useful means of combatting making a total of 385 million of Aberdeen harbour to give this the supply of water to the poorer 200 rale on, a given house corded in this Colony for twelta che drought. The two tanks built gallons. Next followed, in 1925, amall island a direct service.
sections of the population by means ten dollars
were At present, when Pok-fu-lam re- consecutive
a year, the "freeservoir is depleted, it is often diff I now pass from the subject of of street-fountains, a step which allowance" would be ten dollars cult to maintain an adequate, aup- months 46.83 in 1860 were, three years Inter, the completion of the Shick-la-pu incher. In 1895. The recent connected by an aqueduct with reservoir, with a capacity of 116 water storage to that of water would have brought the distribution divided by 40 cents, le. 25 units, ply to the Elliot filter-beds from drought was, therefore, inuch the Pok-fn-lam, where in 1863 the million gallons; and meanwhile, distribution. On the mainland, of water within the city into line most severe in the Colony's history Colony's first storage reservoir was in 1923, work began on the Sheng- where storage of water as with that then existing outside itse. 25,000 gallons a year. If, how the Bawen Road Conduit..
ever, as in the rider-main districts, and its effect was auch that on the completed. In that year the po-mun valley scheme, which is still fortunately hitherto kept pace with boundaries. For the wealthier
Bite Problems, I 2 house is not metered, the 11th July, 1929, when our island pulation of Hongkong hnd in-under construction, and about the growth of the population, it is
classes a supply by house services question of "free allowance" does Hongkong Island with how to An exhaustive examination of reservoirs were at their lowest, creused to 124,850 souls, of whom which I shall have more to say now the polley of Government to would be provided, all such services not arise; no charge for excess discovering yet more vsites for the total water storage in long, 3,149 were non-Chinese.
later on. Two small schemes on give all premises a metered supply sumption above a certain al'owance ply is unlimited so long as the six such sites exist. But to each to be metered and any excess con-consumption is made, and the supstorage reservoira: hashown that kong was only 150 million gallons,
the mainlanil should, however, be through the mains. But while an the 8th June, 1929, when many of the Colony's water-the Royal Hongkong Golf Club the water storage has often been would be opened throughout the city servoirs permits, that is to say, tions. Three more storage-re The Pok-fu-lam scheme, like so mentioned at this point.. In 1920 island, where in times of drought to be charged for. Publle fountains amount of water stored in our re- of them there are serious objec their lowest, the total water sive stages. In 1863 the capacity water to the links and club-houses of the resident population, a more agreed to the introduction of meters months, in time of water shortage, 760 feet above sea-level and one cur mainland reservoirs were at works, was developed by succes-requested Government to supply insufficient to supply the needs and all houses would be disconnect usually for about six months in a servoira might be built in the storage in Kowloon was only 79 of this reservoir
ed from the mains unless the owners year. During the remaining sixTytam valley, two at a height of million gallons.
was only two at F-ling: and, as private re- complicated system of distribution and signed an undertaking to pay houses in the rider-main distries actually within the flow of the million gallons. In 1871 by residential development also had grew up. Under the legislation of for "oxcess consumption." Anxieties Relieved.
construction its storage creased to 66 million gallons: andtion system was
was in-begun in the vicinity, a gravita- the years 1895 to 1898 the system
are often restricted to a supply sea in Tytam harbour. The two This means that the island and in 1895 an additional 4,400,000 supply the district, water being
constructed to of supply was as follows:
of two hours a day; while, in time former would have capacities of mainland, reservoirs were so de-gallons were impounded by the use obtained from a perennial stream
of severe drought such as we have 70 million and 40 million gallons, ploted that no more than 7% and of boards, making the total capa-te the west of the golf course.
System of Supply.
A new bill was accordingly in recently experienced, the supply, but they would be inside the exist 15% respectively of their ag- eity of Pok-fu-lam
(n) Within the City of Victoria and passed as Ordinance No. 29 on shut off and the inhabitants have Tytam reservoir.
troduced into Legislative Council even from reservoir The distribution system now ex- waler for domestic purpoBER WAS
the rider-mains, sing catchment area of the original grogate capacities remained in 70,400,000 gallons. Meanwhile, in ends from Fan-ling village to supplied without check or restraint the 13th August, 1902. The chief to draw their water from the therefore, impound no new sup storage. Since the 12th July inst 1877, the condult between Pok-fu- Kam-tsin village and the average of any kind through services laid changes which it made in the law street-fountains. In
They would,... we have fortunately had heavy lam and the city was reconstruct daily consumption this year has
Kowloon plies of water and in time rafas and our anxieties have been ed; and, in 1890, four filter beds been about 17,000 gallons. It was
on to the housen. Any house
there are no rider-mains and all drought the water stored in them somewhat relieved. But It has for this reservoir were built with further decided, in 1922, to place were fixed only in the case of sup-in every house connected with the supplies from the street-fountains in Tytam reservoir. The reser- could have its service.. Moters (1) The enforced use of a meter unmetered houses obtain their would merely diminish the storage been brought home to every re- an area of 1,360 square varða. sident in this Colony in an un-
the Taipo water supply on a more piles for trade
water service. or non-domestic mistakable manner that our water
satisfactory basis. Prior to that purposes.
