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SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1929.
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APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RAISE MARRIAGE AGE TO 16
PSYCHOLOGY.
(By Dr. Alfred Adler.)
PROPOSAL,
Lord Buckmaster has intro- duced a Bill in the Upper House The study of the psychology of to render vold any marriage in the individual has shown that the which one of the parties is under | main features of the human the age of, 10.
character have definitely estab At present the minimum atatu- lished themselves, in the case of tory marriago age in Great Bri- each individual, after the latter tain is 12 for girls and 14 for has completed the fourth or fifth boys. For persons under the age year of its life. No, modification of 16 to marry is not as rare as takes place after that age unless many people believe, the individual correcis itself and unless it acquiros a knowledge of the factors that are either useful dr useless to its personal well- being:
Innumerable children are born with inferior and under-developed
From 1915 to 1926 the number of marriages in which one of the| partica was under 16 was:----
Under 14............ 8. Under 15 Under 16..
20 292
When the Home Secretary, Sir organe and are unable to copo William Joyneon-Hicks, was · re- with the dimculties life has in contly urged by a deputation to store for them. The cause of their raiso the, marriage age to 16, he inferiority may either be a repllod that the question was diminished vitality due to alcoho-"fraught with difficulties."
lic Influences or blood diseases," ori He said that the difeulty was it may be the case that the in-that in the majority of cases of dividual child has inherited its girls under 10 who married there weaknesses from its progenitora.were urgent reasons for marriage. Such under-development is & There would perhaps be on outery aevere handicap to them through-against disallowing young people) out their lives. The knowledge to marry in auch caaca.
of their inferiority gives risoto Sir William also 'expressed the a feeling of deep and sustained opinion that it was very undesir- depression far exceeding that able for the marriage ago, in which sometimes affects normally-England to be lower than the age developed children. In ccnse-in most other civilised countries. quence of such permanent de Among the strongest supporters pression, all their mental func-of Lord Backmaster's Bill are the tions, more especially thoir atten-school teachers, who may occa tion and their meniory, as well oasionally be called upon to teach all their impulses and feelings, young married couples of, 12, 13 lose their naturalness and become or 14 years old. Bubordinated to a desire for the
aliainment of greater Becurity
which, as they hope, will help cher and every physician is them to overcome the Inferiority capable of performing this taak with which they had themselves provided that the methods employ- afflicted.
ed by him conform to the funda- mental principles set down in the preceding lines.
First Struggles, The children to whom the
Note-Dr. Adler, a well-known above remarks apply include,
a leader of among others, those affected with psychologist and congenital defects of the organs modern educational thought, was of perception, the respiratory or recently invited to lecture at the gans, the brain, the spinal marrow Sorbonne, Paris. His ideas have the organs of digestion and the also attracted considerable atten- internal-accretion glands. All tion in Great Britain and these and it difficult to accom- United States.
plish the tasks that are before them. The attitude adopted in relation to the first dimculties thus encountered may prove decl Rive in regard to the children's future development, and their first struggles against the forces that asugil their right to self-as- sortion reveal the strength or the weakness of their defensive powera. It is at this stage that the influence of education must make itself felt, because it de- termines to a far-reaching extent the greater or lesser success of the children in overcoming the difficulties with which they find themselves confronted.
The feeling of mental inferiori- ty, however, has not always ita root in physical and organic in- feriority and under-development. It also affects those children who are taxed with burdens that ex- eeed their physical strength, or who grow up in an atmosphere of distress, or who are forced to ex- change comparatively easy cir- cumstances of life with a life full! of hardship. All these feel in- secure, and this causes a feeling! of inferiority in them.
Courage in Life.
AYO
The numerous individuals who habitually and continuously sort to provarication and subter- fuge in order to maintain intact their personal reputation really merely intent upon presery- ing the only secret kept by them.) viz., the fact that they themselves question their own value.
No one has emphasized more consistently the importance of courage and activity in life than Bergaon. The aim of education; must be to implant these charac-' teristics in the children concern. ed so that they may lose the feel- ing of their innate inferiority. Seeing that this feeling, proper- ly speaking, is really a manifesta- Lion of their lack of what may be the called 'community feeling," immediate aim before their educa- tors must be to implant this lot- ter kind of feeling in them, l.c the children must feel that they farm part of a large community and they must feel at home when they are in the company of other members of the same community. Their courago and their self- confidence must be developed, and they must be made to realize that they are not really dependent.on other people. If thle plan is adop tod; they will become more active in their habits and will feel that they are proceeding in the right direction, The "community fool- ing" must first be nurtured in rolation to the children's educa- tor and the latter must then on deavour to cause a transfer to others as well.
The foremost object of education during the first four or five years of age must be to create in the children the feeling of love. If the mother fails to achieve this aim; a course of training or, if required, of treatment along the Miner of "Individual psychology must be resorted to. Every tea...”
the
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