"Excess consumption" in metered voir sita within the flow of the sea (2) The reduction of the daily premises is charged for at problem is the most pressing and
The second, and by far the of Taipo were supplied from the supply of water to Chinese five gallons a day,
year houses in the neighbourhood
allowance of water per caput from following prices per
thewould have a capacity of 700 (b) Outside the City of Victoria the most important of our domestle gest, of the storage schemes on sources of doubtful purity and housce was entirely by means of
about twelve gallons a day to about gallons:
thousand million gallons; but, when. - in- problems; and it is quite clear to the island is that in the Tytam Taipa Market itself was dopondent public
vestigated in 1904, a rock founda all of us that an adequate solution Valley. The original section of on wells. An intake has now been
(3) The increase in the price of
tion for the dam was not found fountains. Services for the supply of water for domestic 25 cents to a sum not exceeding $1 water to be supplied by meter from
until a depth of 65 feet below Therefore, as a preliminary to our of 312,330,000 gallons,
ordnance datum had been reached. педг Рикровся wore permitted to. deliberations
per thousand gallons.
As the site is below sea-level, most budget, I wish to place before miles long. and a service re-into a forestry reserve. A4" main
over next year's 1.38 miles long, a conduit thres the catchment area has been made be fixed.
a tunnel the intake has been resumed and ease of all services meters had to of the existing water-service supply (4). The enforced disconnection
dificult and costly coffor-daras you the history in brief outline servoir with a capacity of 6,700,000 has been laid and supplies Taipo and outside the city, 2% per inhabited by more than one occupier
would have to be built as tem- of the Colony's waterworks,, gallons. In 1897 the dam was Market and other villages as well annum on the rating valuation, was
(c) A uniform rate, both inside every domestic building let to and from overy "tenment-house" "Liên
porary erections on both sides of description of our present position raised to impound an additional an the residential buildings in the charged on account of water. La landlord or sub-tenants of a tenant (Fanling $1.00) with
no free allowance &
the permanent dam under con- with respect to water supply, and 72,470,000 gallons. The capacity vicinity. The daily consumption the case of all metered supplies, of any portion of such
pay a flat rate of... $1.00
struction and the expense of the (b) unfiltered water-85.cents tan to the supply gained, the more
scheme would be out of propor policy which we intend to pursue of tam reservoir thus became at present amounts to 40,000 the water consumed was charged building. in the near future and of the boards this was further increased.
384,800,000 gallons, and by using gallons.
allowance: No water rafes are reservoir would have to be pump- free so as all the water from auch a goal wa aim at.
for at the rate of 25 cents per
imposed in districts supplied with ed to a height of nearly 400 feet, Tytom Bywash.
thousand gallons, a rebate of
Petition from Chinese. unfiltered water. A higher price in order to pass through the Tytam The construction of residential which had previously been de-servoirs were also being built on accounts,
1-1/3% per annum on the rating Meanwhile further storage re-valuation being made from the gislativa Council dissented from cause in that district the use of might be built directly below the
The two Chinese members of Les charged in the Peak District, Tunnel. An additional reservoir... and business premises on Hang-pendent on well water, was sup Hongkong island in the Tytam kong inland began in March, 1841, plied from the city waterworks by valley. The Tylam Eyewash re-
this bill also, and a petition was filtered water from the mains for existing Pok-fu-lam reservoir. It when Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & pumping; and, in 1802, the city servoir, with a capacity of 22,370,
Strange Anomalies.
presented in August, 1902, by the lushing closets has been per would have a capacity of 78 Company erected the first a waterworks distribution
mitted. Accounts are rendered million gallons; but its construe. Chinese Inhabitania and arms of schema 000 gallons, WAB
You will see that under the old Hongkong to the Secretary of State quarterly and monoy does not tion would necessitate the resump- stantial house and godowns at
wan completed.
completed in ordinances thero were soma East Point. The mercantile centre |
1904; and the so-called Inter-strange anomalies. A
some tion of the Hongkong Dairy Farm for the Colonies, praying that the reach the Treasury until of the Colony was at the outset Wong-nul-chung reservoir with a with
In 1899 was completed the small mediate Reservoir in Tytam valley, house inside the city boundaries allowed, and proposing that instead the quarter brought to account.
European legislation just passed should be dis-2 months after the first day of and is for the reason undesirable. In Wong-nni-chung valley and capacity of 30,340,000 gallons by gallons, was completed in 1907. water through the mains without known as the "rider-main avslam"
4 capacity of 195,914,000 obtained an unlimited supply of the method
Another Schemt. S Chinese settlement began to the the use of boards; and in that Work on the Tytam-tuk scheme payment, except In the form of should be Introduced. The rounds as
of distribution, now. Storage Inadequate,
Another natural site for a re- Such being the present position dervoir is the basin on the aouth
regards water storage" and (Continued on Page 10,)
WILS
Tytam Valley.
on the
1/
of this problem is imperative. It provided for a storage reservoir Taipo; all cultivated ground above European houses only, and in the
this scheme was completed in 1889. formed in a large stream
a statement of the waterworks
The First Works.
to a total of 407 million gallona. Meanwhile, in 1891, the Peak.
were:-
A New Bi
or family as tenants of a comfron
domestic
loon
76 cents
(n) filtered water- Hongkong and Kow- Peak Districts...... $1.00 Waterbonts, Wharves and Contractors in respect of their bullä. ing supplies receive
ΠΟ
of